Trigonometry Examples

$\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}$

Step 1

Interchange the variables.

$x = \frac{\sec (y) + \tan (y) \csc (y)}{\tan (y)}$

Step 2

Solve for $y$ .

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Step 2.1

Rewrite the equation as $\frac{\sec (y) + \tan (y) \csc (y)}{\tan (y)} = x$ .

$\frac{\sec (y) + \tan (y) \csc (y)}{\tan (y)} = x$

Step 2.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 2.2.1

Simplify $\frac{\sec (y) + \tan (y) \csc (y)}{\tan (y)}$ .

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Step 2.2.1.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 2.2.1.1.1

Rewrite in terms of sines and cosines, then cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.2.1.1.1.1

Rewrite $\tan (y) \csc (y)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$\frac{\sec (y) + \frac{\sin (y)}{\cos (y)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sin (y)}}{\tan (y)} = x$

Step 2.2.1.1.1.2

Cancel the common factors.

$\frac{\sec (y) + \frac{1}{\cos (y)}}{\tan (y)} = x$

Step 2.2.1.1.2

Convert from $\frac{1}{\cos (y)}$ to $\sec (y)$ .

$\frac{\sec (y) + \sec (y)}{\tan (y)} = x$

Step 2.2.1.1.3

Add $\sec (y)$ and $\sec (y)$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (y)}{\tan (y)} = x$

Step 2.2.1.2

Separate fractions.

$\frac{2}{1} \cdot \frac{\sec (y)}{\tan (y)} = x$

Step 2.2.1.3

Rewrite $\tan (y)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$\frac{2}{1} \cdot \frac{\sec (y)}{\frac{\sin (y)}{\cos (y)}} = x$

Step 2.2.1.4

Rewrite $\sec (y)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$\frac{2}{1} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{\cos (y)}}{\frac{\sin (y)}{\cos (y)}} = x$

Step 2.2.1.5

Multiply by the reciprocal of the fraction to divide by $\frac{\sin (y)}{\cos (y)}$ .

$\frac{2}{1} (\frac{1}{\cos (y)} \cdot \frac{\cos (y)}{\sin (y)}) = x$

Step 2.2.1.6

Cancel the common factor of $\cos (y)$ .

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Step 2.2.1.6.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2}{1} (\frac{1}{\cos (y)} \cdot \frac{\cos (y)}{\sin (y)}) = x$

Step 2.2.1.6.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{2}{1} \cdot \frac{1}{\sin (y)} = x$

Step 2.2.1.7

Convert from $\frac{1}{\sin (y)}$ to $\csc (y)$ .

$\frac{2}{1} \csc (y) = x$

Step 2.2.1.8

Divide $2$ by $1$ .

$2 \csc (y) = x$

Step 2.3

Divide each term in $2 \csc (y) = x$ by $2$ and simplify.

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Step 2.3.1

Divide each term in $2 \csc (y) = x$ by $2$ .

$\frac{2 \csc (y)}{2} = \frac{x}{2}$

Step 2.3.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 2.3.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.3.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 \csc (y)}{2} = \frac{x}{2}$

Step 2.3.2.1.2

Divide $\csc (y)$ by $1$ .

$\csc (y) = \frac{x}{2}$

Step 2.4

Take the inverse cosecant of both sides of the equation to extract $y$ from inside the cosecant.

$y = arccsc (\frac{x}{2})$

Step 3

Replace $y$ with $f^{- 1} (x)$ to show the final answer.

$f^{- 1} (x) = arccsc (\frac{x}{2})$

Step 4

Verify if $f^{- 1} (x) = arccsc (\frac{x}{2})$ is the inverse of $f (x) = \frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}$ .

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Step 4.1

To verify the inverse, check if $f^{- 1} (f (x)) = x$ and $f (f^{- 1} (x)) = x$ .

Step 4.2

Evaluate $f^{- 1} (f (x))$ .

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Step 4.2.1

Set up the composite result function.

