微积分学示例

$\int_{0}^{π} \sin^{2} (t) \cos^{4} (t) d t$

解题步骤 1

通过提取公因式进行化简。

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解题步骤 1.1

从 $4$ 中分解出因数 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{π} \sin^{2} (t) {\cos (t)}^{2 (2)} d t$

解题步骤 1.2

将 ${\cos (t)}^{2 (2)}$ 重写为乘方形式。

$\int_{0}^{π} \sin^{2} (t) {(\cos^{2} (t))}^{2} d t$

解题步骤 2

使用半角公式将 $\frac{1 + \cos (2 t)}{2}$ 重新书写为 $\cos^{2} (t)$ 的形式。

$\int_{0}^{π} \sin^{2} (t) {(\frac{1 + \cos (2 t)}{2})}^{2} d t$

解题步骤 3

使用半角公式将 $\frac{1 - \cos (2 t)}{2}$ 重新书写为 $\sin^{2} (t)$ 的形式。

$\int_{0}^{π} \frac{1 - \cos (2 t)}{2} {(\frac{1 + \cos (2 t)}{2})}^{2} d t$

解题步骤 4

使 $u_{1} = 2 t$ 。然后使 $d u_{1} = 2 d t$ ，以便 $\frac{1}{2} d u_{1} = d t$ 。使用 $u_{1}$ 和 $d$ $u_{1}$ 进行重写。

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解题步骤 4.1

设 $u_{1} = 2 t$ 。求 $\frac{d u_{1}}{d t}$ 。

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解题步骤 4.1.1

对 $2 t$ 求导。

$\frac{d}{d t} [2 t]$

解题步骤 4.1.2

因为 $2$ 对于 $t$ 是常数，所以 $2 t$ 对 $t$ 的导数是 $2 \frac{d}{d t} [t]$ 。

$2 \frac{d}{d t} [t]$

解题步骤 4.1.3

使用幂法则求微分，根据该法则， $\frac{d}{d t} [t^{n}]$ 等于 $n t^{n - 1}$ ，其中 $n = 1$ 。

$2 \cdot 1$

解题步骤 4.1.4

将 $2$ 乘以 $1$ 。

$2$

解题步骤 4.2

将下限代入替换 $u_{1} = 2 t$ 中的 $t$ 。

$u_{lower} = 2 \cdot 0$

解题步骤 4.3

将 $2$ 乘以 $0$ 。

$u_{lower} = 0$

解题步骤 4.4

将上限代入替换 $u_{1} = 2 t$ 中的 $t$ 。

$u_{upper} = 2 π$

解题步骤 4.5

求得的 $u_{lower}$ 和 $u_{upper}$ 的值将用来计算定积分。

$u_{lower} = 0$

$u_{upper} = 2 π$

解题步骤 4.6

使用 $u_{1}$ 、 $d u_{1}$ 以及积分的新极限重写该问题。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1 - \cos (u_{1})}{2} {(\frac{1 + \cos (u_{1})}{2})}^{2} \frac{1}{2} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5

通过相乘进行化简。

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解题步骤 5.1

化简。

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解题步骤 5.1.1

将 $\frac{1}{2}$ 乘以 $\frac{1 - \cos (u_{1})}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1 - \cos (u_{1})}{2 \cdot 2} {(\frac{1 + \cos (u_{1})}{2})}^{2} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.1.2

将 $2$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1 - \cos (u_{1})}{4} {(\frac{1 + \cos (u_{1})}{2})}^{2} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.2

通过交换进行化简。

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解题步骤 5.2.1

将 $\frac{1 - \cos (u_{1})}{4}$ 重写为乘积形式。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{4} \cdot (1 - \cos (u_{1})) {(\frac{1 + \cos (u_{1})}{2})}^{2} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.2.2

将 $\frac{1 + \cos (u_{1})}{2}$ 重写为乘积形式。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{4} \cdot (1 - \cos (u_{1})) {(\frac{1}{2} \cdot (1 + \cos (u_{1})))}^{2} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3

展开 $\frac{1}{4} \cdot (1 - \cos (u_{1})) {(\frac{1}{2} \cdot (1 + \cos (u_{1})))}^{2}$ 。

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解题步骤 5.3.1

将幂重写为乘积形式。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{4} \cdot (1 - \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot (1 + \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot (1 + \cos (u_{1})))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.2

运用分配律。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} (\frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1}))) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot (1 + \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot (1 + \cos (u_{1})))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.3

运用分配律。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} (\frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1}))) ((\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot (1 + \cos (u_{1})))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.4

运用分配律。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} (\frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1}))) ((\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.5

