Algebra Examples

Use the long division method to find the result when $x^{3} - 5 x^{2} + 3 x + 9$ is divided by $x + 1$

Step 1

Write the problem as a mathematical expression.

Use the long division method to find the result when $\frac{x^{3} - 5 x^{2} + 3 x + 9}{x + 1}$

Step 2

Set up the polynomials to be divided. If there is not a term for every exponent, insert one with a value of $0$ .

$x$

$1$

$x^{3}$

$5 x^{2}$

$3 x$

$9$

Step 3

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $x^{3}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

					$x^{2}$
	$x$	+	$1$		$x^{3}$	-	$5 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$	+	$9$

Step 4

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

				$x^{2}$
$x$	+	$1$		$x^{3}$	-	$5 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$	+	$9$
			+	$x^{3}$	+	$x^{2}$

Step 5

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $x^{3} + x^{2}$

				$x^{2}$
$x$	+	$1$		$x^{3}$	-	$5 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$	+	$9$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$x^{2}$

Step 6

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

				$x^{2}$
$x$	+	$1$		$x^{3}$	-	$5 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$	+	$9$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$x^{2}$
					-	$6 x^{2}$

Step 7

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

				$x^{2}$
$x$	+	$1$		$x^{3}$	-	$5 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$	+	$9$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$x^{2}$
					-	$6 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$

Step 8

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $- 6 x^{2}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

				$x^{2}$	-	$6 x$
$x$	+	$1$		$x^{3}$	-	$5 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$	+	$9$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$x^{2}$
					-	$6 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$

Step 9

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

				$x^{2}$	-	$6 x$
$x$	+	$1$		$x^{3}$	-	$5 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$	+	$9$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$x^{2}$
					-	$6 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$
					-	$6 x^{2}$	-	$6 x$

Step 10

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $- 6 x^{2} - 6 x$

				$x^{2}$	-	$6 x$
$x$	+	$1$		$x^{3}$	-	$5 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$	+	$9$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$x^{2}$
					-	$6 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$
					+	$6 x^{2}$	+	$6 x$

Step 11

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

				$x^{2}$	-	$6 x$
$x$	+	$1$		$x^{3}$	-	$5 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$	+	$9$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$x^{2}$
					-	$6 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$
					+	$6 x^{2}$	+	$6 x$
							+	$9 x$

Step 12

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

				$x^{2}$	-	$6 x$
$x$	+	$1$		$x^{3}$	-	$5 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$	+	$9$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$x^{2}$
					-	$6 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$
					+	$6 x^{2}$	+	$6 x$
							+	$9 x$	+	$9$

Step 13

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $9 x$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

				$x^{2}$	-	$6 x$	+	$9$
$x$	+	$1$		$x^{3}$	-	$5 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$	+	$9$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$x^{2}$
					-	$6 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$
					+	$6 x^{2}$	+	$6 x$
							+	$9 x$	+	$9$

Step 14

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

				$x^{2}$	-	$6 x$	+	$9$
$x$	+	$1$		$x^{3}$	-	$5 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$	+	$9$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$x^{2}$
					-	$6 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$
					+	$6 x^{2}$	+	$6 x$
							+	$9 x$	+	$9$
							+	$9 x$	+	$9$

Step 15

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $9 x + 9$

				$x^{2}$	-	$6 x$	+	$9$
$x$	+	$1$		$x^{3}$	-	$5 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$	+	$9$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$x^{2}$
					-	$6 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$
					+	$6 x^{2}$	+	$6 x$
							+	$9 x$	+	$9$
							-	$9 x$	-	$9$

Step 16

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

				$x^{2}$	-	$6 x$	+	$9$
$x$	+	$1$		$x^{3}$	-	$5 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$	+	$9$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$x^{2}$
					-	$6 x^{2}$	+	$3 x$
					+	$6 x^{2}$	+	$6 x$
							+	$9 x$	+	$9$
							-	$9 x$	-	$9$
										$0$

Step 17

Since the remander is $0$ , the final answer is the quotient.

$x^{2} - 6 x + 9$