$f^{- 1} (f (x))$

Step 4.2.2

Evaluate $f^{- 1} (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)})$ by substituting in the value of $f$ into $f^{- 1}$ .

$f^{- 1} (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}) = arccsc (\frac{\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}}{2})$

Step 4.2.3

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$f^{- 1} (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}) = arccsc (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)} \cdot \frac{1}{2})$

Step 4.2.4

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.2.4.1

Rewrite in terms of sines and cosines, then cancel the common factors.

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Step 4.2.4.1.1

Rewrite $\tan (x) \csc (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$f^{- 1} (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}) = arccsc (\frac{\sec (x) + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sin (x)}}{\tan (x)} \cdot \frac{1}{2})$

Step 4.2.4.1.2

Cancel the common factors.

$f^{- 1} (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}) = arccsc (\frac{\sec (x) + \frac{1}{\cos (x)}}{\tan (x)} \cdot \frac{1}{2})$

Step 4.2.4.2

Convert from $\frac{1}{\cos (x)}$ to $\sec (x)$ .

$f^{- 1} (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}) = arccsc (\frac{\sec (x) + \sec (x)}{\tan (x)} \cdot \frac{1}{2})$

Step 4.2.4.3

Add $\sec (x)$ and $\sec (x)$ .

$f^{- 1} (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}) = arccsc (\frac{2 \sec (x)}{\tan (x)} \cdot \frac{1}{2})$

Step 4.2.5

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 4.2.5.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 \sec (x)$ .

$f^{- 1} (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}) = arccsc (\frac{2 (\sec (x))}{\tan (x)} \cdot \frac{1}{2})$

Step 4.2.5.2

Cancel the common factor.

$f^{- 1} (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}) = arccsc (\frac{2 \sec (x)}{\tan (x)} \cdot \frac{1}{2})$

Step 4.2.5.3

Rewrite the expression.

$f^{- 1} (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}) = arccsc (\frac{\sec (x)}{\tan (x)})$

Step 4.2.6

Rewrite $\tan (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$f^{- 1} (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}) = arccsc (\frac{\sec (x)}{\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}})$

Step 4.2.7

Rewrite $\sec (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$f^{- 1} (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}) = arccsc (\frac{\frac{1}{\cos (x)}}{\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}})$

Step 4.2.8

Multiply by the reciprocal of the fraction to divide by $\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}$ .

$f^{- 1} (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}) = arccsc (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} \cdot \frac{\cos (x)}{\sin (x)})$

Step 4.2.9

Cancel the common factor of $\cos (x)$ .

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Step 4.2.9.1

Cancel the common factor.

$f^{- 1} (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}) = arccsc (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} \cdot \frac{\cos (x)}{\sin (x)})$

Step 4.2.9.2

Rewrite the expression.

$f^{- 1} (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}) = arccsc (\frac{1}{\sin (x)})$

Step 4.2.10

Convert from $\frac{1}{\sin (x)}$ to $\csc (x)$ .

$f^{- 1} (\frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}) = arccsc (\csc (x))$

Step 4.3

Evaluate $f (f^{- 1} (x))$ .

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Step 4.3.1

Set up the composite result function.

$f (f^{- 1} (x))$

Step 4.3.2

Evaluate $f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))$ by substituting in the value of $f^{- 1}$ into $f$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\sec (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.3.3.1

Draw a triangle in the plane with vertices $(\sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1^{2}}, 1)$ , $(\sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1^{2}}, 0)$ , and the origin. Then $arccsc (\frac{x}{2})$ is the angle between the positive x-axis and the ray beginning at the origin and passing through $(\sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1^{2}}, 1)$ . Therefore, $\sec (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))$ is $\frac{\frac{x}{2}}{\sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1}}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{\frac{x}{2}}{\sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.2

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.3

Combine.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \cdot 1}{2 \sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.4

Multiply $x$ by $1$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2 \sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.5

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 4.3.3.5.1

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2 \sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1^{2}}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.5.2

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = \frac{x}{2}$ and $b = 1$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2 \sqrt{(\frac{x}{2} + 1) (\frac{x}{2} - 1)}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.5.3

Simplify.