运用分配律。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} (\frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1}))) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1})) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.6

运用分配律。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} (\frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1}))) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1})) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.7

运用分配律。

解题步骤 5.3.8

运用分配律。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1})) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1})) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.9

运用分配律。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1})) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.10

运用分配律。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1})) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.11

运用分配律。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1})) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.12

运用分配律。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.13

运用分配律。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.14

运用分配律。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.15

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 和 $1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.16

将 $\frac{1}{2}$ 和 $1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.17

将 $\frac{1}{2}$ 和 $1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2} (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2})) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.18

移动 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.19

移动括号。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{2}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.20

移动括号。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (1 \cdot 1) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.21

移动 $\frac{1}{4}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.22

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 和 $1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.23

将 $\frac{1}{2}$ 和 $1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.24

移动括号。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2}) \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.25

移动括号。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.26

移动 $\frac{1}{4}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.27

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 和 $1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.28

将 $\frac{1}{2}$ 和 $1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2})) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.29

移动 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2}) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.30

将 $\frac{1}{2}$ 和 $1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2}) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.31

移动括号。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1})) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.32

移动括号。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}) \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.33

移动 $\frac{1}{4}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.34

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 和 $1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.35

移动括号。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2}) \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.36

移动括号。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1})) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.37

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 和 $- 1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.38

将 $\frac{1}{2}$ 和 $1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.39

将 $\frac{1}{2}$ 和 $1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2} (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2})) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.40

移动 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.41

移动括号。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{2}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.42

移动括号。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (1 \cdot 1) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.43

移动 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.44

移动 $\frac{1}{4}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.45

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 和 $- 1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.46

将 $\frac{1}{2}$ 和 $1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.47

移动括号。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2}) \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.48

移动括号。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.49

移动 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.50

移动 $\frac{1}{4}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.51

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 和 $- 1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1)) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.52

将 $\frac{1}{2}$ 和 $1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2})) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.53

移动 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2}) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.54

将 $\frac{1}{2}$ 和 $1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2}) + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.55

移动括号。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1})) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.56

移动括号。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}) \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.57

移动 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.58

移动 $\frac{1}{4}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot (- \cos (u_{1})) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.59

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 和 $- 1$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}))) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.60

移动括号。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2}) \cdot \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.61

移动括号。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1})) \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.62

将 $1$ 乘以 $1$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.63

将 $1$ 乘以 $1$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.64

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 乘以 $1$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.65

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 乘以 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{4 \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.66

将 $4$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.67

将 $\frac{1}{8}$ 乘以 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{8 \cdot 2} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.68

将 $8$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.69

将 $1$ 乘以 $1$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.70

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 乘以 $1$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.71

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 乘以 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{1}{4 \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.72

将 $4$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{1}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.73

将 $\frac{1}{8}$ 乘以 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{1}{8 \cdot 2} \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.74

将 $8$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{1}{16} \cos (u_{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.75

组合 $\frac{1}{16}$ 和 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.76

将 $1$ 乘以 $1$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.77

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 乘以 $1$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.78

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 乘以 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{4 \cdot 2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.79

将 $4$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{8} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.80

组合 $\frac{1}{8}$ 和 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.81

将 $\frac{\cos (u_{1})}{8}$ 乘以 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{8 \cdot 2} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.82

将 $8$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.83

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 乘以 $1$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.84

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 乘以 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{4 \cdot 2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.85

将 $4$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{8} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.86

组合 $\frac{1}{8}$ 和 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.87

将 $\frac{\cos (u_{1})}{8}$ 乘以 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{8 \cdot 2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.88

将 $8$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.89

组合 $\frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16}$ 和 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1}) \cos (u_{1})}{16} - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.90

对 $\cos (u_{1})$ 进行 $1$ 次方运算。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{1} (u_{1}) \cos (u_{1})}{16} - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.91

对 $\cos (u_{1})$ 进行 $1$ 次方运算。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{1} (u_{1}) \cos^{1} (u_{1})}{16} - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.92

使用幂法则 $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ 合并指数。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{{\cos (u_{1})}^{1 + 1}}{16} - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.93

将 $1$ 和 $1$ 相加。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.94

将 $\frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16}$ 和 $\frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16}$ 相加。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + 2 \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.95

组合 $2$ 和 $\frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - 1 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.96

将 $- 1$ 乘以 $1$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.97

将 $- 1$ 乘以 $1$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.98

组合 $\frac{1}{4}$ 和 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.99

组合 $- \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{4}$ 和 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{4 \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.100

将 $4$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.101

组合 $- \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{8}$ 和 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{8 \cdot 2} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.102

