Trigonometry Examples

$\frac{e^{- \frac{π}{3} \cdot i}}{{(- \sqrt{3} + i)}^{5}}$

Step 1

Combine $i$ and $\frac{π}{3}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{{(- \sqrt{3} + i)}^{5}}$

Step 2

Simplify ${(- \sqrt{3} + i)}^{5}$ .

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Step 2.1

Use the Binomial Theorem.

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{{(- \sqrt{3})}^{5} + 5 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.2.1

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{{(- 1)}^{5} {\sqrt{3}}^{5} + 5 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.2

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $5$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- {\sqrt{3}}^{5} + 5 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.3

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{5}$ as $\sqrt{3^{5}}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- \sqrt{3^{5}} + 5 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.4

Raise $3$ to the power of $5$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- \sqrt{243} + 5 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.5

Rewrite $243$ as $9^{2} \cdot 3$ .

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Step 2.2.5.1

Factor $81$ out of $243$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- \sqrt{81 (3)} + 5 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.5.2

Rewrite $81$ as $9^{2}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- \sqrt{9^{2} \cdot 3} + 5 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.6

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- (9 \sqrt{3}) + 5 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.7

Multiply $9$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 5 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.8

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 5 ({(- 1)}^{4} {\sqrt{3}}^{4}) i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.9

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $4$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 5 (1 {\sqrt{3}}^{4}) i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.10

Multiply ${\sqrt{3}}^{4}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 5 {\sqrt{3}}^{4} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.11

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{4}$ as $3^{2}$ .

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Step 2.2.11.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3}$ as $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 5 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{4} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.11.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 5 \cdot 3^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 4} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.11.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $4$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 5 \cdot 3^{\frac{4}{2}} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.11.4

Cancel the common factor of $4$ and $2$ .

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Step 2.2.11.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 5 \cdot 3^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2}} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.11.4.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.2.11.4.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 5 \cdot 3^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 (1)}} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.11.4.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 5 \cdot 3^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 \cdot 1}} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.11.4.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 5 \cdot 3^{\frac{2}{1}} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.11.4.2.4

Divide $2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 5 \cdot 3^{2} i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.12

Raise $3$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 5 \cdot 9 i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.13

Multiply $5$ by $9$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.14

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 10 ({(- 1)}^{3} {\sqrt{3}}^{3}) i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.15

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 10 (- {\sqrt{3}}^{3}) i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.16

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{3}$ as $\sqrt{3^{3}}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 10 (- \sqrt{3^{3}}) i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.17

Raise $3$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 10 (- \sqrt{27}) i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.18

Rewrite $27$ as $3^{2} \cdot 3$ .

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Step 2.2.18.1

Factor $9$ out of $27$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 10 (- \sqrt{9 (3)}) i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.18.2

Rewrite $9$ as $3^{2}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 10 (- \sqrt{3^{2} \cdot 3}) i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.19

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 10 (- (3 \sqrt{3})) i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.20

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 10 (- 3 \sqrt{3}) i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.21

Multiply $- 3$ by $10$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i - 30 \sqrt{3} i^{2} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.22

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i - 30 \sqrt{3} \cdot - 1 + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.23

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 30$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} + 10 {(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.24

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} + 10 ({(- 1)}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2}) i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.25

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} + 10 (1 {\sqrt{3}}^{2}) i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.26

Multiply ${\sqrt{3}}^{2}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} + 10 {\sqrt{3}}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.27

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{2}$ as $3$ .

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Step 2.2.27.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3}$ as $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} + 10 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.27.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} + 10 \cdot 3^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.27.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} + 10 \cdot 3^{\frac{2}{2}} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.27.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.2.27.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} + 10 \cdot 3^{\frac{2}{2}} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.27.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} + 10 \cdot 3^{1} i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.27.5

Evaluate the exponent.

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} + 10 \cdot 3 i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.28

Multiply $10$ by $3$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} + 30 i^{3} + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.29

Factor out $i^{2}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} + 30 (i^{2} \cdot i) + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.30

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} + 30 (- 1 \cdot i) + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.31

Rewrite $- 1 i$ as $- i$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} + 30 (- i) + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.32

Multiply $- 1$ by $30$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} - 30 i + 5 (- \sqrt{3}) i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.33

Multiply $- 1$ by $5$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} - 30 i - 5 \sqrt{3} i^{4} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.34

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Step 2.2.34.1

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} - 30 i - 5 \sqrt{3} {(i^{2})}^{2} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.34.2

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} - 30 i - 5 \sqrt{3} {(- 1)}^{2} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.34.3

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} - 30 i - 5 \sqrt{3} \cdot 1 + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.35

Multiply $- 5$ by $1$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} - 30 i - 5 \sqrt{3} + i^{5}}$

Step 2.2.36

Factor out $i^{4}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} - 30 i - 5 \sqrt{3} + i^{4} i}$

Step 2.2.37

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Step 2.2.37.1

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} - 30 i - 5 \sqrt{3} + {(i^{2})}^{2} i}$

Step 2.2.37.2

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} - 30 i - 5 \sqrt{3} + {(- 1)}^{2} i}$

Step 2.2.37.3

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} - 30 i - 5 \sqrt{3} + 1 i}$

Step 2.2.38

Multiply $i$ by $1$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{- 9 \sqrt{3} + 45 i + 30 \sqrt{3} - 30 i - 5 \sqrt{3} + i}$

Step 2.3

Add $- 9 \sqrt{3}$ and $30 \sqrt{3}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{45 i + 21 \sqrt{3} - 30 i - 5 \sqrt{3} + i}$

Step 2.4

Subtract $30 i$ from $45 i$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{15 i + 21 \sqrt{3} - 5 \sqrt{3} + i}$

Step 2.5

Add $15 i$ and $i$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{16 i + 21 \sqrt{3} - 5 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.6

Subtract $5 \sqrt{3}$ from $21 \sqrt{3}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{16 i + 16 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.7

Reorder $16 i$ and $16 \sqrt{3}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{16 \sqrt{3} + 16 i}$

Step 3

Factor $16$ out of $16 \sqrt{3} + 16 i$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{16 (\sqrt{3} + i)}$

Step 4

Multiply $\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{16 (\sqrt{3} + i)}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{3} - i}{\sqrt{3} - i}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{16 (\sqrt{3} + i)} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{3} - i}{\sqrt{3} - i}$

Step 5

Multiply $\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}}}{16 (\sqrt{3} + i)}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{3} - i}{\sqrt{3} - i}$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}} (\sqrt{3} - i)}{16 (\sqrt{3} + i) (\sqrt{3} - i)}$

Step 6

Simplify the expression.

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Step 6.1

Move $\sqrt{3} + i$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}} (\sqrt{3} - i)}{16 ((\sqrt{3} + i) (\sqrt{3} - i))}$

Step 6.2

Expand the denominator using the FOIL method.

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}} (\sqrt{3} - i)}{16 ({\sqrt{3}}^{2} + \sqrt{3} (- i) + i \sqrt{3} - i^{2})}$

Step 6.3

Simplify.

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}} (\sqrt{3} - i)}{16 \cdot 4}$

Step 6.4

Multiply $16$ by $4$ .

$\frac{e^{- \frac{i π}{3}} (\sqrt{3} - i)}{64}$