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Step 4.3.3.5.3.1

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2 \sqrt{(\frac{x}{2} + \frac{2}{2}) (\frac{x}{2} - 1)}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.5.3.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{x + 2}{2} \cdot (\frac{x}{2} - 1)}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.5.3.3

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{x + 2}{2} \cdot (\frac{x}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2})}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.5.3.4

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{x + 2}{2} \cdot (\frac{x}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2})}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.5.3.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{x + 2}{2} \cdot \frac{x - 1 \cdot 2}{2}}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.5.3.6

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{x + 2}{2} \cdot \frac{x - 2}{2}}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.5.4

Multiply $\frac{x + 2}{2}$ by $\frac{x - 2}{2}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{(x + 2) (x - 2)}{2 \cdot 2}}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.5.5

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{(x + 2) (x - 2)}{4}}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.5.6

Rewrite $\frac{(x + 2) (x - 2)}{4}$ as ${(\frac{1}{2})}^{2} ((x + 2) (x - 2))$ .

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Step 4.3.3.5.6.1

Factor the perfect power $1^{2}$ out of $(x + 2) (x - 2)$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{1^{2} ((x + 2) (x - 2))}{4}}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.5.6.2

Factor the perfect power $2^{2}$ out of $4$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{1^{2} ((x + 2) (x - 2))}{2^{2} \cdot 1}}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.5.6.3

Rearrange the fraction $\frac{1^{2} ((x + 2) (x - 2))}{2^{2} \cdot 1}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2 \sqrt{{(\frac{1}{2})}^{2} ((x + 2) (x - 2))}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.5.7

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)})} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.5.8

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{2 (\frac{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{2})} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.6

Combine $2$ and $\frac{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{2}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{2}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.7

Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.

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Step 4.3.3.7.1

Reduce the expression $\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{2}$ by cancelling the common factors.

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Step 4.3.3.7.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{2}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.7.1.2

Rewrite the expression.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{\frac{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{1}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.7.2

Divide $\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ by $1$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.8

Multiply $\frac{x}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.9

Combine and simplify the denominator.

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Step 4.3.3.9.1

Multiply $\frac{x}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)} \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.9.2

Raise $\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ to the power of $1$ .

Step 4.3.3.9.3

Raise $\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ to the power of $1$ .

Step 4.3.3.9.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}^{1 + 1}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.9.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}^{2}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.9.6

Rewrite ${\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}^{2}$ as $(x + 2) (x - 2)$ .

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Step 4.3.3.9.6.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ as ${((x + 2) (x - 2))}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{({((x + 2) (x - 2))}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.9.6.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{((x + 2) (x - 2))}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.9.6.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{((x + 2) (x - 2))}^{\frac{2}{2}}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.9.6.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 4.3.3.9.6.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{((x + 2) (x - 2))}^{\frac{2}{2}}} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.9.6.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.9.6.5

Simplify.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.10

Rewrite in terms of sines and cosines, then cancel the common factors.

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Step 4.3.3.10.1

Rewrite $\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) \csc (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{\sin (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\cos (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))} \cdot \frac{1}{\sin (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.10.2

Cancel the common factors.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{1}{\cos (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.11

Convert from $\frac{1}{\cos (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$ to $\sec (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \sec (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.12

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{\frac{x}{2}}{\sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.13

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.14

Combine.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x \cdot 1}{2 \sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.15

Multiply $x$ by $1$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2 \sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.16

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 4.3.3.16.1

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2 \sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1^{2}}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.16.2

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = \frac{x}{2}$ and $b = 1$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2 \sqrt{(\frac{x}{2} + 1) (\frac{x}{2} - 1)}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.16.3

Simplify.

