统计学示例

\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 \end{array}

$\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 \end{array}$

解题步骤 1

求每一组的中点

M

$M$ 。

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解题步骤 1.1

每组的下限为该组的最小值。另外，每组的上限为该组的最大值。

\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Lower Limits & Upper Limits \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 19.55 & 21.82 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 21.83 & 24.1 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 24.11 & 26.38 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 26.39 & 28.66 \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 28.67 & 30.94 \end{array}

$\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Lower Limits & Upper Limits \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 19.55 & 21.82 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 21.83 & 24.1 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 24.11 & 26.38 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 26.39 & 28.66 \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 28.67 & 30.94 \end{array}$

解题步骤 1.2

组中点为组下限加组上限除以

2

$2$ 。

\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Lower Limits & Upper Limits & Midpoint (M) \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 19.55 & 21.82 & \frac{19.55 + 21.82}{2} \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 21.83 & 24.1 & \frac{21.83 + 24.1}{2} \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 24.11 & 26.38 & \frac{24.11 + 26.38}{2} \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 26.39 & 28.66 & \frac{26.39 + 28.66}{2} \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 28.67 & 30.94 & \frac{28.67 + 30.94}{2} \end{array}

$\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Lower Limits & Upper Limits & Midpoint (M) \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 19.55 & 21.82 & \frac{19.55 + 21.82}{2} \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 21.83 & 24.1 & \frac{21.83 + 24.1}{2} \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 24.11 & 26.38 & \frac{24.11 + 26.38}{2} \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 26.39 & 28.66 & \frac{26.39 + 28.66}{2} \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 28.67 & 30.94 & \frac{28.67 + 30.94}{2} \end{array}$

解题步骤 1.3

化简所有中点列。

\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Lower Limits & Upper Limits & Midpoint (M) \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 19.55 & 21.82 & 20.685 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 21.83 & 24.1 & 22.965 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 24.11 & 26.38 & 25.245 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 26.39 & 28.66 & 27.525 \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 28.67 & 30.94 & 29.805 \end{array}

$\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Lower Limits & Upper Limits & Midpoint (M) \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 19.55 & 21.82 & 20.685 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 21.83 & 24.1 & 22.965 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 24.11 & 26.38 & 25.245 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 26.39 & 28.66 & 27.525 \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 28.67 & 30.94 & 29.805 \end{array}$

解题步骤 1.4

在原始表格中增加一列，列出中值。

\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Midpoint (M) \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 20.685 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 22.965 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 25.245 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 27.525 \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 29.805 \end{array}

$\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Midpoint (M) \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 20.685 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 22.965 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 25.245 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 27.525 \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 29.805 \end{array}$

\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Midpoint (M) \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 20.685 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 22.965 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 25.245 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 27.525 \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 29.805 \end{array}

解题步骤 2

计算各组中点的平方

M^{2}

$M^{2}$ 。

\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Midpoint (M) & M^{2} \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 20.685 & {20.685}^{2} \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 22.965 & {22.965}^{2} \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 25.245 & {25.245}^{2} \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 27.525 & {27.525}^{2} \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 29.805 & {29.805}^{2} \end{array}

$\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Midpoint (M) & M^{2} \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 20.685 & {20.685}^{2} \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 22.965 & {22.965}^{2} \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 25.245 & {25.245}^{2} \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 27.525 & {27.525}^{2} \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 29.805 & {29.805}^{2} \end{array}$

解题步骤 3

化简

M^{2}

$M^{2}$ 列。

\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Midpoint (M) & M^{2} \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 20.685 & 427.869225 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 22.965 & 527.391225 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 25.245 & 637.310025 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 27.525 & 757.625624\overline{9} \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 29.805 & 888.338025 \end{array}

$\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Midpoint (M) & M^{2} \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 20.685 & 427.869225 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 22.965 & 527.391225 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 25.245 & 637.310025 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 27.525 & 757.625624\overline{9} \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 29.805 & 888.338025 \end{array}$

解题步骤 4

将每一中点的平方乘以其频率

f

$f$ 。

\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Midpoint (M) & M^{2} & f \cdot M^{2} \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 20.685 & 427.869225 & 3 \cdot 427.869225 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 22.965 & 527.391225 & 5 \cdot 527.391225 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 25.245 & 637.310025 & 9 \cdot 637.310025 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 27.525 & 757.625624\overline{9} & 6 \cdot 757.625624\overline{9} \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 29.805 & 888.338025 & 2 \cdot 888.338025 \end{array}

$\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Midpoint (M) & M^{2} & f \cdot M^{2} \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 20.685 & 427.869225 & 3 \cdot 427.869225 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 22.965 & 527.391225 & 5 \cdot 527.391225 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 25.245 & 637.310025 & 9 \cdot 637.310025 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 27.525 & 757.625624\overline{9} & 6 \cdot 757.625624\overline{9} \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 29.805 & 888.338025 & 2 \cdot 888.338025 \end{array}$

解题步骤 5

化简

f \cdot M^{2}

$f \cdot M^{2}$ 列。

\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Midpoint (M) & M^{2} & f \cdot M^{2} \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 20.685 & 427.869225 & 1283.607675 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 22.965 & 527.391225 & 2636.956124\overline{9} \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 25.245 & 637.310025 & 5735.790225 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 27.525 & 757.625624\overline{9} & 4545.75375 \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 29.805 & 888.338025 & 1776.67605 \end{array}