将 $8$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.103

将 $- 1$ 乘以 $1$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.104

组合 $\frac{1}{4}$ 和 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.105

组合 $- \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{4}$ 和 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{4 \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.106

将 $4$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.107

组合 $- \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{8}$ 和 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{8 \cdot 2} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.108

将 $8$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} \cos (u_{1}) - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.109

组合 $\frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16}$ 和 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1}) \cos (u_{1})}{16} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.110

对 $\cos (u_{1})$ 进行 $1$ 次方运算。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{1} (u_{1}) \cos (u_{1})}{16} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.111

对 $\cos (u_{1})$ 进行 $1$ 次方运算。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{1} (u_{1}) \cos^{1} (u_{1})}{16} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.112

使用幂法则 $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ 合并指数。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{{\cos (u_{1})}^{1 + 1}}{16} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.113

将 $1$ 和 $1$ 相加。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - 1 \cdot 1 \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.114

将 $- 1$ 乘以 $1$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{1}{4} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.115

组合 $\frac{1}{4}$ 和 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.116

组合 $- \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{4}$ 和 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{4 \cdot 2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.117

将 $4$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{8} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.118

组合 $\frac{\cos (u_{1})}{8}$ 和 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1}) \cos (u_{1})}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.119

对 $\cos (u_{1})$ 进行 $1$ 次方运算。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{1} (u_{1}) \cos (u_{1})}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.120

对 $\cos (u_{1})$ 进行 $1$ 次方运算。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{1} (u_{1}) \cos^{1} (u_{1})}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.121

使用幂法则 $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ 合并指数。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{{\cos (u_{1})}^{1 + 1}}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.122

将 $1$ 和 $1$ 相加。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.123

组合 $- \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{8}$ 和 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{8 \cdot 2} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.124

将 $8$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - 1 (\frac{1}{4}) \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.125

组合 $\frac{1}{4}$ 和 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - 1 \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{4} \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.126

组合 $- 1 \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{4}$ 和 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{4}}{2} \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.127

组合 $\frac{- 1 \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{4}}{2}$ 和 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{4} \cos (u_{1})}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.128

组合 $\frac{\cos (u_{1})}{4}$ 和 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos (u_{1}) \cos (u_{1})}{4}}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.129

对 $\cos (u_{1})$ 进行 $1$ 次方运算。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{1} (u_{1}) \cos (u_{1})}{4}}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.130

对 $\cos (u_{1})$ 进行 $1$ 次方运算。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{1} (u_{1}) \cos^{1} (u_{1})}{4}}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.131

使用幂法则 $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ 合并指数。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{{\cos (u_{1})}^{1 + 1}}{4}}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.132

将 $1$ 和 $1$ 相加。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{4}}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.133

将 $\frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{4}}{2}$ 乘以 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{4}}{2 \cdot 2} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.134

将 $2$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.135

组合 $\frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{4}}{4}$ 和 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{4} \cos (u_{1})}{4} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.136

组合 $\frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{4}$ 和 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1}) \cos (u_{1})}{4}}{4} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.137

对 $\cos (u_{1})$ 进行 $1$ 次方运算。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1}) \cos^{1} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.138

使用幂法则 $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ 合并指数。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{{\cos (u_{1})}^{2 + 1}}{4}}{4} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.139

将 $2$ 和 $1$ 相加。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.140

从 $- \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16}$ 中减去 $\frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} - 2 \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.141

组合 $- 2$ 和 $\frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 2 \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.142

将 $\frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16}$ 和 $\frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16}$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 2 \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.143

将 $\frac{1}{16}$ 和 $\frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16}$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 2 \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.144

将 $\frac{- 2 \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16}$ 和 $\frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4}$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} + \frac{- 2 \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.145

移动 $- \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} + \frac{- 2 \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.146

移动 $\frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} + \frac{- 2 \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.147

移动 $\frac{1}{16}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} + \frac{- 2 \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.148

将 $\frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16}$ 和 $\frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4}$ 重新排序。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- 2 \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.149

在公分母上合并分子。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} + \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1}) - 2 \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.150

从 $\cos^{2} (u_{1})$ 中减去 $2 \cos^{2} (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} + \frac{- \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.151

在公分母上合并分子。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} + \frac{- \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{16} + \frac{2 \cos (u_{1}) - \cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.3.152

从 $2 \cos (u_{1})$ 中减去 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} + \frac{- \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.4

化简。

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解题步骤 5.4.1

将 $- 1 \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}$ 重写为 $- \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{- \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4} + \frac{- \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.4.2

将 $\frac{- \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}}{4}$ 重写为乘积形式。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} - \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{4} + \frac{- \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.4.3