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Step 4.3.3.16.3.1

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2 \sqrt{(\frac{x}{2} + \frac{2}{2}) (\frac{x}{2} - 1)}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.16.3.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{x + 2}{2} \cdot (\frac{x}{2} - 1)}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.16.3.3

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{x + 2}{2} \cdot (\frac{x}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2})}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.16.3.4

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{x + 2}{2} \cdot (\frac{x}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2})}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.16.3.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{x + 2}{2} \cdot \frac{x - 1 \cdot 2}{2}}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.16.3.6

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{x + 2}{2} \cdot \frac{x - 2}{2}}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.16.4

Multiply $\frac{x + 2}{2}$ by $\frac{x - 2}{2}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{(x + 2) (x - 2)}{2 \cdot 2}}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.16.5

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{(x + 2) (x - 2)}{4}}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.16.6

Rewrite $\frac{(x + 2) (x - 2)}{4}$ as ${(\frac{1}{2})}^{2} ((x + 2) (x - 2))$ .

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Step 4.3.3.16.6.1

Factor the perfect power $1^{2}$ out of $(x + 2) (x - 2)$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{1^{2} ((x + 2) (x - 2))}{4}}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.16.6.2

Factor the perfect power $2^{2}$ out of $4$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2 \sqrt{\frac{1^{2} ((x + 2) (x - 2))}{2^{2} \cdot 1}}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.16.6.3

Rearrange the fraction $\frac{1^{2} ((x + 2) (x - 2))}{2^{2} \cdot 1}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2 \sqrt{{(\frac{1}{2})}^{2} ((x + 2) (x - 2))}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.16.7

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2 (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.16.8

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{2 (\frac{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{2})}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.17

Combine $2$ and $\frac{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{2}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{2}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.18

Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.

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Step 4.3.3.18.1

Reduce the expression $\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{2}$ by cancelling the common factors.

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Step 4.3.3.18.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{2}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.18.1.2

Rewrite the expression.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{\frac{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{1}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.18.2

Divide $\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ by $1$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.19

Multiply $\frac{x}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.20

Combine and simplify the denominator.

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Step 4.3.3.20.1

Multiply $\frac{x}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)} \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.20.2

Raise $\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)} \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.20.3

Raise $\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)} \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.20.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}^{1 + 1}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.20.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}^{2}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.20.6

Rewrite ${\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}^{2}$ as $(x + 2) (x - 2)$ .

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Step 4.3.3.20.6.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ as ${((x + 2) (x - 2))}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{({((x + 2) (x - 2))}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.20.6.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{((x + 2) (x - 2))}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.20.6.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{((x + 2) (x - 2))}^{\frac{2}{2}}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.20.6.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 4.3.3.20.6.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{((x + 2) (x - 2))}^{\frac{2}{2}}}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.20.6.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.20.6.5

Simplify.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} + \frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.3.21

Add $\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ and $\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))}$

Step 4.3.4

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 4.3.4.1

Draw a triangle in the plane with vertices $(\sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1^{2}}, 1)$ , $(\sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1^{2}}, 0)$ , and the origin. Then $arccsc (\frac{x}{2})$ is the angle between the positive x-axis and the ray beginning at the origin and passing through $(\sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1^{2}}, 1)$ . Therefore, $\tan (arccsc (\frac{x}{2}))$ is $\frac{1}{\sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1}}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1}}}$

Step 4.3.4.2

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 4.3.4.2.1

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{{(\frac{x}{2})}^{2} - 1^{2}}}}$

Step 4.3.4.2.2

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = \frac{x}{2}$ and $b = 1$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{(\frac{x}{2} + 1) (\frac{x}{2} - 1)}}}$

Step 4.3.4.2.3

Simplify.

