The first element in a coordinate pair. When graphed in the coordinate plane, it is the distance from the y-axis. Frequently called the x coordinate.

The distance of a number from zero; the positive value of a number.

Traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion activity greater than in pure water (a pH less than ${\displaystyle 7}$ ).

A positive angle measuring less than ${\displaystyle 90}$ degrees.

A triangle with all angles measuring less than ${\displaystyle 90}$ degrees.

A number which is involved in addition. Numbers being added are considered to be the addends.

Calculating a sum by adding two or more numbers.

To solve a system of equations with the addition method, follow these steps:

1. Rewrite both equations in standard form if they aren’t in it already.

2. Multiply the terms of the equations by some constant that will cause the first variable to have the same coefficient in both equations, but with opposite signs, i.e., ${\displaystyle 2y=3x+2}$ and ${\displaystyle -2y=4x-3}$ (both have ${\displaystyle 2y}$, but one of them has the opposite sign).

3. Add the equations together. The first variable will cancel out, leaving you with the second variable.

4. Solve the new equation for this variable.

5. Substitute the value you got in step 4 back into either one of the original equations, and solve for the remaining variable.

6. Plug both values back into the original equations and check the solutions.

If ${\displaystyle a}$, ${\displaystyle b}$, and ${\displaystyle c}$ are real numbers and ${\displaystyle a=b}$, then: ${\displaystyle a+c=b+c}$.

${\displaystyle 0}$ added to any number ${\displaystyle x}$, is ${\displaystyle x}$. Example: ${\displaystyle 0+a=a+0=a}$.

The additive inverse of any number ${\displaystyle x}$ is the number that gives zero when added to ${\displaystyle x}$. Example: the additive inverse of ${\displaystyle 5}$ is ${\displaystyle -5}$.

Two angles that share both a side and a vertex.

A branch of mathematics in which variables are substituted for unknown values to solve a particular problem.

A step-by-step procedure for carrying out computation.

Two angles that are in opposite locations when lines are cut by a transversal.

Length from the uppermost point of a triangle to the line opposite.

The union of two rays with a common endpoint, called the vertex.

An ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge.

The portion of a plane bounded by two concentric circles in the plane.

An antiderivative of a function ${\displaystyle f}$ is a function ${\displaystyle F}$ whose derivative is equal to ${\displaystyle f}$. Example: ${\displaystyle F\mathrm{<mo>\prime </mo>}=f}$.

Nearly correct or exact.

A portion of the circumference of a circle.

The number of square units covering a shape or figure.

The area of a circle can be found with the formula ${\displaystyle A=\pi r^2}$, where ${\displaystyle r}$ is the radius.

The area of a parallelogram can be found with formula ${\displaystyle A=bh}$, where ${\displaystyle b}$ is the base, and ${\displaystyle h}$ is the height.

The area of a rectangle can be found with formula ${\displaystyle A=lw}$, where ${\displaystyle l}$ is the length, and ${\displaystyle w}$ is the width.

The area of a square can be found with formula ${\displaystyle A=s^2}$, where ${\displaystyle s}$ is the side.

The area of a trapezoid can be found with the formula ${\displaystyle A=\frac{1}{2}h(b_1+b_2)}$, where ${\displaystyle h}$ is the maximum height, and ${\displaystyle b_1}$ and ${\displaystyle b_2}$ represent the bases of the trapezoid.

The area of a triangle can be found with the formula ${\displaystyle A=\frac{1}{2}bh}$, where ${\displaystyle b}$ is the base and ${\displaystyle h}$ is the height.

The independent variable or expression of a function. Example: ${\displaystyle log\left(x\right)}$, ${\displaystyle sin\left(2x\right)}$.

Method of computing using addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division.

A sequence with the difference between two consecutive terms constant. The difference is called the common difference.

To see how to calculate the sum of an arithmetic sequence, enter 'arithmetic sequence sum' into Mathway.

To find the sum of the first ${\displaystyle n}$ terms of an arithmetic sequence, use the formula:

A set of numbers that will follow a specific pattern. An orderly arrangement often in rows, columns or a matrix.

When performing an operation on three or more numbers, the result is unchanged by the way the numbers are grouped.

On a graph, a line which is approached by a curve but never reached.

A basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.

The mass of an atom, most often expressed in unified atomic mass units.

The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus.

A characteristic to describe an object usually within a pattern. The attribute usually refers to the shape, size, or color.

A number that represents the characteristics of a data set, calculated by adding a group of numbers then dividing by the number of elements in that group.

A basic assumption about a mathematical system from which theorems can be deduced. For example, the system could be the points and lines in the plane. Then an axiom would be that given any two distinct points in the plane, there is a unique line through them.

The horizontal and vertical lines that form the quadrants of the coordinate plane. The horizontal axis is usually called the x-axis, the vertical axis is usually called the y-axis.

A line that passes through a figure in such a way that the part of the figure on one side of the line is a mirror reflection of the part on the other side of the line.

A visual representation of horizontal and vertical bars or lines to represent data.

1. The bottom of a plane figure or three-dimensional figure.

2. The number that is raised to various powers to generate the principal counting units of a number system.

3. An aqueous substance that can accept hydrogen ions.

The numbering system in common use, in which each place to the left or right of the decimal represents a power of ${\displaystyle 10}$.

The shape of the graph that indicates the normal distribution.

Point of reference used in estimation.

A polynomial with two terms. Example: ${\displaystyle 2x+3}$.

In probability, a binomial distribution gives the probabilities of ${\displaystyle k}$ outcomes ${\displaystyle A}$ (or ${\displaystyle n-k}$ outcomes ${\displaystyle B}$) in ${\displaystyle n}$ independent trials for a two-outcome experiment in which the possible outcomes are denoted ${\displaystyle A}$ and ${\displaystyle B}$.

In mathematics, a theorem that specifies the complete expansion of a binomial raised to any positive integer power.

${\displaystyle {(a+b)}^n={\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^n}\frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}{a}^{n-k}{b}^k}$, where ${\displaystyle n}$ is a positive integer.

To divide into two congruent parts.

A type of graph used in data management particularly useful in showing the spread of the distribution of the data.

A type of graph used in data management where the data points are joined by line segments.

To compute or simplify.

A machine used for computation.

The branch of mathematics involving derivatives and integrals. The study of motion in which changing values are studied.

