Algebra Examples

$\frac{1}{{(x - 3)}^{2}} - \frac{2}{x^{2} - 9} + \frac{1}{{(x + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 1

Find the common denominator.

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Step 1.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{{(x - 3)}^{2}}$ by $\frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2}}{(x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(x - 3)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2}}{(x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2}} - \frac{2}{x^{2} - 9} + \frac{1}{{(x + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 1.2

Multiply $\frac{1}{{(x - 3)}^{2}}$ by $\frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2}}{(x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(x - 3)}^{2} ((x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2})} - \frac{2}{x^{2} - 9} + \frac{1}{{(x + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 1.3

Multiply $\frac{2}{x^{2} - 9}$ by $\frac{{(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(x - 3)}^{2} ((x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2})} - (\frac{2}{x^{2} - 9} \cdot \frac{{(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}}) + \frac{1}{{(x + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 1.4

Multiply $\frac{2}{x^{2} - 9}$ by $\frac{{(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(x - 3)}^{2} ((x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2})} - \frac{2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2})}{(x^{2} - 9) ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2})} + \frac{1}{{(x + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 1.5

Multiply $\frac{1}{{(x + 3)}^{2}}$ by $\frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{(x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(x - 3)}^{2} ((x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2})} - \frac{2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2})}{(x^{2} - 9) ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2})} + \frac{1}{{(x + 3)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{(x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}$

Step 1.6

Multiply $\frac{1}{{(x + 3)}^{2}}$ by $\frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{(x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(x - 3)}^{2} ((x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2})} - \frac{2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2})}{(x^{2} - 9) ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2})} + \frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} ((x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2})}$

Step 1.7

Reorder the factors of ${(x - 3)}^{2} ((x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2})$ .

$\frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)} - \frac{2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2})}{(x^{2} - 9) ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2})} + \frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} ((x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2})}$

Step 1.8

Reorder the factors of $(x^{2} - 9) ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2})$ .

$\frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)} - \frac{2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2})}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)} + \frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} ((x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2})}$

Step 1.9

Reorder the factors of ${(x + 3)}^{2} ((x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2})$ .

Step 2

Simplify terms.

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Step 2.1

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{(x^{2} - 9) {(x + 3)}^{2} - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.2.1

Rewrite ${(x + 3)}^{2}$ as $(x + 3) (x + 3)$ .

$\frac{(x^{2} - 9) ((x + 3) (x + 3)) - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.2

Expand $(x + 3) (x + 3)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.2.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(x^{2} - 9) (x (x + 3) + 3 (x + 3)) - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(x^{2} - 9) (x \cdot x + x \cdot 3 + 3 (x + 3)) - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(x^{2} - 9) (x \cdot x + x \cdot 3 + 3 x + 3 \cdot 3) - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.3

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.2.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.2.3.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{(x^{2} - 9) (x^{2} + x \cdot 3 + 3 x + 3 \cdot 3) - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.3.1.2

Move $3$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{(x^{2} - 9) (x^{2} + 3 \cdot x + 3 x + 3 \cdot 3) - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.3.1.3

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$\frac{(x^{2} - 9) (x^{2} + 3 x + 3 x + 9) - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.3.2

Add $3 x$ and $3 x$ .

$\frac{(x^{2} - 9) (x^{2} + 6 x + 9) - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.4

Expand $(x^{2} - 9) (x^{2} + 6 x + 9)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$\frac{x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} (6 x) + x^{2} \cdot 9 - 9 x^{2} - 9 (6 x) - 9 \cdot 9 - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.5

Combine the opposite terms in $x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} (6 x) + x^{2} \cdot 9 - 9 x^{2} - 9 (6 x) - 9 \cdot 9$ .

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Step 2.2.5.1

Reorder the factors in the terms $x^{2} \cdot 9$ and $- 9 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} (6 x) + 9 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} - 9 (6 x) - 9 \cdot 9 - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.5.2

Subtract $9 x^{2}$ from $9 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} (6 x) + 0 - 9 (6 x) - 9 \cdot 9 - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.5.3

Add $x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} (6 x)$ and $0$ .