将 $\frac{1}{4}$ 乘以 $\frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4}$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} - \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{4 \cdot 4} + \frac{- \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.4.4

将 $4$ 乘以 $4$ 。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} - \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{- \cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 5.4.5

将负号移到分数的前面。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} - \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{16} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} + \frac{1}{16} + \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 6

将单个积分拆分为多个积分。

$\int_{0}^{2 π} - \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 7

由于 $- 1$ 对于 $u_{1}$ 是常数，所以将 $- 1$ 移到积分外。

$- \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos^{3} (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 8

由于 $\frac{1}{16}$ 对于 $u_{1}$ 是常数，所以将 $\frac{1}{16}$ 移到积分外。

$- (\frac{1}{16} \int_{0}^{2 π} \cos^{3} (u_{1}) d u_{1}) + \int_{0}^{2 π} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 9

因式分解出 $\cos^{2} (u_{1})$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} \int_{0}^{2 π} \cos^{2} (u_{1}) \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 10

使用勾股定理，将 $\cos^{2} (u_{1})$ 重写成 $1 - \sin^{2} (u_{1})$ 的形式。

$- \frac{1}{16} \int_{0}^{2 π} (1 - \sin^{2} (u_{1})) \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 11

使 $u_{2} = \sin (u_{1})$ 。然后使 $d u_{2} = \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$ ，以便 $\frac{1}{\cos (u_{1})} d u_{2} = d u_{1}$ 。使用 $u_{2}$ 和 $d$ $u_{2}$ 进行重写。

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解题步骤 11.1

设 $u_{2} = \sin (u_{1})$ 。求 $\frac{d u_{2}}{d u_{1}}$ 。

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解题步骤 11.1.1

对 $\sin (u_{1})$ 求导。

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\sin (u_{1})]$

解题步骤 11.1.2

$\sin (u_{1})$ 对 $u_{1}$ 的导数为 $\cos (u_{1})$ 。

$\cos (u_{1})$

解题步骤 11.2

将下限代入替换 $u_{2} = \sin (u_{1})$ 中的 $u_{1}$ 。

$u_{lower} = \sin (0)$

解题步骤 11.3

$\sin (0)$ 的准确值为 $0$ 。

$u_{lower} = 0$

解题步骤 11.4

将上限代入替换 $u_{2} = \sin (u_{1})$ 中的 $u_{1}$ 。

$u_{upper} = \sin (2 π)$

解题步骤 11.5

化简。

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解题步骤 11.5.1

减去 $2 π$ 的全角，直至角度大于等于 $0$ 且小于 $2 π$ 。

$u_{upper} = \sin (0)$

解题步骤 11.5.2

$\sin (0)$ 的准确值为 $0$ 。

$u_{upper} = 0$

解题步骤 11.6

求得的 $u_{lower}$ 和 $u_{upper}$ 的值将用来计算定积分。

$u_{lower} = 0$

$u_{upper} = 0$

解题步骤 11.7

使用 $u_{2}$ 、 $d u_{2}$ 以及积分的新极限重写该问题。

$- \frac{1}{16} \int_{0}^{0} 1 - {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2} + \int_{0}^{2 π} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 12

将单个积分拆分为多个积分。

$- \frac{1}{16} (\int_{0}^{0} d u_{2} + \int_{0}^{0} - {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}) + \int_{0}^{2 π} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 13

应用常数不变法则。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} + \int_{0}^{0} - {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}) + \int_{0}^{2 π} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 14

由于 $- 1$ 对于 $u_{2}$ 是常数，所以将 $- 1$ 移到积分外。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} - \int_{0}^{0} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}) + \int_{0}^{2 π} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 15

根据幂法则， ${u_{2}}^{2}$ 对 $u_{2}$ 的积分是 $\frac{1}{3} {u_{2}}^{3}$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} - (\frac{1}{3} {u_{2}}^{3}]_{0}^{0})) + \int_{0}^{2 π} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 16

组合 $\frac{1}{3}$ 和 ${u_{2}}^{3}$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} - (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{0})) + \int_{0}^{2 π} - \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 17

由于 $- 1$ 对于 $u_{1}$ 是常数，所以将 $- 1$ 移到积分外。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} - (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{0})) - \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos^{2} (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 18

由于 $\frac{1}{16}$ 对于 $u_{1}$ 是常数，所以将 $\frac{1}{16}$ 移到积分外。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} - (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{0})) - (\frac{1}{16} \int_{0}^{2 π} \cos^{2} (u_{1}) d u_{1}) + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 19

使用半角公式将 $\frac{1 + \cos (2 u_{1})}{2}$ 重新书写为 $\cos^{2} (u_{1})$ 的形式。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} - (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{0})) - \frac{1}{16} \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1 + \cos (2 u_{1})}{2} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 20

