Trigonometry Examples

${(- \sqrt{3} + i)}^{6}$

Step 1

Use the Binomial Theorem.

${(- \sqrt{3})}^{6} + 6 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{5} i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2

Simplify terms.

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Step 2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.1.1

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3}$ .

${(- 1)}^{6} {\sqrt{3}}^{6} + 6 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{5} i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.2

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $6$ .

$1 {\sqrt{3}}^{6} + 6 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{5} i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.3

Multiply ${\sqrt{3}}^{6}$ by $1$ .

${\sqrt{3}}^{6} + 6 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{5} i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.4

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{6}$ as $3^{3}$ .

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Step 2.1.4.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3}$ as $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

${(3^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{6} + 6 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{5} i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.4.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$3^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 6} + 6 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{5} i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.4.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $6$ .

$3^{\frac{6}{2}} + 6 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{5} i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.4.4

Cancel the common factor of $6$ and $2$ .

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Step 2.1.4.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $6$ .

$3^{\frac{2 \cdot 3}{2}} + 6 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{5} i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.4.4.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.1.4.4.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$3^{\frac{2 \cdot 3}{2 (1)}} + 6 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{5} i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.4.4.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$3^{\frac{2 \cdot 3}{2 \cdot 1}} + 6 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{5} i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.4.4.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$3^{\frac{3}{1}} + 6 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{5} i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.4.4.2.4

Divide $3$ by $1$ .

$3^{3} + 6 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{5} i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.5

Raise $3$ to the power of $3$ .

$27 + 6 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{5} i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.6

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3}$ .

$27 + 6 ({(- 1)}^{5} {\sqrt{3}}^{5}) i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.7

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $5$ .

$27 + 6 (- {\sqrt{3}}^{5}) i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.8

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{5}$ as $\sqrt{3^{5}}$ .

$27 + 6 (- \sqrt{3^{5}}) i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.9

Raise $3$ to the power of $5$ .

$27 + 6 (- \sqrt{243}) i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.10

Rewrite $243$ as $9^{2} \cdot 3$ .

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Step 2.1.10.1

Factor $81$ out of $243$ .

$27 + 6 (- \sqrt{81 (3)}) i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.10.2

Rewrite $81$ as $9^{2}$ .

$27 + 6 (- \sqrt{9^{2} \cdot 3}) i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.11

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$27 + 6 (- (9 \sqrt{3})) i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.12

Multiply $9$ by $- 1$ .

$27 + 6 (- 9 \sqrt{3}) i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.13

Multiply $- 9$ by $6$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.14

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3}$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i + 15 ({(- 1)}^{4} {\sqrt{3}}^{4}) i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.15

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $4$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i + 15 (1 {\sqrt{3}}^{4}) i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.16

Multiply ${\sqrt{3}}^{4}$ by $1$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i + 15 {\sqrt{3}}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.17

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{4}$ as $3^{2}$ .

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Step 2.1.17.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3}$ as $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i + 15 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.17.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i + 15 \cdot 3^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 4} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.17.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $4$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i + 15 \cdot 3^{\frac{4}{2}} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.17.4

Cancel the common factor of $4$ and $2$ .

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Step 2.1.17.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i + 15 \cdot 3^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2}} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.17.4.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.1.17.4.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i + 15 \cdot 3^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 (1)}} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.17.4.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i + 15 \cdot 3^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 \cdot 1}} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.17.4.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i + 15 \cdot 3^{\frac{2}{1}} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.17.4.2.4

Divide $2$ by $1$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i + 15 \cdot 3^{2} i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.18

Raise $3$ to the power of $2$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i + 15 \cdot 9 i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.19

Multiply $15$ by $9$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i + 135 i^{2} + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.20

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i + 135 \cdot - 1 + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.21

Multiply $135$ by $- 1$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 20 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.22

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3}$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 20 ({(- 1)}^{3} {\sqrt{3}}^{3}) i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.23

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $3$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 20 (- {\sqrt{3}}^{3}) i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.24

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{3}$ as $\sqrt{3^{3}}$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 20 (- \sqrt{3^{3}}) i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.25

Raise $3$ to the power of $3$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 20 (- \sqrt{27}) i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.26

Rewrite $27$ as $3^{2} \cdot 3$ .