$\frac{x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} (6 x) - 9 (6 x) - 9 \cdot 9 - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.6

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.2.6.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.2.6.1.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{x^{2 + 2} + x^{2} (6 x) - 9 (6 x) - 9 \cdot 9 - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.6.1.2

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + x^{2} (6 x) - 9 (6 x) - 9 \cdot 9 - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.6.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{2} x - 9 (6 x) - 9 \cdot 9 - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.6.3

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.2.6.3.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 (x \cdot x^{2}) - 9 (6 x) - 9 \cdot 9 - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.6.3.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 2.2.6.3.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 (x^{1} x^{2}) - 9 (6 x) - 9 \cdot 9 - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.6.3.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{1 + 2} - 9 (6 x) - 9 \cdot 9 - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.6.3.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 9 (6 x) - 9 \cdot 9 - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.6.4

Multiply $6$ by $- 9$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 9 \cdot 9 - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.6.5

Multiply $- 9$ by $9$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ({(x - 3)}^{2} {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.7

Rewrite ${(x - 3)}^{2}$ as $(x - 3) (x - 3)$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ((x - 3) (x - 3) {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.8

Expand $(x - 3) (x - 3)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.2.8.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ((x (x - 3) - 3 (x - 3)) {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.8.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ((x \cdot x + x \cdot - 3 - 3 (x - 3)) {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.8.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ((x \cdot x + x \cdot - 3 - 3 x - 3 \cdot - 3) {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.9

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.2.9.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.2.9.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ((x^{2} + x \cdot - 3 - 3 x - 3 \cdot - 3) {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.9.1.2

Move $- 3$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ((x^{2} - 3 \cdot x - 3 x - 3 \cdot - 3) {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.9.1.3

Multiply $- 3$ by $- 3$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ((x^{2} - 3 x - 3 x + 9) {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.9.2

Subtract $3 x$ from $- 3 x$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ((x^{2} - 6 x + 9) {(x + 3)}^{2}) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.10

Rewrite ${(x + 3)}^{2}$ as $(x + 3) (x + 3)$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ((x^{2} - 6 x + 9) ((x + 3) (x + 3))) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.11

Expand $(x + 3) (x + 3)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.2.11.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ((x^{2} - 6 x + 9) (x (x + 3) + 3 (x + 3))) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.11.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ((x^{2} - 6 x + 9) (x \cdot x + x \cdot 3 + 3 (x + 3))) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.11.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ((x^{2} - 6 x + 9) (x \cdot x + x \cdot 3 + 3 x + 3 \cdot 3)) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.12

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.2.12.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.2.12.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ((x^{2} - 6 x + 9) (x^{2} + x \cdot 3 + 3 x + 3 \cdot 3)) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.12.1.2

Move $3$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ((x^{2} - 6 x + 9) (x^{2} + 3 \cdot x + 3 x + 3 \cdot 3)) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.12.1.3

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ((x^{2} - 6 x + 9) (x^{2} + 3 x + 3 x + 9)) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.12.2

Add $3 x$ and $3 x$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 ((x^{2} - 6 x + 9) (x^{2} + 6 x + 9)) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.13

Expand $(x^{2} - 6 x + 9) (x^{2} + 6 x + 9)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} (6 x) + x^{2} \cdot 9 - 6 x \cdot x^{2} - 6 x (6 x) - 6 x \cdot 9 + 9 x^{2} + 9 (6 x) + 9 \cdot 9) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.14

Combine the opposite terms in $x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} (6 x) + x^{2} \cdot 9 - 6 x \cdot x^{2} - 6 x (6 x) - 6 x \cdot 9 + 9 x^{2} + 9 (6 x) + 9 \cdot 9$ .

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Step 2.2.14.1

Reorder the factors in the terms $x^{2} (6 x)$ and $- 6 x \cdot x^{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{2} x^{2} + 6 x^{2} x + x^{2} \cdot 9 - 6 x^{2} x - 6 x (6 x) - 6 x \cdot 9 + 9 x^{2} + 9 (6 x) + 9 \cdot 9) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.14.2

Subtract $6 x^{2} x$ from $6 x^{2} x$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} \cdot 9 + 0 - 6 x (6 x) - 6 x \cdot 9 + 9 x^{2} + 9 (6 x) + 9 \cdot 9) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.14.3

Add $x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} \cdot 9$ and $0$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} \cdot 9 - 6 x (6 x) - 6 x \cdot 9 + 9 x^{2} + 9 (6 x) + 9 \cdot 9) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.14.4

Reorder the factors in the terms $- 6 x \cdot 9$ and $9 (6 x)$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} \cdot 9 - 6 x (6 x) - 6 \cdot 9 x + 9 x^{2} + 6 \cdot 9 x + 9 \cdot 9) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.14.5

Add $- 6 \cdot 9 x$ and $6 \cdot 9 x$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} \cdot 9 - 6 x (6 x) + 9 x^{2} + 0 + 9 \cdot 9) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.14.6

Add $x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} \cdot 9 - 6 x (6 x) + 9 x^{2}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} \cdot 9 - 6 x (6 x) + 9 x^{2} + 9 \cdot 9) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.15

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.2.15.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.2.15.1.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{2 + 2} + x^{2} \cdot 9 - 6 x (6 x) + 9 x^{2} + 9 \cdot 9) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.15.1.2

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{4} + x^{2} \cdot 9 - 6 x (6 x) + 9 x^{2} + 9 \cdot 9) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.15.2