由于 $\frac{1}{2}$ 对于 $u_{1}$ 是常数，所以将 $\frac{1}{2}$ 移到积分外。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} - (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{0})) - \frac{1}{16} (\frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{2 π} 1 + \cos (2 u_{1}) d u_{1}) + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 21

化简。

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解题步骤 21.1

将 $\frac{1}{2}$ 乘以 $\frac{1}{16}$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} - (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{0})) - \frac{1}{2 \cdot 16} \int_{0}^{2 π} 1 + \cos (2 u_{1}) d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 21.2

将 $2$ 乘以 $16$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} - (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{0})) - \frac{1}{32} \int_{0}^{2 π} 1 + \cos (2 u_{1}) d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 22

将单个积分拆分为多个积分。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} - (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{0})) - \frac{1}{32} (\int_{0}^{2 π} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \cos (2 u_{1}) d u_{1}) + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 23

应用常数不变法则。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} - (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{0})) - \frac{1}{32} (u_{1}]_{0}^{2 π} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \cos (2 u_{1}) d u_{1}) + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 24

使 $u_{3} = 2 u_{1}$ 。然后使 $d u_{3} = 2 d u_{1}$ ，以便 $\frac{1}{2} d u_{3} = d u_{1}$ 。使用 $u_{3}$ 和 $d$ $u_{3}$ 进行重写。

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解题步骤 24.1

设 $u_{3} = 2 u_{1}$ 。求 $\frac{d u_{3}}{d u_{1}}$ 。

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解题步骤 24.1.1

对 $2 u_{1}$ 求导。

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [2 u_{1}]$

解题步骤 24.1.2

因为 $2$ 对于 $u_{1}$ 是常数，所以 $2 u_{1}$ 对 $u_{1}$ 的导数是 $2 \frac{d}{d u_{1}} [u_{1}]$ 。

$2 \frac{d}{d u_{1}} [u_{1}]$

解题步骤 24.1.3

使用幂法则求微分，根据该法则， $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{n}]$ 等于 $n {u_{1}}^{n - 1}$ ，其中 $n = 1$ 。

$2 \cdot 1$

解题步骤 24.1.4

将 $2$ 乘以 $1$ 。

$2$

解题步骤 24.2

将下限代入替换 $u_{3} = 2 u_{1}$ 中的 $u_{1}$ 。

$u_{lower} = 2 \cdot 0$

解题步骤 24.3

将 $2$ 乘以 $0$ 。

$u_{lower} = 0$

解题步骤 24.4

将上限代入替换 $u_{3} = 2 u_{1}$ 中的 $u_{1}$ 。

$u_{upper} = 2 (2 π)$

解题步骤 24.5

将 $2$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$u_{upper} = 4 π$

解题步骤 24.6

求得的 $u_{lower}$ 和 $u_{upper}$ 的值将用来计算定积分。

$u_{lower} = 0$

$u_{upper} = 4 π$

解题步骤 24.7

使用 $u_{3}$ 、 $d u_{3}$ 以及积分的新极限重写该问题。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} - (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{0})) - \frac{1}{32} (u_{1}]_{0}^{2 π} + \int_{0}^{4 π} \cos (u_{3}) \frac{1}{2} d u_{3}) + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 25

组合 $\cos (u_{3})$ 和 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} - (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{0})) - \frac{1}{32} (u_{1}]_{0}^{2 π} + \int_{0}^{4 π} \frac{\cos (u_{3})}{2} d u_{3}) + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 26

由于 $\frac{1}{2}$ 对于 $u_{3}$ 是常数，所以将 $\frac{1}{2}$ 移到积分外。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} - (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{0})) - \frac{1}{32} (u_{1}]_{0}^{2 π} + \frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{4 π} \cos (u_{3}) d u_{3}) + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 27

$\cos (u_{3})$ 对 $u_{3}$ 的积分为 $\sin (u_{3})$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} - (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{0})) - \frac{1}{32} (u_{1}]_{0}^{2 π} + \frac{1}{2} \sin (u_{3})]_{0}^{4 π}) + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{1}{16} d u_{1} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 28

应用常数不变法则。

$- \frac{1}{16} (u_{2}]_{0}^{0} - (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{0})) - \frac{1}{32} (u_{1}]_{0}^{2 π} + \frac{1}{2} \sin (u_{3})]_{0}^{4 π}) + \frac{1}{16} u_{1}]_{0}^{2 π} + \int_{0}^{2 π} \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{16} d u_{1}$