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Step 2.1.26.1

Factor $9$ out of $27$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 20 (- \sqrt{9 (3)}) i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.26.2

Rewrite $9$ as $3^{2}$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 20 (- \sqrt{3^{2} \cdot 3}) i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.27

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 20 (- (3 \sqrt{3})) i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.28

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 20 (- 3 \sqrt{3}) i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.29

Multiply $- 3$ by $20$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 - 60 \sqrt{3} i^{3} + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.30

Factor out $i^{2}$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 - 60 \sqrt{3} (i^{2} \cdot i) + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.31

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 - 60 \sqrt{3} (- 1 \cdot i) + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.32

Rewrite $- 1 i$ as $- i$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 - 60 \sqrt{3} (- i) + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.33

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 60$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 15 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.34

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3}$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 15 ({(- 1)}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2}) i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.35

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 15 (1 {\sqrt{3}}^{2}) i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.36

Multiply ${\sqrt{3}}^{2}$ by $1$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 15 {\sqrt{3}}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.37

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{2}$ as $3$ .

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Step 2.1.37.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3}$ as $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 15 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.37.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 15 \cdot 3^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.37.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 15 \cdot 3^{\frac{2}{2}} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.37.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.1.37.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 15 \cdot 3^{\frac{2}{2}} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.37.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 15 \cdot 3^{1} i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.37.5

Evaluate the exponent.

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 15 \cdot 3 i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.38

Multiply $15$ by $3$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 i^{4} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.39

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Step 2.1.39.1

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 {(i^{2})}^{2} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.39.2

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 {(- 1)}^{2} + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.39.3

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 \cdot 1 + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.40

Multiply $45$ by $1$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 + 6 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.41

Multiply $- 1$ by $6$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 - 6 \sqrt{3} i^{5} + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.42

Factor out $i^{4}$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 - 6 \sqrt{3} (i^{4} i) + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.43

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Step 2.1.43.1

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 - 6 \sqrt{3} ({(i^{2})}^{2} i) + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.43.2

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 - 6 \sqrt{3} ({(- 1)}^{2} i) + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.43.3

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 - 6 \sqrt{3} (1 i) + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.44

Multiply $i$ by $1$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 - 6 \sqrt{3} i + i^{6}$

Step 2.1.45

Factor out $i^{4}$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 - 6 \sqrt{3} i + i^{4} i^{2}$

Step 2.1.46

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Step 2.1.46.1

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 - 6 \sqrt{3} i + {(i^{2})}^{2} i^{2}$

Step 2.1.46.2

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 - 6 \sqrt{3} i + {(- 1)}^{2} i^{2}$

Step 2.1.46.3

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 - 6 \sqrt{3} i + 1 i^{2}$

Step 2.1.47

Multiply $i^{2}$ by $1$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 - 6 \sqrt{3} i + i^{2}$

Step 2.1.48

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$27 - 54 \sqrt{3} i - 135 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 - 6 \sqrt{3} i - 1$

Step 2.2

Simplify by adding terms.

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Step 2.2.1

Subtract $135$ from $27$ .

$- 54 \sqrt{3} i - 108 + 60 \sqrt{3} i + 45 - 6 \sqrt{3} i - 1$

Step 2.2.2

Add $- 54 \sqrt{3} i$ and $60 \sqrt{3} i$ .

$6 \sqrt{3} i - 108 + 45 - 6 \sqrt{3} i - 1$

Step 2.2.3

Subtract $6 \sqrt{3} i$ from $6 \sqrt{3} i$ .

$0 - 108 + 45 - 1$

Step 2.2.4

Simplify by adding and subtracting.

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Step 2.2.4.1

Subtract $108$ from $0$ .

$- 108 + 45 - 1$

Step 2.2.4.2

Add $- 108$ and $45$ .

$- 63 - 1$

Step 2.2.4.3

Subtract $1$ from $- 63$ .

$- 64$