The amount a container holds.

A whole number, used to answer the question how many?

A system in which points on a plane are identified by an ordered pair of numbers, representing the distances to two or three perpendicular axes.

An ion with more protons than electrons.

A temperature scale in which water freezes at ${\displaystyle 0°}$ and boils at ${\displaystyle 100°}$.

Information gathered from all people in a population.

The point around which an object is rotated.

In the metric system, a prefix meaning hundredth.

An angle that has its vertex at the center of a circle.

Used to differentiate composite functions. The chain rule is ${\displaystyle \left(fog\right)\mathrm{<mo>\prime </mo>}\left(x\right)=f\mathrm{<mo>\prime </mo>}\left(g\left(x\right)\right)g\mathrm{<mo>\prime </mo>}\left(x\right)}$.

If ${\displaystyle a}$, ${\displaystyle b}$, and ${\displaystyle x}$ are positive, ${\displaystyle a\ne 1}$, and ${\displaystyle b\ne 1}$, then: ${\displaystyle {\log }_b\left(x\right)=\frac{{\log }_a\left(x\right)}{{\log }_a\left(b\right)}}$.

A pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its nucleus.

A process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

A line segment that connects two points on a curve.

A figure whose points are all equidistant from a fixed point.

A pictorial way of displaying how an entire thing, represented by the circle's interior, is distributed.

The distance around a circle.

The circumference can be found with the formula ${\displaystyle C=2\pi r}$, where ${\displaystyle r}$ is the radius of the circle.

A string of connected points in which the beginning of the string joins the end of the string.

A constant that multiplies a variable.

Defined for an ${\displaystyle n\times n}$ matrix at an index ${\displaystyle (i,j)}$ in terms of the minor at that index as ${\displaystyle {(-1)}^{i+j}{M}_{ij}}$ where the minor is ${\displaystyle M_{ij}}$.

Points are collinear if they lie on the same line.

A selection in which order has no importance.

To join, or bring together.

A gas law which combines Charles's law, Boyle's law, and Gay-Lussac's law.

Earnings based on the amount of total sales.

A denominator shared by two or more fractions.

A factor of two or more numbers.

A multiple of two or more numbers.

The order of numbers in a calculation does not affect the result.

An instrument used for drawing circles, describing circles, or measuring distances. Consists of two hinged, movable legs.

Numbers that are easy to manipulate mentally. Example: ${\displaystyle 25\cdot 4}$, ${\displaystyle 8+2}$.

Adjusting an estimated answer up or down to more closely approximate the value.

The difference between a right angle and the angle.

A set whose elements do not belong to a given set.

Two angles whose sum is ${\displaystyle 90°}$.

Numbers that have the form ${\displaystyle a+bi}$ where ${\displaystyle a}$ and ${\displaystyle b}$ are real numbers and ${\displaystyle i}$ satisfies the equation ${\displaystyle i^2=-1}$.

A natural number that is not prime.

A bar graph that compares two or more quantities simultaneously.

The outcome of a probability experiment that involves more than one object. Example: when you roll two dice and the result is a ${\displaystyle 5}$ on one and a ${\displaystyle 2}$ on the other, this is a compound event.

Two or more inequalities that may have a common solution.

The compound interest can be found with the formula: ${\displaystyle A=P{(1+\frac{r}{k})}^{kt}}$.

A polygon with at least one interior angle with measure greater than ${\displaystyle 180°}$.

The measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance.

With reference to circles, having the same center.

A three-dimensional figure with a circular base and one vertex.

Angles or figures that have the same size and shape.

The section formed by the intersection of a plane and a cone.

An educated guess.

Following, in succession, without interruption.

A system of equations that has at least one solution.

A fixed value that does not change.

A polygon with each interior angle measuring less than ${\displaystyle 180°}$.

A number in an ordered pair that names the location of a point on the coordinate plane. The first number in the ordered pair is called the abscissa and the second number is the ordinate.

The plane determined by a horizontal number line, called the x-axis, and a vertical number line, called the y-axis, intersecting at a point called the origin. Each point in the coordinate plane can be specified by an ordered pair of numbers.

Points that lie within the same plane.

A type of relationship between two variables. Two variables may be related as a positive correlation, a negative correlation, or illustrate no correlation.

Angles that have the same relative positions.

In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the hypotenuse to the length of the opposite side; the reciprocal of the sine.

In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the adjacent side to the length of the hypotenuse.

In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the adjacent side to the length of the opposite side; the reciprocal of the tangent.

The natural numbers, or the numbers used to count.

If a first event has ${\displaystyle n}$ outcomes and a second event has ${\displaystyle m}$ outcomes, then the first event followed by the second event has ${\displaystyle n}$ times ${\displaystyle m}$ outcomes.

A theorem in linear algebra, which gives the solution of a system of linear equations in terms of determinants.

A critical point of a function of a real variable is any value in the domain where either the function is not differentiable or its derivative is ${\displaystyle 0}$.

In a proportion, to rewrite the equation so that the product of the means equals the product of the extremes.

A product found by multiplying the numerator of one fraction by the denominator of another fraction and the denominator of the first fraction by the numerator of the second.

A solid figure with six square faces.

A number that when cubed, raised to the power of ${\displaystyle 3}$, gives the original number.

Having the shape of a cube. When referring to volume, describing in terms of the volume of a cube with the indicated length edge.

The graphic representation of an algebraic equation; a connected set of points.

A three-dimensional figure having two parallel bases that are congruent circles.

States that the total pressure exerted by a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual component in a gas mixture.

Gathered information.

The numbers in the base ${\displaystyle 10}$ number system, having one or more places to the right of a decimal point.

A symbol, looking exactly like a period, used to separate the whole number part, on the left, from the fractional part, on the right.

A unit of measure for angles equal to ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{360}}$ of a full circle.

The bottom part of a fraction.

Mass per unit volume of a substance.

Two events in which the outcome of the second is influenced by the outcome of the first.

The equations of a system are dependent if all the solutions of one equation are also solutions of the other equation.

A decrease in value.

A measurement of how a function changes when the values of its inputs change.

A line segment connecting two nonadjacent vertices in a polygon.

A figure, usually a line drawing, that illustrates a geometrical theorem.

A line segment joining two points on a circle and passing through the center of the circle.

The result of subtracting two numbers.