解题步骤 29

由于 $\frac{1}{16}$ 对于 $u_{1}$ 是常数，所以将 $\frac{1}{16}$ 移到积分外。

解题步骤 30

$\cos (u_{1})$ 对 $u_{1}$ 的积分为 $\sin (u_{1})$ 。

解题步骤 31

代入并化简。

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解题步骤 31.1

计算 $u_{2}$ 在 $0$ 处和在 $0$ 处的值。

$- \frac{1}{16} ((0) + 0 - (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{0})) - \frac{1}{32} (u_{1}]_{0}^{2 π} + \frac{1}{2} \sin (u_{3})]_{0}^{4 π}) + \frac{1}{16} u_{1}]_{0}^{2 π} + \frac{1}{16} \sin (u_{1})]_{0}^{2 π}$

解题步骤 31.2

计算 $\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}$ 在 $0$ 处和在 $0$ 处的值。

$- \frac{1}{16} ((0) + 0 - ((\frac{0^{3}}{3}) - \frac{0^{3}}{3})) - \frac{1}{32} (u_{1}]_{0}^{2 π} + \frac{1}{2} \sin (u_{3})]_{0}^{4 π}) + \frac{1}{16} u_{1}]_{0}^{2 π} + \frac{1}{16} \sin (u_{1})]_{0}^{2 π}$

解题步骤 31.3

计算 $u_{1}$ 在 $2 π$ 处和在 $0$ 处的值。

$- \frac{1}{16} ((0) + 0 - ((\frac{0^{3}}{3}) - \frac{0^{3}}{3})) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} \sin (u_{3})]_{0}^{4 π}) + \frac{1}{16} u_{1}]_{0}^{2 π} + \frac{1}{16} \sin (u_{1})]_{0}^{2 π}$

解题步骤 31.4

计算 $\sin (u_{3})$ 在 $4 π$ 处和在 $0$ 处的值。

$- \frac{1}{16} ((0) + 0 - ((\frac{0^{3}}{3}) - \frac{0^{3}}{3})) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + \frac{1}{16} u_{1}]_{0}^{2 π} + \frac{1}{16} \sin (u_{1})]_{0}^{2 π}$

解题步骤 31.5

计算 $\frac{1}{16} u_{1}$ 在 $2 π$ 处和在 $0$ 处的值。

$- \frac{1}{16} ((0) + 0 - ((\frac{0^{3}}{3}) - \frac{0^{3}}{3})) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} \sin (u_{1})]_{0}^{2 π}$

解题步骤 31.6

计算 $\sin (u_{1})$ 在 $2 π$ 处和在 $0$ 处的值。

解题步骤 31.7

化简。

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解题步骤 31.7.1

将 $0$ 和 $0$ 相加。

$- \frac{1}{16} (0 - ((\frac{0^{3}}{3}) - \frac{0^{3}}{3})) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.2

对 $0$ 进行任意正数次方的运算均得到 $0$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} (0 - (\frac{0}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3})) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.3

约去 $0$ 和 $3$ 的公因数。

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解题步骤 31.7.3.1

从 $0$ 中分解出因数 $3$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} (0 - (\frac{3 (0)}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3})) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.3.2

约去公因数。

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解题步骤 31.7.3.2.1

从 $3$ 中分解出因数 $3$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} (0 - (\frac{3 \cdot 0}{3 \cdot 1} - \frac{0^{3}}{3})) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.3.2.2

约去公因数。

解题步骤 31.7.3.2.3

重写表达式。

$- \frac{1}{16} (0 - (\frac{0}{1} - \frac{0^{3}}{3})) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.3.2.4

用 $0$ 除以 $1$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} (0 - (0 - \frac{0^{3}}{3})) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.4

对 $0$ 进行任意正数次方的运算均得到 $0$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} (0 - (0 - \frac{0}{3})) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.5

约去 $0$ 和 $3$ 的公因数。

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解题步骤 31.7.5.1

从 $0$ 中分解出因数 $3$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} (0 - (0 - \frac{3 (0)}{3})) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.5.2

约去公因数。

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解题步骤 31.7.5.2.1

从 $3$ 中分解出因数 $3$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} (0 - (0 - \frac{3 \cdot 0}{3 \cdot 1})) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.5.2.2

约去公因数。

解题步骤 31.7.5.2.3

重写表达式。

$- \frac{1}{16} (0 - (0 - \frac{0}{1})) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.5.2.4

用 $0$ 除以 $1$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} (0 - (0 - 0)) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.6

将 $- 1$ 乘以 $0$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} (0 - (0 + 0)) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.7

