Algebra Examples

What is an equation of the line that passes through the point $(4, - 3)$ and is perpendicular to the line $4 x + y = 3$ ?

Step 1

Write the problem as a mathematical expression.

$(4, - 3)$ , $4 x + y = 3$

Step 2

Subtract $4 x$ from both sides of the equation.

$y = 3 - 4 x$

Step 3

Find the slope when $y = 3 - 4 x$ .

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Step 3.1

Rewrite in slope-intercept form.

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Step 3.1.1

The slope-intercept form is $y = m x + b$ , where $m$ is the slope and $b$ is the y-intercept.

$y = m x + b$

Step 3.1.2

Reorder $3$ and $- 4 x$ .

$y = - 4 x + 3$

Step 3.2

Using the slope-intercept form, the slope is $- 4$ .

$m = - 4$

Step 4

The equation of a perpendicular line must have a slope that is the negative reciprocal of the original slope.

$m_{perpendicular} = - \frac{1}{- 4}$

Step 5

Simplify $- \frac{1}{- 4}$ to find the slope of the perpendicular line.

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Step 5.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$m_{perpendicular} = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 5.2

Multiply $- - \frac{1}{4}$ .

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Step 5.2.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$m_{perpendicular} = 1 (\frac{1}{4})$

Step 5.2.2

Multiply $\frac{1}{4}$ by $1$ .

$m_{perpendicular} = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 6

Find the equation of the perpendicular line using the point-slope formula.

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Step 6.1

Use the slope $\frac{1}{4}$ and a given point $(4, - 3)$ to substitute for $x_{1}$ and $y_{1}$ in the point-slope form $y - y_{1} = m (x - x_{1})$ , which is derived from the slope equation $m = \frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}$ .

$y - (- 3) = \frac{1}{4} \cdot (x - (4))$

Step 6.2

Simplify the equation and keep it in point-slope form.

$y + 3 = \frac{1}{4} \cdot (x - 4)$

Step 7

Write in $y = m x + b$ form.

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Step 7.1

Solve for $y$ .

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Step 7.1.1

Simplify $\frac{1}{4} \cdot (x - 4)$ .

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Step 7.1.1.1

Rewrite.

$y + 3 = 0 + 0 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (x - 4)$

Step 7.1.1.2

Simplify by adding zeros.

$y + 3 = \frac{1}{4} \cdot (x - 4)$

Step 7.1.1.3

Apply the distributive property.

$y + 3 = \frac{1}{4} x + \frac{1}{4} \cdot - 4$

Step 7.1.1.4

Combine $\frac{1}{4}$ and $x$ .

$y + 3 = \frac{x}{4} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot - 4$

Step 7.1.1.5

Cancel the common factor of $4$ .

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Step 7.1.1.5.1

Factor $4$ out of $- 4$ .

$y + 3 = \frac{x}{4} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (4 (- 1))$

Step 7.1.1.5.2

Cancel the common factor.

$y + 3 = \frac{x}{4} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (4 \cdot - 1)$

Step 7.1.1.5.3

Rewrite the expression.

$y + 3 = \frac{x}{4} - 1$

Step 7.1.2

Move all terms not containing $y$ to the right side of the equation.

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Step 7.1.2.1

Subtract $3$ from both sides of the equation.

$y = \frac{x}{4} - 1 - 3$

Step 7.1.2.2

Subtract $3$ from $- 1$ .

$y = \frac{x}{4} - 4$

Step 7.2

Reorder terms.

$y = \frac{1}{4} x - 4$

Step 8