The ten symbols ${\displaystyle 0}$, ${\displaystyle 1}$, ${\displaystyle 2}$, ${\displaystyle 3}$, ${\displaystyle 4}$, ${\displaystyle 5}$, ${\displaystyle 6}$, ${\displaystyle 7}$, ${\displaystyle 8}$, and ${\displaystyle 9}$. The number ${\displaystyle 215}$ has three digits: ${\displaystyle 2}$, ${\displaystyle 1}$, and ${\displaystyle 5}$.

The enlargement or reduction of a plane figure.

A facet, aspect, or side of an object.

A fixed line associated with a parabola.

In algebra, the discriminant of a polynomial with real or complex coefficients is a certain expression in the coefficients of the polynomial which is equal to zero if and only if the polynomial has a multiple root, a root with multiplicity greater than one, in the complex numbers.

Length, as between two points.

To perform the operation of division.

A number to be divided by another number. In ${\displaystyle \frac{7}{3}}$, the dividend is ${\displaystyle 7}$.

Capable of being evenly divided by a number, without a remainder.

The process of dividing two numbers.

If ${\displaystyle x}$ is any real number, then the following is true:

${\displaystyle \frac{x}{1}=x}$ and ${\displaystyle \frac{x}{x}=1}$, where ${\displaystyle (x\ne 0)}$.

If ${\displaystyle a}$, ${\displaystyle b}$, and ${\displaystyle c}$ are real numbers and ${\displaystyle a=b}$, ${\displaystyle c\ne 0}$, then: ${\displaystyle \frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{c}}$.

If ${\displaystyle \sqrt[n]{a}}$ and ${\displaystyle \sqrt[n]{b}}$ are real numbers, then: ${\displaystyle \frac{\sqrt[n]{a}}{\sqrt[n]{b}}=\sqrt[n]{\frac{a}{b}}}$, where ${\displaystyle (b\ne 0)}$.

A number in which another number is divided by. In ${\displaystyle \frac{7}{3}}$, the divisor is ${\displaystyle 3}$.

The set of all ${\displaystyle x}$-values that a function passes through. Also the left coordinate in a coordinate pair.

To multiply by ${\displaystyle 2}$; determine twice as much.

Deviation of a curve from circularity.

The line segment where two faces of a polyhedron meet.

A subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge.

A member of a set. See also chemical element.

To remove, to get rid of.

The set of all points in a plane such that the sum of the distances to two fixed points is a constant.

A simple expression of the relative numbers of each type of atom in it, or the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound.

A set that contains no elements.

On a ray, segment, arc, or vector, a point at which the curve begins or ends; a point which touches only one other point on the curve.

To be the same in value (symbol: ${\displaystyle =}$).

A mathematical statement that says two expressions have the same value; any number sentence with an ${\displaystyle =}$.

With center at ${\displaystyle (h,k)}$: ${\displaystyle {(x-h)}^2+{(y-k)}^2=r^2}$.

With center at ${\displaystyle (0,0)}$: ${\displaystyle x^2+y^2=r^2}$.

For a hyperbola centered at ${\displaystyle (h,k)}$ there are two different standard equations:

To make the hyperbola open left and right: ${\displaystyle \frac{{(x-h)}^2}{a^2}-\frac{{(y-k)}^2}{b^2}=1}$.

To make the hyperbola open up and down: ${\displaystyle \frac{{(y-k)}^2}{a^2}-\frac{{(x-h)}^2}{b^2}=1}$.

For an ellipse centered at ${\displaystyle (h,k)}$ there are two different standard equations:

Major axis parallel to the ${\displaystyle x}$-axis: ${\displaystyle \frac{{(x-h)}^2}{a^2}+\frac{{(y-k)}^2}{b^2}=1}$, ${\displaystyle (a>b>0)}$.

Major axis parallel to the ${\displaystyle y}$-axis: ${\displaystyle \frac{{(x-h)}^2}{b^2}+\frac{{(y-k)}^2}{a^2}=1}$, ${\displaystyle (a>b>0)}$.

The same distance.

A figure containing all equal sides.

A triangle that has three equal sides.

Two or more expressions that have the same value.

Two equations with the same solutions.

Fractions that reduce to the same number.

The difference between an approximate measurement and the actual measure taken.

An approximate calculation of a value.

To substitute number values into an expression.

A natural number that is evenly divisible by ${\displaystyle 2}$.

In probability, a set of outcomes.

Method of writing numbers as the sum of powers of ten or as the sum of its units, tens, hundreds, ...

A number that indicates the operation of repeated multiplication.

A function in which the base ${\displaystyle e}$, the base of the natural logs, is raised to some power.

Exponential growth can be calculated with the formula: ${\displaystyle A=P{e}^{rt}}$.

A mathematical symbol, or combination of symbols, representing a value, or relation. Example: ${\displaystyle 2+2=4}$.

The angle outside a polygon formed by extending one of its sides.

A flat surface of a three-dimensional figure.

One of two or more expressions that are multiplied together to get a product.

A diagram representing a systematic way of determining all the prime factors of a number.

To break an expression into its factors. For factoring strategies, enter 'factoring strategy' into Mathway.

1. Write the trinomial in descending order of powers of the variable being used.

2. Factor out the GCF. If the first term is negative, factor out a ${\displaystyle -1}$ as well.

3. Check to see if the trinomial is now factorable.

4. If it is not yet factorable, manipulate the trinomial to take the form of a factorable trinomial, then factor.

5. Check that the factorization is valid by multiplying the binomials to result in the original trinomial.

1. Factor out the common factors.

2. If there’s an expression with two terms, try to identify it as one of these problem types, if possible:

a. Difference of two squares: ${\displaystyle x^2-y^2=(x+y)(x-y)}$.

b. Sum of two cubes: ${\displaystyle x^3+y^3=(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)}$.

c. Difference of two cubes: ${\displaystyle x^3-y^3=(x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2)}$.

3. If an expression has four or more terms, try to factor it by grouping.

4. Factor the expression until each factor is prime, and check your final results by multiplying.

Temperature scale in which water boils at ${\displaystyle 212°}$ and freezes at ${\displaystyle 32°}$.

A sequence whereby each number is the sum of the two numbers preceding it.

Two-dimensional shapes are often referred to as figures.