将 $0$ 和 $0$ 相加。

$- \frac{1}{16} (0 - 0) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.8

将 $- 1$ 乘以 $0$ 。

$- \frac{1}{16} (0 + 0) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.9

将 $0$ 和 $0$ 相加。

$- \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.10

将 $0$ 乘以 $- 1$ 。

$0 (\frac{1}{16}) - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.11

将 $0$ 乘以 $\frac{1}{16}$ 。

$0 - \frac{1}{32} ((2 π) + 0 + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.12

将 $2 π$ 和 $0$ 相加。

$0 - \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{1}{2} ((\sin (4 π)) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.13

从 $0$ 中减去 $\frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{1}{2} (\sin (4 π) - \sin (0)))$ 。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{1}{2} (\sin (4 π) - \sin (0))) + (\frac{1}{16} (2 π)) - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.14

组合 $2$ 和 $\frac{1}{16}$ 。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{1}{2} (\sin (4 π) - \sin (0))) + \frac{2}{16} π - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.15

组合 $\frac{2}{16}$ 和 $π$ 。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{1}{2} (\sin (4 π) - \sin (0))) + \frac{2 π}{16} - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.16

约去 $2$ 和 $16$ 的公因数。

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解题步骤 31.7.16.1

从 $2 π$ 中分解出因数 $2$ 。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{1}{2} (\sin (4 π) - \sin (0))) + \frac{2 (π)}{16} - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.16.2

约去公因数。

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解题步骤 31.7.16.2.1

从 $16$ 中分解出因数 $2$ 。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{1}{2} (\sin (4 π) - \sin (0))) + \frac{2 π}{2 \cdot 8} - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.16.2.2

约去公因数。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{1}{2} (\sin (4 π) - \sin (0))) + \frac{2 π}{2 \cdot 8} - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.16.2.3

重写表达式。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{1}{2} (\sin (4 π) - \sin (0))) + \frac{π}{8} - \frac{1}{16} \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.17

将 $0$ 乘以 $- 1$ 。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{1}{2} (\sin (4 π) - \sin (0))) + \frac{π}{8} + 0 (\frac{1}{16}) + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.18

将 $0$ 乘以 $\frac{1}{16}$ 。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{1}{2} (\sin (4 π) - \sin (0))) + \frac{π}{8} + 0 + \frac{1}{16} ((\sin (2 π)) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 31.7.19

将 $\frac{π}{8}$ 和 $0$ 相加。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{1}{2} (\sin (4 π) - \sin (0))) + \frac{π}{8} + \frac{1}{16} (\sin (2 π) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 32

化简。

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解题步骤 32.1

$\sin (0)$ 的准确值为 $0$ 。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{1}{2} (\sin (4 π) - 0)) + \frac{π}{8} + \frac{1}{16} (\sin (2 π) - \sin (0))$

解题步骤 32.2

$\sin (0)$ 的准确值为 $0$ 。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{1}{2} (\sin (4 π) - 0)) + \frac{π}{8} + \frac{1}{16} (\sin (2 π) - 0)$

解题步骤 32.3

将 $- 1$ 乘以 $0$ 。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{1}{2} (\sin (4 π) + 0)) + \frac{π}{8} + \frac{1}{16} (\sin (2 π) - 0)$

解题步骤 32.4

将 $\sin (4 π)$ 和 $0$ 相加。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{1}{2} \sin (4 π)) + \frac{π}{8} + \frac{1}{16} (\sin (2 π) - 0)$

解题步骤 32.5

组合 $\frac{1}{2}$ 和 $\sin (4 π)$ 。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{\sin (4 π)}{2}) + \frac{π}{8} + \frac{1}{16} (\sin (2 π) - 0)$

解题步骤 32.6

将 $- 1$ 乘以 $0$ 。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{\sin (4 π)}{2}) + \frac{π}{8} + \frac{1}{16} (\sin (2 π) + 0)$

解题步骤 32.7

将 $\sin (2 π)$ 和 $0$ 相加。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{\sin (4 π)}{2}) + \frac{π}{8} + \frac{1}{16} \sin (2 π)$

解题步骤 32.8

组合 $\frac{1}{16}$ 和 $\sin (2 π)$ 。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{\sin (4 π)}{2}) + \frac{π}{8} + \frac{\sin (2 π)}{16}$

解题步骤 32.9

要将 $- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{\sin (4 π)}{2})$ 写成带有公分母的分数，请乘以 $\frac{16}{16}$ 。

$- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{\sin (4 π)}{2}) \cdot \frac{16}{16} + \frac{\sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 32.10

组合 $- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{\sin (4 π)}{2})$ 和 $\frac{16}{16}$ 。

$\frac{- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{\sin (4 π)}{2}) \cdot 16}{16} + \frac{\sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 32.11