Move $9$ to the left of $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{4} + 9 \cdot x^{2} - 6 x (6 x) + 9 x^{2} + 9 \cdot 9) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.15.3

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{4} + 9 x^{2} - 6 \cdot 6 x \cdot x + 9 x^{2} + 9 \cdot 9) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.15.4

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.2.15.4.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{4} + 9 x^{2} - 6 \cdot 6 (x \cdot x) + 9 x^{2} + 9 \cdot 9) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.15.4.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{4} + 9 x^{2} - 6 \cdot 6 x^{2} + 9 x^{2} + 9 \cdot 9) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.15.5

Multiply $- 6$ by $6$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{4} + 9 x^{2} - 36 x^{2} + 9 x^{2} + 9 \cdot 9) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.15.6

Multiply $9$ by $9$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{4} + 9 x^{2} - 36 x^{2} + 9 x^{2} + 81) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.16

Subtract $36 x^{2}$ from $9 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{4} - 27 x^{2} + 9 x^{2} + 81) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.17

Add $- 27 x^{2}$ and $9 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 (x^{4} - 18 x^{2} + 81) + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.18

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} - 2 (- 18 x^{2}) - 2 \cdot 81 + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.19

Simplify.

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Step 2.2.19.1

Multiply $- 18$ by $- 2$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 2 \cdot 81 + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.19.2

Multiply $- 2$ by $81$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + (x^{2} - 9) {(x - 3)}^{2}}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.20

Rewrite ${(x - 3)}^{2}$ as $(x - 3) (x - 3)$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + (x^{2} - 9) ((x - 3) (x - 3))}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.21

Expand $(x - 3) (x - 3)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.2.21.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + (x^{2} - 9) (x (x - 3) - 3 (x - 3))}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.21.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + (x^{2} - 9) (x \cdot x + x \cdot - 3 - 3 (x - 3))}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.21.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + (x^{2} - 9) (x \cdot x + x \cdot - 3 - 3 x - 3 \cdot - 3)}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.22

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.2.22.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.2.22.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + (x^{2} - 9) (x^{2} + x \cdot - 3 - 3 x - 3 \cdot - 3)}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.22.1.2

Move $- 3$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + (x^{2} - 9) (x^{2} - 3 \cdot x - 3 x - 3 \cdot - 3)}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.22.1.3

Multiply $- 3$ by $- 3$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + (x^{2} - 9) (x^{2} - 3 x - 3 x + 9)}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.22.2

Subtract $3 x$ from $- 3 x$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + (x^{2} - 9) (x^{2} - 6 x + 9)}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.23

Expand $(x^{2} - 9) (x^{2} - 6 x + 9)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} (- 6 x) + x^{2} \cdot 9 - 9 x^{2} - 9 (- 6 x) - 9 \cdot 9}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.24

Combine the opposite terms in $x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} (- 6 x) + x^{2} \cdot 9 - 9 x^{2} - 9 (- 6 x) - 9 \cdot 9$ .

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Step 2.2.24.1

Reorder the factors in the terms $x^{2} \cdot 9$ and $- 9 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} (- 6 x) + 9 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} - 9 (- 6 x) - 9 \cdot 9}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.24.2

Subtract $9 x^{2}$ from $9 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} (- 6 x) + 0 - 9 (- 6 x) - 9 \cdot 9}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.24.3

Add $x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} (- 6 x)$ and $0$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} (- 6 x) - 9 (- 6 x) - 9 \cdot 9}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.25

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.2.25.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.2.25.1.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{2 + 2} + x^{2} (- 6 x) - 9 (- 6 x) - 9 \cdot 9}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.25.1.2

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4} + x^{2} (- 6 x) - 9 (- 6 x) - 9 \cdot 9}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.25.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4} - 6 x^{2} x - 9 (- 6 x) - 9 \cdot 9}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.25.3

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.2.25.3.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4} - 6 (x \cdot x^{2}) - 9 (- 6 x) - 9 \cdot 9}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.25.3.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 2.2.25.3.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4} - 6 (x^{1} x^{2}) - 9 (- 6 x) - 9 \cdot 9}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.25.3.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4} - 6 x^{1 + 2} - 9 (- 6 x) - 9 \cdot 9}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.25.3.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4} - 6 x^{3} - 9 (- 6 x) - 9 \cdot 9}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.25.4

Multiply $- 6$ by $- 9$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4} - 6 x^{3} + 54 x - 9 \cdot 9}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.2.25.5

Multiply $- 9$ by $9$ .

$\frac{x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4} - 6 x^{3} + 54 x - 81}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.3

Simplify by adding terms.