To find the inverse of a one-to-one function, do the following:

1. If the function is written in function notation, replace ${\displaystyle f\left(x\right)}$ with ${\displaystyle y}$.

2. Swap any ${\displaystyle x}$ in the function with ${\displaystyle y}$, and vice versa, i.e., ${\displaystyle y=x+2}$ becomes ${\displaystyle x=y+2}$.

3. Solve for ${\displaystyle y}$, then replace ${\displaystyle y}$ with ${\displaystyle f^{-1}\left(x\right)}$.

Not infinite. Finite has an end.

A reflection of a two-dimensional shape, a mirror image of a shape.

Imaginary point used in parabolas, hyperbolas, and ellipses.

A technique for distributing two binomials. The letters FOIL stand for First, Outer, Inner, Last. First means multiply the terms which occur first in each binomial, Outer means multiply the outermost terms in the product, Inner means multiply the innermost terms, and Last means multiply the terms which occur last in each binomial.

An equation that states a rule or a fact.

A number used to name a part of a group or a whole. The number below the division line is the denominator, and the number above the division line is the numerator.

The number of times a particular item occurs in a data set.

A data listing which also lists the frequencies of the data.

A set of ordered pairs where each first element is paired with one and only one second element and no element in either pair is without a partner.

Every polynomial equation having complex coefficients and degree greater than or equal to ${\displaystyle 1}$ has at least one complex root.

A theorem in calculus with two results.

Part 1: ${\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx}{\int }_a^{x}f\left(t\right)dt=f\left(x\right)}$

Part 2: ${\displaystyle {\int }_a^{b}f\left(x\right)dx=F\left(b\right)-Fa}$

A state of matter, without a definite shape or volume, consisting of a collection of particles (molecules, atoms, ions, electrons) that are in more or less random motion.

Greatest Common Factor; the largest number that divides two or more numbers evenly.

A sequence with the ratio between two consecutive terms constant. This ratio is called the common ratio.

To see how to calculate the sum of an geometric sequence, enter 'infinite geometric sum' into Mathway.

To find the sum of the first ${\displaystyle n}$ terms of a geometric sequence, use the formula: ${\displaystyle S_n=\frac{a-a{r}^n}{1-r}}$, where ${\displaystyle r\ne 1}$.

For the formula that finds the sum of an infinite geometric sequence, enter 'infinite geometric sum' into Mathway.

The study of lines, angles, shapes and their properties. Geometry is concerned with physical shapes and the dimensions of the objects.

A rectangle where the ratio of its length to its width is ${\displaystyle \frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}:1}$, about ${\displaystyle 1.618:1}$.

A unit of measure for angles equal to ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{400}}$ of a full circle.

A unit of mass, ${\displaystyle g}$.

A visual representation of data.

To solve a system of two equations by graphing, follow these steps:

First, graph each equation on the same coordinate plane.

Next, find the coordinates of all the points at which the two lines intersect on the graph, if any.

If the lines only intersect at one point, then that point is the only solution.

If the lines are not overlapping and are parallel to one another, then no solutions exist for this system of equations.

If the lines coincide, or are completely on top of each other, then there is an infinite amount of solutions for this system of two equations.

The largest number that divides two or more numbers evenly.

The function which produces the greatest integer less than or equal to the number operated upon.

Parentheses, brackets, braces, or fraction bars used to group together terms of an expression.

Either of the two quantities or pieces created when something is divided into two equal pieces.

The dimension used to describe the length from lowest point to highest point; how tall something is.

A polygon that has six angles and six sides.

A type of statistical graph that uses bars, where each bar represents a range of values and the data is continuous.

A line with zero slope.

A curved line where the difference of the distances from imaginary points, foci, to each point on the curve is constant.

The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle.

A number that when operating with it on any other number leaves the number unchanged.

A square matrix with ${\displaystyle 1}$'s along the diagonal from upper left to lower right and ${\displaystyle 0}$'s in all other positions.

The sum of any number and ${\displaystyle 0}$ is that number.

The product of ${\displaystyle 1}$ and any number is that number.

The result of a transformation on an object.

An even root of a negative number; the square root of ${\displaystyle -1}$ is symbolized by ${\displaystyle i}$.

An application of the chain rule allowing one to calculate the derivative of a function given implicitly.

A fraction with a numerator that is greater than the denominator.

All numbers including the ends. Example: List the odd numbers from ${\displaystyle 3}$ to ${\displaystyle 9}$, inclusive: ${\displaystyle 3}$, ${\displaystyle 5}$, ${\displaystyle 7}$, ${\displaystyle 9}$.

A system of equations is inconsistent if it does not have a solution.

An addition.

Two events in which the outcome of the second is not affected by the outcome of the first.

The equations of a system are independent if they share only one solution - the point of intersection.

In calculus and other branches of mathematical analysis, an indeterminate form is an algebraic expression whose limit cannot be evaluated by substituting the limits of the subexpressions.

The superscript at the beginning of a radical sign indicating the root to be taken, or extracted.

A mathematical expression which shows that two quantities are not equal.

${\displaystyle S=\frac{a}{1-r},}$ if ${\displaystyle \left|r\right|<1}$.

A limitless quantity.

A point on a curve at which the concavity changes sign from plus to minus or from minus to plus. The curve changes from being concave upwards to concave downwards, or vice versa.

An angle placed inside a circle with its vertex on the circle and whose sides contain chords of the circle.

A polygon placed inside a circle so that each vertex of the polygon touches the circle.

A whole number in the set of numbers containing zero, the natural numbers, and all of the negatives of the natural numbers.

Given a function ${\displaystyle f\left(x\right)}$ of a real variable ${\displaystyle x}$ and an interval ${\displaystyle [a,b]}$ of the real line, the integral ${\displaystyle {\int }_a^{b}f\left(x\right)dx}$ is equal to the area of a region in the xy-plane bounded by the graph of ${\displaystyle f}$, the x-axis, and the vertical lines ${\displaystyle x=a}$ and ${\displaystyle x=b}$, with areas below the x-axis being subtracted.

The x-intercept of a line or curve is the point where it crosses the x-axis, and the y-intercept of a line or curve is the point where it crosses the y-axis.

The arc of a circle within an inscribed angle.

Amount paid or received for the loaning of money or the borrowing of money.

Angles within a polygon formed by the intersection of two sides.

A method for estimating values that lie between two known values.

With lines or curves, to cross or have a point in common.

Lines that have only one point in common.

With sets, the operation that creates a new set containing only those elements common to the original sets.

