Trigonometry Examples

$2 \cos^{2} (x) + \sin (x) = 1$

Step 1

Subtract $1$ from both sides of the equation.

$2 \cos^{2} (x) + \sin (x) - 1 = 0$

Step 2

Simplify $2 \cos^{2} (x) + \sin (x) - 1$ .

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Step 2.1

Move $- 1$ .

$2 \cos^{2} (x) - 1 + \sin (x) = 0$

Step 2.2

Apply the cosine double-angle identity.

$\cos (2 x) + \sin (x) = 0$

Step 3

Use the double-angle identity to transform $\cos (2 x)$ to $1 - 2 \sin^{2} (x)$ .

$1 - 2 \sin^{2} (x) + \sin (x) = 0$

Step 4

Factor by grouping.

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Step 4.1

Reorder terms.

$- 2 \sin^{2} (x) + \sin (x) + 1 = 0$

Step 4.2

For a polynomial of the form $a x^{2} + b x + c$ , rewrite the middle term as a sum of two terms whose product is $a \cdot c = - 2 \cdot 1 = - 2$ and whose sum is $b = 1$ .

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Step 4.2.1

Multiply by $1$ .

$- 2 \sin^{2} (x) + 1 \sin (x) + 1 = 0$

Step 4.2.2

Rewrite $1$ as $- 1$ plus $2$

$- 2 \sin^{2} (x) + (- 1 + 2) \sin (x) + 1 = 0$

Step 4.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$- 2 \sin^{2} (x) - 1 \sin (x) + 2 \sin (x) + 1 = 0$

Step 4.3

Factor out the greatest common factor from each group.

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Step 4.3.1

Group the first two terms and the last two terms.

$- 2 \sin^{2} (x) - 1 \sin (x) + 2 \sin (x) + 1 = 0$

Step 4.3.2

Factor out the greatest common factor (GCF) from each group.

$\sin (x) (- 2 \sin (x) - 1) - (- 2 \sin (x) - 1) = 0$

Step 4.4

Factor the polynomial by factoring out the greatest common factor, $- 2 \sin (x) - 1$ .

$(- 2 \sin (x) - 1) (\sin (x) - 1) = 0$

Step 5

If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to $0$ , the entire expression will be equal to $0$ .

$- 2 \sin (x) - 1 = 0$

$\sin (x) - 1 = 0$

Step 6

Set $- 2 \sin (x) - 1$ equal to $0$ and solve for $x$ .

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Step 6.1

Set $- 2 \sin (x) - 1$ equal to $0$ .

$- 2 \sin (x) - 1 = 0$

Step 6.2

Solve $- 2 \sin (x) - 1 = 0$ for $x$ .

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Step 6.2.1

Add $1$ to both sides of the equation.

$- 2 \sin (x) = 1$

Step 6.2.2

Divide each term in $- 2 \sin (x) = 1$ by $- 2$ and simplify.

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Step 6.2.2.1

Divide each term in $- 2 \sin (x) = 1$ by $- 2$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sin (x)}{- 2} = \frac{1}{- 2}$

Step 6.2.2.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 6.2.2.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $- 2$ .

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Step 6.2.2.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 2 \sin (x)}{- 2} = \frac{1}{- 2}$

Step 6.2.2.2.1.2

Divide $\sin (x)$ by $1$ .

$\sin (x) = \frac{1}{- 2}$

Step 6.2.2.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 6.2.2.3.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\sin (x) = - \frac{1}{2}$

Step 6.2.3

Take the inverse sine of both sides of the equation to extract $x$ from inside the sine.

$x = \arcsin (- \frac{1}{2})$

Step 6.2.4

Simplify the right side.

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Step 6.2.4.1

The exact value of $\arcsin (- \frac{1}{2})$ is $- \frac{π}{6}$ .

$x = - \frac{π}{6}$

Step 6.2.5

The sine function is negative in the third and fourth quadrants. To find the second solution, subtract the solution from $2 π$ , to find a reference angle. Next, add this reference angle to $π$ to find the solution in the third quadrant.

$x = 2 π + \frac{π}{6} + π$

Step 6.2.6

Simplify the expression to find the second solution.

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Step 6.2.6.1

Subtract $2 π$ from $2 π + \frac{π}{6} + π$ .

$x = 2 π + \frac{π}{6} + π - 2 π$

Step 6.2.6.2

The resulting angle of $\frac{7 π}{6}$ is positive, less than $2 π$ , and coterminal with $2 π + \frac{π}{6} + π$ .