$\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Midpoint (M) & M^{2} & f \cdot M^{2} \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 20.685 & 427.869225 & 1283.607675 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 22.965 & 527.391225 & 2636.956124\overline{9} \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 25.245 & 637.310025 & 5735.790225 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 27.525 & 757.625624\overline{9} & 4545.75375 \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 29.805 & 888.338025 & 1776.67605 \end{array}$

解题步骤 6

求所有频率的和。在本例中，所有频率的和为

n = 3, 5, 9, 6, 2 = 25

$n = 3, 5, 9, 6, 2 = 25$ 。

\sum_{}^{} f = n = 25

$\sum_{}^{} f = n = 25$

解题步骤 7

求

f \cdot M^{2}

$f \cdot M^{2}$ 列的和。在本例中，即

1283.607675 + 2636.956124\overline{9} + 5735.790225 + 4545.75375 + 1776.67605 = 15978.783825

$1283.607675 + 2636.956124\overline{9} + 5735.790225 + 4545.75375 + 1776.67605 = 15978.783825$ 。

\sum_{}^{} f \cdot M^{2} = 15978.783825

$\sum_{}^{} f \cdot M^{2} = 15978.783825$

解题步骤 8

求平均值

μ

$μ$ 。

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解题步骤 8.1

求每一组的中点

M

$M$ 。

\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Midpoint (M) \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 20.685 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 22.965 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 25.245 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 27.525 \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 29.805 \end{array}

解题步骤 8.2

将每组频率乘以组中值。

\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Midpoint (M) & f \cdot M \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 20.685 & 3 \cdot 20.685 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 22.965 & 5 \cdot 22.965 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 25.245 & 9 \cdot 25.245 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 27.525 & 6 \cdot 27.525 \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 29.805 & 2 \cdot 29.805 \end{array}

$\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Midpoint (M) & f \cdot M \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 20.685 & 3 \cdot 20.685 \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 22.965 & 5 \cdot 22.965 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 25.245 & 9 \cdot 25.245 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 27.525 & 6 \cdot 27.525 \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 29.805 & 2 \cdot 29.805 \end{array}$

解题步骤 8.3

化简

f \cdot M

$f \cdot M$ 列。

\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Midpoint (M) & f \cdot M \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 20.685 & 62.054\overline{9} \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 22.965 & 114.825 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 25.245 & 227.205 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 27.525 & 165.14\overline{9} \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 29.805 & 59.61 \end{array}

$\begin{array}{c} Class & Frequency (f) & Midpoint (M) & f \cdot M \\ 19.55 - 21.82 & 3 & 20.685 & 62.054\overline{9} \\ 21.83 - 24.1 & 5 & 22.965 & 114.825 \\ 24.11 - 26.38 & 9 & 25.245 & 227.205 \\ 26.39 - 28.66 & 6 & 27.525 & 165.14\overline{9} \\ 28.67 - 30.94 & 2 & 29.805 & 59.61 \end{array}$

解题步骤 8.4

将

f \cdot M

$f \cdot M$ 列中的值相加。

62.054\overline{9} + 114.825 + 227.205 + 165.14\overline{9} + 59.61 = 628.845

$62.054\overline{9} + 114.825 + 227.205 + 165.14\overline{9} + 59.61 = 628.845$

解题步骤 8.5

将频率列中的值相加。

n = 3 + 5 + 9 + 6 + 2 = 25

$n = 3 + 5 + 9 + 6 + 2 = 25$

解题步骤 8.6

均值 (mu) 为

f \cdot M

$f \cdot M$ 的和除以

n

$n$ ，即为频率的和。

μ = \frac{\sum_{}^{} f \cdot M}{\sum_{}^{} f}

$μ = \frac{\sum_{}^{} f \cdot M}{\sum_{}^{} f}$

解题步骤 8.7

平均值是中点和频率的乘积之和除以频率总和。

μ = \frac{628.845}{25}

$μ = \frac{628.845}{25}$

解题步骤 8.8

化简

μ = \frac{628.845}{25}

$μ = \frac{628.845}{25}$ 的右边。

25.1538

$25.1538$

25.1538

$25.1538$

解题步骤 9

标准差方程为

S^{2} = \frac{\sum_{}^{} f \cdot M^{2} - n {(μ)}^{2}}{n - 1}

$S^{2} = \frac{\sum_{}^{} f \cdot M^{2} - n {(μ)}^{2}}{n - 1}$ 。

S^{2} = \frac{\sum_{}^{} f \cdot M^{2} - n {(μ)}^{2}}{n - 1}

$S^{2} = \frac{\sum_{}^{} f \cdot M^{2} - n {(μ)}^{2}}{n - 1}$

解题步骤 10

将计算值代入

S^{2} = \frac{\sum_{}^{} f \cdot M^{2} - n {(μ)}^{2}}{n - 1}

$S^{2} = \frac{\sum_{}^{} f \cdot M^{2} - n {(μ)}^{2}}{n - 1}$ 。

S^{2} = \frac{15978.783825 - 25 {(25.1538)}^{2}}{25 - 1}

$S^{2} = \frac{15978.783825 - 25 {(25.1538)}^{2}}{25 - 1}$

解题步骤 11

化简

S^{2} = \frac{15978.783825 - 25 {(25.1538)}^{2}}{25 - 1}

$S^{2} = \frac{15978.783825 - 25 {(25.1538)}^{2}}{25 - 1}$ 的右边以得出方差

S^{2} = 6.705935\overline{9}

$S^{2} = 6.705935\overline{9}$ 。

6.705935\overline{9}

$6.705935\overline{9}$

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统计学 示例

统计学示例