A set of values between two endpoints.

Opposite in effect. ${\displaystyle -5}$ is the additive inverse of ${\displaystyle 5}$, because their sum is zero. ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}}$ is the multiplicative inverse of ${\displaystyle 3}$, because their product is ${\displaystyle 1}$. For rules on find the inverse of a function, enter 'finding the inverse' into Mathway.

Two operations that have the opposite effect, such as addition and subtraction.

An atom or molecule where the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge.

A number that cannot be expressed as the ratio of two integers.

A polygon with two sides equal in length.

A triangle with at least two equal sides.

A unit of measure that equals ${\displaystyle 1000}$ meters.

A curve formed by an interlacing piece of spring by joining the ends.

Rule that uses derivatives to help compute limits with indeterminate forms.

Least Common Denominator; the smallest multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions.

Least Common Multiple; the smallest non-zero number that is a multiple of two or more numbers.

The smallest multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions.

The smallest non-zero number that is a multiple of two or more numbers.

Measure of distance; a dimension of a solid or rectangle.

Fractions that have the same denominator.

Terms that have the same variables raised to the same exponent. Example: ${\displaystyle 3x^2}$ and ${\displaystyle -2x^2}$.

A number that a function approaches as the independent variable of the function approaches a given value.

A straight set of points that extends into infinity in both directions.

Line that divides a geometric figure into two congruent portions.

Two points on a line, and all the points between those two points.

An equation whose graph is a line, that is, an equation that has a degree of one. Example: ${\displaystyle y=3x-2}$.

To see how to solve linear equations, enter 'solving linear equations' into Mathway.

A path of points.

Rule that returns for each argument the exponent to which the base must be raised in order to get the argument; the inverse of the exponential function.

The study of sound reasoning.

Simplest form; when the GCF of the numerator and the denominator of a fraction is ${\displaystyle 1}$.

The larger of two arcs created when a circle is intersected at two points.

Nonintegral, decimal part of a logarithm.

The amount of matter in a particle or object.

A rectangular array of numbers, algebraic symbols, or mathematical functions.

A square matrix obtained from a given square matrix and having the property that its product with the given matrix is equal to the determinant of the given matrix times the identity matrix.

Traditionally refers to the substance that objects are made of.

Largest.

In a data set, the sum of all the data points, divided by the number of data points; average.

Dimension, capacity.

The middle number in a data set when the data are put in order.

Smallest.

Defined for an ${\displaystyle n\times n}$ matrix ${\displaystyle A}$ at an index ${\displaystyle (i,j)}$ as the determinant of the ${\displaystyle (n-1)\times (n-1)}$ matrix obtained by deleting row ${\displaystyle i}$ and column ${\displaystyle j}$ from ${\displaystyle A}$.

The smaller of two arcs made by the two point intersection of a circle.

In subtraction, the number which is decreased.

Subtract; decrease by; lessen by.

A unit of measure for angles equal to ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{60}}$ of a degree.

A number written as a whole number and a fraction.

When two or more different substances are mixed together but not combined chemically.

The number, or numbers, that occurs most frequently in a set of data.

The mass of one mole of a substance, chemical element or chemical compound.

The amount of substance of a system that contains as many elemental entities (atoms, molecules, ions, electrons) as there are atoms in ${\displaystyle 12g}$ of carbon-12. A mole has ${\displaystyle 6.0221415\cdot {10}^{23}}$ atoms or molecules of the pure substance being measured.

A sufficiently stable, electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong, covalent, chemical bonds.

An ion consisting of one or more atoms of a single element.

A number, a variable or a product of numbers and variables.

A multiple of a number is the product of that number and any other whole number. Zero is a multiple of every number.

The process of repeating additions of the same number.

The product of ${\displaystyle 0}$ and any number ${\displaystyle x}$, is ${\displaystyle 0}$. Example: ${\displaystyle a\cdot 0=0\cdot a=0}$.

If ${\displaystyle a}$, ${\displaystyle b}$, and ${\displaystyle c}$ are real numbers and ${\displaystyle a=b}$, then: ${\displaystyle ca=cb}$.

If ${\displaystyle \sqrt[n]{a}}$ and ${\displaystyle \sqrt[n]{b}}$ are real numbers, then: ${\displaystyle \sqrt[n]{a}\sqrt[n]{b}=\sqrt[n]{ab}}$.

${\displaystyle 0}$ added to any number ${\displaystyle x}$, is ${\displaystyle x}$. Example: ${\displaystyle 0+a=a+0=a}$.

The reciprocal of a number. The product of a number and its reciprocal is ${\displaystyle 1}$. Example: ${\displaystyle a\cdot \left(\frac{1}{a}\right)=\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)\cdot a=1}$.

To compute a product; to perform a multiplication.

Two or more events that cannot occur at the same time.

A logarithm that has ${\displaystyle e}$ as a base.

The counting numbers.

A real number that is less than zero.

A plane figure obtained by opening and flattening a 3-D object.

A subatomic particle with no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton.

The mean or the average, an established pattern or form.

Perpendicular.

The nth root of a number is the number needed to multiply by itself ${\displaystyle n}$ times in order to get that number.

The collection of protons and neutrons in the center of an atom, also composed of subatomic matter.

A line on which every point represents a real number, usually increasing in value from left to right.

A written symbol referring to a number.

The top part of a fraction.

Referring to a number or numbers.

An angle that is neither a right, acute or obtuse angle.

An angle whose measure is greater than ${\displaystyle 90°}$.

A triangle with an obtuse angle.

A polygon with ${\displaystyle 8}$ sides.

A whole number that is not evenly divisible by ${\displaystyle 2}$.

The ratio of the probability that an event will occur compared with the probability of it not occurring.

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are the basic arithmetic operations.

The symbol that expresses the operation to be performed.

Two numbers that are located the same distance from ${\displaystyle 0}$ on the number line but in opposite directions. The sum of opposite numbers is ${\displaystyle 0}$.

To find the orbital radius, in meters, of a satellite circling the Earth, use the formula:

${\displaystyle r=\sqrt[3]{\frac{GM{P}^2}{4{\pi }^2}}}$, where ${\displaystyle G}$ is the universal gravitational constant, ${\displaystyle M}$ is the Earth’s mass, and ${\displaystyle P}$ is the satellite’s period.