$x = \frac{7 π}{6}$

Step 6.2.7

Find the period of $\sin (x)$ .

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Step 6.2.7.1

The period of the function can be calculated using $\frac{2 π}{| b |}$ .

$\frac{2 π}{| b |}$

Step 6.2.7.2

Replace $b$ with $1$ in the formula for period.

$\frac{2 π}{| 1 |}$

Step 6.2.7.3

The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between $0$ and $1$ is $1$ .

$\frac{2 π}{1}$

Step 6.2.7.4

Divide $2 π$ by $1$ .

$2 π$

Step 6.2.8

Add $2 π$ to every negative angle to get positive angles.

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Step 6.2.8.1

Add $2 π$ to $- \frac{π}{6}$ to find the positive angle.

$- \frac{π}{6} + 2 π$

Step 6.2.8.2

To write $2 π$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{6}{6}$ .

$2 π \cdot \frac{6}{6} - \frac{π}{6}$

Step 6.2.8.3

Combine fractions.

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Step 6.2.8.3.1

Combine $2 π$ and $\frac{6}{6}$ .

$\frac{2 π \cdot 6}{6} - \frac{π}{6}$

Step 6.2.8.3.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{2 π \cdot 6 - π}{6}$

Step 6.2.8.4

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 6.2.8.4.1

Multiply $6$ by $2$ .

$\frac{12 π - π}{6}$

Step 6.2.8.4.2

Subtract $π$ from $12 π$ .

$\frac{11 π}{6}$

Step 6.2.8.5

List the new angles.

$x = \frac{11 π}{6}$

Step 6.2.9

The period of the $\sin (x)$ function is $2 π$ so values will repeat every $2 π$ radians in both directions.

$x = \frac{7 π}{6} + 2 π n, \frac{11 π}{6} + 2 π n$ , for any integer $n$

Step 7

Set $\sin (x) - 1$ equal to $0$ and solve for $x$ .

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Step 7.1

Set $\sin (x) - 1$ equal to $0$ .

$\sin (x) - 1 = 0$

Step 7.2

Solve $\sin (x) - 1 = 0$ for $x$ .

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Step 7.2.1

Add $1$ to both sides of the equation.

$\sin (x) = 1$

Step 7.2.2

Take the inverse sine of both sides of the equation to extract $x$ from inside the sine.

$x = \arcsin (1)$

Step 7.2.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 7.2.3.1

The exact value of $\arcsin (1)$ is $\frac{π}{2}$ .

$x = \frac{π}{2}$

Step 7.2.4

The sine function is positive in the first and second quadrants. To find the second solution, subtract the reference angle from $π$ to find the solution in the second quadrant.

$x = π - \frac{π}{2}$

Step 7.2.5

Simplify $π - \frac{π}{2}$ .

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Step 7.2.5.1

To write $π$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$x = π \cdot \frac{2}{2} - \frac{π}{2}$

Step 7.2.5.2

Combine fractions.

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Step 7.2.5.2.1

Combine $π$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$x = \frac{π \cdot 2}{2} - \frac{π}{2}$

Step 7.2.5.2.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$x = \frac{π \cdot 2 - π}{2}$

Step 7.2.5.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.2.5.3.1

Move $2$ to the left of $π$ .

$x = \frac{2 \cdot π - π}{2}$

Step 7.2.5.3.2

Subtract $π$ from $2 π$ .

$x = \frac{π}{2}$

Step 7.2.6

Find the period of $\sin (x)$ .

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Step 7.2.6.1

The period of the function can be calculated using $\frac{2 π}{| b |}$ .

$\frac{2 π}{| b |}$

Step 7.2.6.2

Replace $b$ with $1$ in the formula for period.

$\frac{2 π}{| 1 |}$

Step 7.2.6.3

The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between $0$ and $1$ is $1$ .

$\frac{2 π}{1}$

Step 7.2.6.4

Divide $2 π$ by $1$ .

$2 π$

Step 7.2.7

The period of the $\sin (x)$ function is $2 π$ so values will repeat every $2 π$ radians in both directions.

$x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 π n$ , for any integer $n$

Step 8

The final solution is all the values that make $(- 2 \sin (x) - 1) (\sin (x) - 1) = 0$ true.

$x = \frac{7 π}{6} + 2 π n, \frac{11 π}{6} + 2 π n, \frac{π}{2} + 2 π n$ , for any integer $n$

Step 9

Consolidate the answers.

$x = \frac{π}{2} + \frac{2 π n}{3}$ , for any integer $n$