Algebra Examples

${(x - y)}^{5}$

Step 1

Pascal's Triangle can be displayed as such:

$1$

$1 - 1$

$1 - 2 - 1$

$1 - 3 - 3 - 1$

$1 - 4 - 6 - 4 - 1$

$1 - 5 - 10 - 10 - 5 - 1$

The triangle can be used to calculate the coefficients of the expansion of ${(a + b)}^{n}$ by taking the exponent $n$ and adding $1$ . The coefficients will correspond with line $n + 1$ of the triangle. For ${(x - y)}^{5}$ , $n = 5$ so the coefficients of the expansion will correspond with line $6$ .

Step 2

The expansion follows the rule ${(a + b)}^{n} = c_{0} a^{n} b^{0} + c_{1} a^{n - 1} b^{1} + c_{n - 1} a^{1} b^{n - 1} + c_{n} a^{0} b^{n}$ . The values of the coefficients, from the triangle, are $1 - 5 - 10 - 10 - 5 - 1$ .

$1 a^{5} b^{0} + 5 a^{4} b + 10 a^{3} b^{2} + 10 a^{2} b^{3} + 5 a b^{4} + 1 a^{0} b^{5}$

Step 3

Substitute the actual values of $a$ $x$ and $b$ $- y$ into the expression.

$1 {(x)}^{5} {(- y)}^{0} + 5 {(x)}^{4} {(- y)}^{1} + 10 {(x)}^{3} {(- y)}^{2} + 10 {(x)}^{2} {(- y)}^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.1

Multiply ${(x)}^{5}$ by $1$ .

${(x)}^{5} {(- y)}^{0} + 5 {(x)}^{4} {(- y)}^{1} + 10 {(x)}^{3} {(- y)}^{2} + 10 {(x)}^{2} {(- y)}^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.2

Apply the product rule to $- y$ .

$x^{5} ({(- 1)}^{0} y^{0}) + 5 {(x)}^{4} {(- y)}^{1} + 10 {(x)}^{3} {(- y)}^{2} + 10 {(x)}^{2} {(- y)}^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.3

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

${(- 1)}^{0} x^{5} y^{0} + 5 {(x)}^{4} {(- y)}^{1} + 10 {(x)}^{3} {(- y)}^{2} + 10 {(x)}^{2} {(- y)}^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.4

Anything raised to $0$ is $1$ .

$1 x^{5} y^{0} + 5 {(x)}^{4} {(- y)}^{1} + 10 {(x)}^{3} {(- y)}^{2} + 10 {(x)}^{2} {(- y)}^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.5

Multiply $x^{5}$ by $1$ .

$x^{5} y^{0} + 5 {(x)}^{4} {(- y)}^{1} + 10 {(x)}^{3} {(- y)}^{2} + 10 {(x)}^{2} {(- y)}^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.6

Anything raised to $0$ is $1$ .

$x^{5} \cdot 1 + 5 {(x)}^{4} {(- y)}^{1} + 10 {(x)}^{3} {(- y)}^{2} + 10 {(x)}^{2} {(- y)}^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.7

Multiply $x^{5}$ by $1$ .

$x^{5} + 5 {(x)}^{4} {(- y)}^{1} + 10 {(x)}^{3} {(- y)}^{2} + 10 {(x)}^{2} {(- y)}^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.8

Simplify.

$x^{5} + 5 x^{4} (- y) + 10 {(x)}^{3} {(- y)}^{2} + 10 {(x)}^{2} {(- y)}^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.9

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$x^{5} + 5 \cdot - 1 x^{4} y + 10 {(x)}^{3} {(- y)}^{2} + 10 {(x)}^{2} {(- y)}^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.10

Multiply $5$ by $- 1$ .

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 {(x)}^{3} {(- y)}^{2} + 10 {(x)}^{2} {(- y)}^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.11

Apply the product rule to $- y$ .

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 x^{3} ({(- 1)}^{2} y^{2}) + 10 {(x)}^{2} {(- y)}^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.12

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 \cdot {(- 1)}^{2} x^{3} y^{2} + 10 {(x)}^{2} {(- y)}^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.13

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 \cdot 1 x^{3} y^{2} + 10 {(x)}^{2} {(- y)}^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.14

Multiply $10$ by $1$ .

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 x^{3} y^{2} + 10 {(x)}^{2} {(- y)}^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.15

Apply the product rule to $- y$ .

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 x^{3} y^{2} + 10 x^{2} ({(- 1)}^{3} y^{3}) + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.16

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 x^{3} y^{2} + 10 \cdot {(- 1)}^{3} x^{2} y^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.17

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $3$ .

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 x^{3} y^{2} + 10 \cdot - 1 x^{2} y^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.18

Multiply $10$ by $- 1$ .

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 x^{3} y^{2} - 10 x^{2} y^{3} + 5 {(x)}^{1} {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.19

Simplify.

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 x^{3} y^{2} - 10 x^{2} y^{3} + 5 x {(- y)}^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.20

Apply the product rule to $- y$ .

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 x^{3} y^{2} - 10 x^{2} y^{3} + 5 x ({(- 1)}^{4} y^{4}) + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.21

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 x^{3} y^{2} - 10 x^{2} y^{3} + 5 \cdot {(- 1)}^{4} x y^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.22

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $4$ .

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 x^{3} y^{2} - 10 x^{2} y^{3} + 5 \cdot 1 x y^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.23

Multiply $5$ by $1$ .

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 x^{3} y^{2} - 10 x^{2} y^{3} + 5 x y^{4} + 1 {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.24

Multiply ${(x)}^{0}$ by $1$ .

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 x^{3} y^{2} - 10 x^{2} y^{3} + 5 x y^{4} + {(x)}^{0} {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.25

Anything raised to $0$ is $1$ .

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 x^{3} y^{2} - 10 x^{2} y^{3} + 5 x y^{4} + 1 {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.26

Multiply ${(- y)}^{5}$ by $1$ .

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 x^{3} y^{2} - 10 x^{2} y^{3} + 5 x y^{4} + {(- y)}^{5}$

Step 4.27

Apply the product rule to $- y$ .

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 x^{3} y^{2} - 10 x^{2} y^{3} + 5 x y^{4} + {(- 1)}^{5} y^{5}$

Step 4.28

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $5$ .

$x^{5} - 5 x^{4} y + 10 x^{3} y^{2} - 10 x^{2} y^{3} + 5 x y^{4} - y^{5}$