The order of operations is a set of rules that can be remembered through PEMDAS.

First, simplify anything that's in parentheses. Then perform the following operations in the order shown below from left to right:

1. Evaluate exponents and radicals in the function.

2. Do all the multiplication and division operations within the function. If there are fractions present, simplify the numerators and denominators separately, then attempt to simplify the fraction itself.

3. Do all addition and subtraction operations.

4. When all groupings have been simplified and removed, repeat steps 1-3 until the entire function is simplified completely.

Set of two numbers in which the order has an agreed-upon meaning, such as the Cartesian coordinates ${\displaystyle (x,y)}$, where the first coordinate represents the horizontal position, and the second coordinate represents the vertical position.

A number used to indicate place or position within a set or group.

The second element in a coordinate pair. When graphed in the coordinate plane, it is the distance from the ${\displaystyle x}$-axis. Frequently called the ${\displaystyle y}$ coordinate.

The point ${\displaystyle (0,0)}$ on a coordinate plane, where the x-axis and the y-axis intersect.

In probability, a possible result of an experiment.

An indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound.

Set of points equally distant from a focus and a directrix.

Two lines are parallel if they are in the same plane and never intersect.

A quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel.

The process of decomposing a single fraction into multiple fractional terms.

A five-sided polygon.

A whole number that is the square of an integer. Example: ${\displaystyle 16}$ is a perfect square because ${\displaystyle 4\cdot 4=16}$.

The sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon.

The perimeter of a rectangle can be found with the formula ${\displaystyle P=2l+2w}$, where ${\displaystyle l}$ is the length and ${\displaystyle w}$ is the width.

The perimeter of a square can be found with the formula ${\displaystyle P=4s}$, where ${\displaystyle s}$ is the length of one of its sides.

The perimeter of a triangle can be found with the formula ${\displaystyle P=a+b+c}$, where ${\displaystyle a}$, ${\displaystyle b}$, and ${\displaystyle c}$ represent the lengths of the 3 sides of the triangle.

A tabular display of the chemical elements.

A way to arrange things in which order is important.

Two lines are perpendicular if the angle between them is ${\displaystyle 90°}$.

A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution.

The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter (symbol: ${\displaystyle \pi }$), equaling ${\displaystyle 3.1415926}$...

A flat surface that stretches into infinity.

A plane that divides a 3-D object into two parts, each a mirror image of the other.

To draw or graph a point on a number line or on a coordinate plane.

Symbol indicating addition, ${\displaystyle +}$.

Sometimes used as a measure of the concentration of hydroxide ions, OH-, or alkalinity.

A location in a plane or in space, having no dimensions.

An equation of the form ${\displaystyle m=\frac{y-y_1}{x-x_1}}$, where ${\displaystyle m}$ is the slope and ${\displaystyle (x_1,y_1)}$ is a point on the line.

An equation of the form ${\displaystyle m=\frac{y-y_1}{x-x_1}}$, where ${\displaystyle m}$ is the slope and ${\displaystyle (x_1,y_1)}$ is a point on the line.

Expressed in terms of distance (from a point called the pole) and angle (with a ray as the initial side of the angle).

A charged species, ion, composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex that can be considered as acting as a single unit in the context of acid and base chemistry or in the formation of salts.

A closed plane figure made up of several line segments that are joined together.

A three-dimensional solid that is bounded by plane polygons.

An algebraic expression consisting of one or more summed terms, each term consisting of a constant multiplier and one or more variables raised to integral powers.

An equation of the form ${\displaystyle P\left(x\right)=0}$, where ${\displaystyle P\left(x\right)}$ is a polynomial.

In statistics, population refers to the entire group about which data are being collected.

A real number greater than zero.

A number that indicates the operation of repeated multiplication.

Used to differentiate expressions like ${\displaystyle x^n}$. The power rule is ${\displaystyle \left(\frac{d}{dx}\right)x^n=n{x}^{n-1}}$.

A natural number which has exactly two distinct natural number divisors: ${\displaystyle 1}$ and itself.

Calculation of all prime factors in a number.

In business, the amount lent or borrowed.

A geometric solid with two bases that are congruent, parallel polygons and all other faces are parallelograms.

For an experiment, the total number of successful events divided by the total number of possible events.

The result of two numbers being multiplied together.

In calculus, the product rule, also called Leibniz's law, governs the differentiation of products of differentiable functions. It may be stated as: ${\displaystyle (f\cdot g)\mathrm{<mo>\prime </mo>}=f\mathrm{<mo>\prime </mo>}\cdot g+f\cdot g\mathrm{<mo>\prime </mo>}}$.

A fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator.

The domain of ${\displaystyle f\left(x\right)=b^x}$ is the interval ${\displaystyle (-\infty ,\infty )}$.

The range is ${\displaystyle (0,\infty )}$.

The x-axis is an asymptote of this graph.

The graph has a y-intercept of ${\displaystyle (0,1)}$.

The graph passes through the point ${\displaystyle (1,b)}$.

If ${\displaystyle a}$, ${\displaystyle b}$, ${\displaystyle c}$, ${\displaystyle d}$, and ${\displaystyle k}$ are real numbers, and if there is nothing being divided by ${\displaystyle 0}$, then the following properties of fractions apply:

${\displaystyle \frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}}$ if and only if ${\displaystyle ad=bc}$

${\displaystyle \frac{a}{1}=a}$ and ${\displaystyle \frac{a}{a}=1}$

1. Any real number can be added to (or subtracted from) both sides of an inequality, producing a new inequality with the same direction as the original one.

2. Both sides of an inequality can be multiplied (or divided) by a positive number to produce a new inequality with the same direction as the original one.

3. Both sides of an inequality can be multiplied (or divided) by a negative number to produce a new inequality that has the opposite direction of the original one.

If ${\displaystyle M}$, ${\displaystyle N}$, ${\displaystyle p}$, and ${\displaystyle b}$ are positive numbers and ${\displaystyle b\ne 1}$, then the following properties apply:

${\displaystyle b^{{\log }_b\left(x\right)}=x}$, where ${\displaystyle x>0}$

If ${\displaystyle {\log }_b\left(x\right)={\log }_b\left(y\right)}$, then ${\displaystyle {\log }_b\left(x\right)={\log }_b\left(y\right)}$

An equation of fractions in the form: ${\displaystyle \frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}}$

A statement of equality in which each member is a fraction.