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Step 2.3.1

Combine the opposite terms in $x^{4} + 6 x^{3} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4} - 6 x^{3} + 54 x - 81$ .

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Step 2.3.1.1

Subtract $6 x^{3}$ from $6 x^{3}$ .

$\frac{x^{4} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4} + 0 + 54 x - 81}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.3.1.2

Add $x^{4} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{x^{4} - 54 x - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4} + 54 x - 81}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.3.1.3

Add $- 54 x$ and $54 x$ .

$\frac{x^{4} - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4} + 0 - 81}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.3.1.4

Add $x^{4} - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{x^{4} - 81 - 2 x^{4} + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4} - 81}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.3.2

Subtract $2 x^{4}$ from $x^{4}$ .

$\frac{- x^{4} - 81 + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4} - 81}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.3.3

Combine the opposite terms in $- x^{4} - 81 + 36 x^{2} - 162 + x^{4} - 81$ .

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Step 2.3.3.1

Add $- x^{4}$ and $x^{4}$ .

$\frac{- 81 + 36 x^{2} - 162 + 0 - 81}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.3.3.2

Add $- 81 + 36 x^{2} - 162$ and $0$ .

$\frac{- 81 + 36 x^{2} - 162 - 81}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.3.4

Simplify by subtracting numbers.

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Step 2.3.4.1

Subtract $162$ from $- 81$ .

$\frac{36 x^{2} - 243 - 81}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 2.3.4.2

Subtract $81$ from $- 243$ .

$\frac{36 x^{2} - 324}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.1

Factor $36$ out of $36 x^{2} - 324$ .

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Step 3.1.1

Factor $36$ out of $36 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{36 (x^{2}) - 324}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 3.1.2

Factor $36$ out of $- 324$ .

$\frac{36 x^{2} + 36 \cdot - 9}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 3.1.3

Factor $36$ out of $36 x^{2} + 36 \cdot - 9$ .

$\frac{36 (x^{2} - 9)}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 3.2

Rewrite $9$ as $3^{2}$ .

$\frac{36 (x^{2} - 3^{2})}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 3.3

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = x$ and $b = 3$ .

$\frac{36 (x + 3) (x - 3)}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 9)}$

Step 4

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 4.1

Rewrite $9$ as $3^{2}$ .

$\frac{36 (x + 3) (x - 3)}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x^{2} - 3^{2})}$

Step 4.2

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = x$ and $b = 3$ .

$\frac{36 (x + 3) (x - 3)}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x + 3) (x - 3)}$

Step 4.3

Combine exponents.

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Step 4.3.1

Raise $x + 3$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{36 (x + 3) (x - 3)}{{(x + 3)}^{1} {(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x - 3)}$

Step 4.3.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{36 (x + 3) (x - 3)}{{(x + 3)}^{1 + 2} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x - 3)}$

Step 4.3.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{36 (x + 3) (x - 3)}{{(x + 3)}^{3} {(x - 3)}^{2} (x - 3)}$

Step 4.3.4

Raise $x - 3$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{36 (x + 3) (x - 3)}{{(x + 3)}^{3} ({(x - 3)}^{1} {(x - 3)}^{2})}$

Step 4.3.5

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{36 (x + 3) (x - 3)}{{(x + 3)}^{3} {(x - 3)}^{1 + 2}}$

Step 4.3.6

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{36 (x + 3) (x - 3)}{{(x + 3)}^{3} {(x - 3)}^{3}}$

Step 5

Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.

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Step 5.1

Cancel the common factor of $x + 3$ and ${(x + 3)}^{3}$ .

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Step 5.1.1

Factor $x + 3$ out of $36 (x + 3) (x - 3)$ .

$\frac{(x + 3) (36 (x - 3))}{{(x + 3)}^{3} {(x - 3)}^{3}}$

Step 5.1.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 5.1.2.1

Factor $x + 3$ out of ${(x + 3)}^{3} {(x - 3)}^{3}$ .

$\frac{(x + 3) (36 (x - 3))}{(x + 3) ({(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{3})}$

Step 5.1.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{(x + 3) (36 (x - 3))}{(x + 3) ({(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{3})}$

Step 5.1.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{36 (x - 3)}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{3}}$

Step 5.2

Cancel the common factor of $x - 3$ and ${(x - 3)}^{3}$ .

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Step 5.2.1

Factor $x - 3$ out of $36 (x - 3)$ .

$\frac{(x - 3) \cdot 36}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{3}}$

Step 5.2.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 5.2.2.1

Factor $x - 3$ out of ${(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{3}$ .

$\frac{(x - 3) \cdot 36}{(x - 3) ({(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2})}$

Step 5.2.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{(x - 3) \cdot 36}{(x - 3) ({(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2})}$

Step 5.2.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{36}{{(x + 3)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{2}}$