在公分母上合并分子。

$\frac{- \frac{1}{32} (2 π + \frac{\sin (4 π)}{2}) \cdot 16 + \sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 32.12

将 $16$ 乘以 $- 1$ 。

$\frac{- 16 (\frac{1}{32}) (2 π + \frac{\sin (4 π)}{2}) + \sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 32.13

组合 $- 16$ 和 $\frac{1}{32}$ 。

$\frac{\frac{- 16}{32} (2 π + \frac{\sin (4 π)}{2}) + \sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 32.14

约去 $- 16$ 和 $32$ 的公因数。

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解题步骤 32.14.1

从 $- 16$ 中分解出因数 $16$ 。

$\frac{\frac{16 (- 1)}{32} (2 π + \frac{\sin (4 π)}{2}) + \sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 32.14.2

约去公因数。

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解题步骤 32.14.2.1

从 $32$ 中分解出因数 $16$ 。

$\frac{\frac{16 \cdot - 1}{16 \cdot 2} (2 π + \frac{\sin (4 π)}{2}) + \sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 32.14.2.2

约去公因数。

$\frac{\frac{16 \cdot - 1}{16 \cdot 2} (2 π + \frac{\sin (4 π)}{2}) + \sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 32.14.2.3

重写表达式。

$\frac{\frac{- 1}{2} (2 π + \frac{\sin (4 π)}{2}) + \sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 32.15

将负号移到分数的前面。

$\frac{- \frac{1}{2} (2 π + \frac{\sin (4 π)}{2}) + \sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 33

化简。

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解题步骤 33.1

化简每一项。

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解题步骤 33.1.1

化简分子。

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解题步骤 33.1.1.1

减去 $2 π$ 的全角，直至角度大于等于 $0$ 且小于 $2 π$ 。

$\frac{- \frac{1}{2} (2 π + \frac{\sin (0)}{2}) + \sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 33.1.1.2

$\sin (0)$ 的准确值为 $0$ 。

$\frac{- \frac{1}{2} (2 π + \frac{0}{2}) + \sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 33.1.2

用 $0$ 除以 $2$ 。

$\frac{- \frac{1}{2} (2 π + 0) + \sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 33.2

将 $2 π$ 和 $0$ 相加。

$\frac{- \frac{1}{2} (2 π) + \sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 33.3

约去 $2$ 的公因数。

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解题步骤 33.3.1

将 $- \frac{1}{2}$ 中前置负号移到分子中。

$\frac{\frac{- 1}{2} (2 π) + \sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 33.3.2

从 $2 π$ 中分解出因数 $2$ 。

$\frac{\frac{- 1}{2} (2 (π)) + \sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 33.3.3

约去公因数。

$\frac{\frac{- 1}{2} (2 π) + \sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 33.3.4

重写表达式。

$\frac{- π + \sin (2 π)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 33.4

化简分子。

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解题步骤 33.4.1

减去 $2 π$ 的全角，直至角度大于等于 $0$ 且小于 $2 π$ 。

$\frac{- π + \sin (0)}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 33.4.2

$\sin (0)$ 的准确值为 $0$ 。

$\frac{- π + 0}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 33.4.3

将 $- π$ 和 $0$ 相加。

$\frac{- π}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 33.5

将负号移到分数的前面。

$- \frac{π}{16} + \frac{π}{8}$

解题步骤 33.6

要将 $\frac{π}{8}$ 写成带有公分母的分数，请乘以 $\frac{2}{2}$ 。

$- \frac{π}{16} + \frac{π}{8} \cdot \frac{2}{2}$

解题步骤 33.7

通过与 $1$ 的合适因数相乘，将每一个表达式写成具有公分母 $16$ 的形式。

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解题步骤 33.7.1

将 $\frac{π}{8}$ 乘以 $\frac{2}{2}$ 。

$- \frac{π}{16} + \frac{π \cdot 2}{8 \cdot 2}$

解题步骤 33.7.2

将 $8$ 乘以 $2$ 。

$- \frac{π}{16} + \frac{π \cdot 2}{16}$

解题步骤 33.8

在公分母上合并分子。

$\frac{- π + π \cdot 2}{16}$

解题步骤 33.9

将 $- π$ 和 $π \cdot 2$ 相加。

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解题步骤 33.9.1

将 $π$ 和 $2$ 重新排序。

$\frac{- π + 2 \cdot π}{16}$

解题步骤 33.9.2

将 $- π$ 和 $2 \cdot π$ 相加。

$\frac{π}{16}$

解题步骤 34

结果可以多种形式表示。

恰当形式：

$\frac{π}{16}$

小数形式：

$0.19634954 \dots$

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