A subatomic particle with an electric charge of ${\displaystyle 1}$ elementary charge.

A device for measuring angles.

A three-dimensional figure that has a polygon for a base and all of the faces are triangles having a common vertex.

The theorem that relates the three sides of a right triangle: ${\displaystyle a^2+b^2=c^2}$, where ${\displaystyle c}$ is the longest side.

One of the quarters of the plane of the Cartesian coordinate system.

A polynomial equation of the second degree. The general form is ${\displaystyle a{x}^2+bx+c=0}$, where ${\displaystyle a\ne 0}$. For a method of solving quadratic equations, enter 'solving quadratic equations' into Mathway.

A polygon with four sides.

To multiply or to be multiplied by ${\displaystyle 4}$.

A general description of properties that cannot be written in numbers.

An amount; a number or expression having value.

A polynomial having a degree of ${\displaystyle 4}$.

Any one of the values in a frequency distribution that divides the distribution into four parts of equal frequency.

A polynomial having a degree of ${\displaystyle 5}$.

The answer to a division problem.

In calculus, the quotient rule is a method of finding the derivative of a function that is the quotient of two other functions for which derivatives exist.

In angle measure, ${\displaystyle 2\pi }$ of a revolution.

The number under the inclusion bar of the radical sign.

The distance from the center to a point on a circle; the line segment from the center to a point on a circle.

A number chosen without definite aim, reason, or pattern.

The set of all y-values that a function passes through. Also the right coordinate in a coordinate pair.

In statistics, the difference between the largest and the smallest numbers in a data set.

A ratio that compares different kinds of units.

A pair of numbers that compares different types of units.

An exponent containing a rational number. Examples: ${\displaystyle x^{\frac{1}{n}}=\sqrt[n]{x}}$ , ${\displaystyle {\left(x^n\right)}^{\frac{1}{n}}=\sqrt[n]{x^n}=\left|x\right|}$.

The quotient of two polynomials. For help with solving rational equations, enter 'solving rational equations' into Mathway.

A number that can be expressed as the ratio of two integers.

Part of a line, containing one endpoint and extending to infinity in one direction.

See chemical reaction.

The number which, when multiplied times a particular fraction, gives a result of ${\displaystyle 1}$.

A quadrilateral with four ${\displaystyle 90°}$ angles.

In trigonometry, an acute angle which may be used as a reference or to compute the trigonometric functions of non-acute angles.

A transformation resulting from a flip.

An angle whose measure is between ${\displaystyle 180°}$ and ${\displaystyle 360°}$.

A polygon in which all the angles are equal and all of the sides are equal.

The portion of the dividend that is not evenly divisible by the divisor.

A decimal in which the digits endlessly repeat a pattern.

A parallelogram with four equal sides.

An angle whose measure is ${\displaystyle 90°}$.

A triangle that contains a right angle.

The vertical change between two points used to determine the slope of a line.

The root of an equation is the same as the solution to the equation.

A transformation in which a figure is rotated through a given angle, about a point.

The horizontal change between two points used to determine the slope of a line.

Refers to a representative portion of the population from which information is gathered.

For an experiment, the sample space includes all the possible outcomes.

A drawing that is a reduction or enlargement of the original.

The ratio of a distance measured on a scale drawing to the corresponding distance measured on the actual object.

A triangle with three unequal sides.

A graph with points plotted on a coordinate plane.

A method for writing extremely large or small numbers compactly in which the number is shown as the product of two factors.

Ratio of the hypotenuse to the adjacent side of a right angled triangle.

A line that intersects a circle in two points.

A unit of measure for angles equal to ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{60}}$ of a minute.

Measures how the rate of change of a quantity is itself changing. For example, the slope represents the rate of change, and the rate of change of the slope is the second derivative.

Data obtained indirectly from sources such as a book or computer database.

An area between an arc and two radiuses of a circle. Sometimes referred to as a wedge.

A piece of a line with two endpoints.

A set of numbers, called terms, arranged in some particular order.

A well-defined group of objects.

The digits that affect the accuracy of a measurement.

Two polygons are similar if their corresponding sides are proportional.

A fraction is in simplest form if both its numerator and denominator are whole numbers and their only common factor is ${\displaystyle 1}$.

A fraction in simplest form.

Reducing to lowest terms.

In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite the angle to the length of the hypotenuse.

Lines that are not in the same plane and that do not intersect.

The steepness of a line expressed as a ratio, using any two points on the line.

An equation of the form ${\displaystyle y=mx+b}$, where ${\displaystyle m}$ is the slope and ${\displaystyle b}$ is the y-intercept.

The substance that is dissolved in a solution.

1. The value of a variable that makes an equation true.

2. In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of only one phase.

1. Choose two of the three equations and eliminate a variable from them with any method of elimination.

2. Choose a different pair of two equations and eliminate the same variable from step 1.

3. Take the two new equations made in steps 4 and 5 and eliminate another variable, leaving you with one remaining variable, and solve for that variable.

4. Plug that value into either one of the two equations made in steps 4 and 5 that contain only two variables, and solve for the second variable.

5. To find the value of the third variable, plug your other two values into any of the three original equations, and solve for the third variable.

6. Check the solution in all three of the original equations.

1. Start by removing all sets of parentheses with the distributive property, then combine any like terms.

2. Isolate the variables to one side of the equation, with the use of addition and subtraction. Combine like terms, if any.

3. Make the coefficient of the variable equal to one with the use of multiplication and division.

4. At this point, the variable should be alone on one side of the equation, meaning that any numbers on the other side are solutions of the equation for ${\displaystyle x}$.

5. Test your answer by substituting it back into the original equation and solve. If it’s correct, both sides will equal the same value.

One method of solving quadratic equations is by the factoring method, shown below:

1. Rewrite the equation in quadratic form if it is not already.

2. Factor the polynomial to make it easier to solve.

3. Set each factor equal to zero with the zero-factor property.

4. Solve each equation and check the solutions in the original equation.

1. Factor all the denominators in the equation.

2. Multiply both sides of the equation by the LCD of all rational expressions in the equation.

3. Remove all parentheses with the distributive property, and reduce any common factors. You should be left with a linear or quadratic equation.

4. Solve the equation and check the solution in the original equation.

1. Choose two of the three equations and eliminate a variable from them with any method of elimination.

2. Choose a different pair of two equations and eliminate the same variable from step 1.

3. Take the two new equations made in steps 4 and 5 and eliminate another variable, leaving you with one remaining variable, and solve for that variable.

4. Plug that value into either one of the two equations made in steps 4 and 5 that contain only two variables, and solve for the second variable.

5. To find the value of the third variable, plug your other two values into any of the three original equations, and solve for the third variable.

6. Check the solution in all three of the original equations.

The measure of the heat energy required to increase the temperature of a unit quantity of a substance by a certain temperature interval.

A three-dimensional figure with all points in space a fixed distance from a given point, called the center.

A computer generated arrangement of data in rows and columns.

A quadrilateral with four equal sides and four ${\displaystyle 90°}$ angles.

The square root of ${\displaystyle x}$ is the number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the number ${\displaystyle x}$.

A statistic that measures the dispersion of a sample.

Decimal notation.

The science of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data.

In statistics, a way of recording, organizing and displaying numerical data so that the original data remains intact.

The calculation of quantitative, measurable, relationships of the reactants and products in a balanced chemical reaction.

An angle that measures ${\displaystyle 180°}$.

A set that forms one part of a larger set.

To solve a system of two equations (containing two variables per equation) with the substitution method, we follow these steps:

1. If neither equation is already solved for a variable, choose one of the equations and solve it for one of the variables of your choice.

We will call the equation you chose ‘equation1’, and the other one will be 'equation2'.

2. Take equation1 and substitute it into equation2 in all places where equation2 has the variable that you solved for in equation1, and solve for the remaining variable.

3. Take the value you got in step 2 and plug it into equation1, which should be solved for a variable, and solve.

4. You should now have a solution set ${\displaystyle (x,y)}$ for the system of equations. Plug both of these values back into your two original equations and confirm that they work.

The process of finding the difference between two numbers.

If ${\displaystyle a}$, ${\displaystyle b}$, and ${\displaystyle c}$ are real numbers and ${\displaystyle a=b}$, then: ${\displaystyle a-c=b-c}$.

The result of adding numbers.

A set that consists of a collection of smaller subsets.

Two angles are supplementary if their sum is ${\displaystyle 180°}$.

For a three-dimensional figure, the sum of the areas of all the faces.

A correspondence of parts.

A collection of two or more equations with a same set of unknowns.

In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the side adjacent to the angle.

Any expression written as a product or quotient. Example: ${\displaystyle 2xy}$, ${\displaystyle 4m^2}$, or ${\displaystyle -3x^2{y}^{3}z}$.

A fraction whose decimal representation contains a finite number of digits.

The repeated use of geometric figures to completely cover a plane without overlapping.

Probability that is determined on the basis of reasoning, not through experimentation.

A change in the position, shape, or size of a geometric figure.

A transformation, or change in position, resulting from a slide with no turn.

A line that intersects two other lines.

A quadrilateral that has exactly two sides parallel.

A diagram that shows outcomes of an experiment.

The general drift or tendency in a set of data.

A three-sided polygon.

Study of triangles, the measurements of their parts and of angle functions and relations.

A polynomial consisting of three terms.

All the same. Having the same size, texture, color, design, ...

A set containing each of the elements of the two sets which were united.

A standard quantity used in measurement. Example: an inch is a unit of length, a centimeter is a unit of length, and a pound is a unit of weight.

A circle with a radius of one.

Price per unit of measure.

Terms with different variables or the same variables raised to different exponents. Example: ${\displaystyle 3x^2}$ and ${\displaystyle 4x^3}$

A letter used to represent a number value in an expression or an equation.

Quantity that has magnitude (length) and direction. It may be represented as a directed line segment.

A Venn diagram is often two circles that overlap. The overlapping part usually contains information that is pertinent to the labels on both sides of the Venn diagram.

The point on an angle where the two sides intersect.

Perpendicular to horizontal; up and down as opposed to left and right.

A pair of opposite angles that is formed by intersecting lines.

A way of testing a graphed relation to determine if it is a function.

Two angles formed by the intersection of two lines. They share a common vertex but no sides or interior points.

Commonly used as a short name for electrical potential difference. Its corresponding SI unit is the volt, ${\displaystyle V}$.

A measurement of space, or capacity.

The volume of a cone can be found with the formula ${\displaystyle V=\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\pi r^{2}h}$, where ${\displaystyle r}$ is the radius of the base, and ${\displaystyle h}$ is the height of the cone.

The volume of a cube can be found with the formula ${\displaystyle V=s^3}$, where ${\displaystyle s}$ is the length of one side of the cube.

The volume of a cylinder can be found with the formula ${\displaystyle V=\pi r^{2}h}$, where ${\displaystyle r}$ is the radius of the base, and ${\displaystyle h}$ is its height.

The volume of a pyramid can be found with the formula ${\displaystyle V=\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)lwh}$, where ${\displaystyle l}$ is the length of the base, ${\displaystyle w}$ is the width of the base, and ${\displaystyle h}$ is its height.

The volume of a rectangular prism can be found with the formula ${\displaystyle V=lwh}$, where ${\displaystyle l}$ is its length, ${\displaystyle w}$ is its width, and ${\displaystyle h}$ is its height.

The volume of a sphere can be found with the formula ${\displaystyle V=\left(\frac{4}{3}\right)\pi r^3}$, where ${\displaystyle r}$ is the radius of the sphere.

A measure of how heavy something is.

The set of positive integers and zero.

Measure of a, usually horizontal, distance.

The horizontal axis in a Cartesian coordinate plane.

The abscissa.

The value of ${\displaystyle x}$ at the point where a line or curve crosses the x-axis.

The vertical axis in a Cartesian coordinate system.

The ordinate.

The value of ${\displaystyle y}$ at the point where a curve crosses the y-axis.

The number of standard deviations a data point is from the mean.

The additive identity; the number that, when added to another number ${\displaystyle n}$, gives ${\displaystyle n}$.

A factorial can be used to represent the possible number of permutations for an expression. In the case of zero factorial, there is only one possible permutation: Zero. ${\displaystyle 0\ne 1}$.

The product of zero and any number is zero.

If ${\displaystyle a}$ and ${\displaystyle b}$ are real numbers, and ${\displaystyle ab=0}$, then ${\displaystyle a=0}$, ${\displaystyle b=0}$, or ${\displaystyle a+b=0}$.