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Step 4.3.4.2.3.1

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{(\frac{x}{2} + \frac{2}{2}) (\frac{x}{2} - 1)}}}$

Step 4.3.4.2.3.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{x + 2}{2} \cdot (\frac{x}{2} - 1)}}}$

Step 4.3.4.2.3.3

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{x + 2}{2} \cdot (\frac{x}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2})}}}$

Step 4.3.4.2.3.4

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{x + 2}{2} \cdot (\frac{x}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2})}}}$

Step 4.3.4.2.3.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{x + 2}{2} \cdot \frac{x - 1 \cdot 2}{2}}}}$

Step 4.3.4.2.3.6

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{x + 2}{2} \cdot \frac{x - 2}{2}}}}$

Step 4.3.4.2.4

Multiply $\frac{x + 2}{2}$ by $\frac{x - 2}{2}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{(x + 2) (x - 2)}{2 \cdot 2}}}}$

Step 4.3.4.2.5

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{(x + 2) (x - 2)}{4}}}}$

Step 4.3.4.2.6

Rewrite $\frac{(x + 2) (x - 2)}{4}$ as ${(\frac{1}{2})}^{2} ((x + 2) (x - 2))$ .

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Step 4.3.4.2.6.1

Factor the perfect power $1^{2}$ out of $(x + 2) (x - 2)$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1^{2} ((x + 2) (x - 2))}{4}}}}$

Step 4.3.4.2.6.2

Factor the perfect power $2^{2}$ out of $4$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1^{2} ((x + 2) (x - 2))}{2^{2} \cdot 1}}}}$

Step 4.3.4.2.6.3

Rearrange the fraction $\frac{1^{2} ((x + 2) (x - 2))}{2^{2} \cdot 1}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{{(\frac{1}{2})}^{2} ((x + 2) (x - 2))}}}$

Step 4.3.4.2.7

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}}$

Step 4.3.4.2.8

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{2}}}$

Step 4.3.4.3

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{1 (\frac{2}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}})}$

Step 4.3.4.4

Multiply $\frac{2}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$ by $1$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{2}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}}$

Step 4.3.4.5

Multiply $\frac{2}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{2}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}}$

Step 4.3.4.6

Combine and simplify the denominator.

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Step 4.3.4.6.1

Multiply $\frac{2}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)} \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}}$

Step 4.3.4.6.2

Raise $\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)} \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}}$

Step 4.3.4.6.3

Raise $\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)} \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}}$

Step 4.3.4.6.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}^{1 + 1}}}$

Step 4.3.4.6.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}^{2}}}$

Step 4.3.4.6.6

Rewrite ${\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}^{2}$ as $(x + 2) (x - 2)$ .

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Step 4.3.4.6.6.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ as ${((x + 2) (x - 2))}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{({((x + 2) (x - 2))}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}}$

Step 4.3.4.6.6.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{((x + 2) (x - 2))}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}}$

Step 4.3.4.6.6.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{((x + 2) (x - 2))}^{\frac{2}{2}}}}$

Step 4.3.4.6.6.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 4.3.4.6.6.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{{((x + 2) (x - 2))}^{\frac{2}{2}}}}$

Step 4.3.4.6.6.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$

Step 4.3.4.6.6.5

Simplify.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 (\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$

Step 4.3.5

Combine $2$ and $\frac{x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{\frac{2 (x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)})}{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{\frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$

Step 4.3.6

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} \cdot \frac{(x + 2) (x - 2)}{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$

Step 4.3.7

Cancel the common factor of $2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ .

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Step 4.3.7.1

Factor $2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ out of $2 x \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}$ .

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)} (x)}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} \cdot \frac{(x + 2) (x - 2)}{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$

Step 4.3.7.2

Cancel the common factor.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)} x}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} \cdot \frac{(x + 2) (x - 2)}{2 \sqrt{(x + 2) (x - 2)}}$

Step 4.3.7.3

Rewrite the expression.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{x}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} \cdot ((x + 2) (x - 2))$

Step 4.3.8

Cancel the common factor of $(x + 2) (x - 2)$ .

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Step 4.3.8.1

Cancel the common factor.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = \frac{x}{(x + 2) (x - 2)} \cdot ((x + 2) (x - 2))$

Step 4.3.8.2

Rewrite the expression.

$f (arccsc (\frac{x}{2})) = x$

Step 4.4

Since $f^{- 1} (f (x)) = x$ and $f (f^{- 1} (x)) = x$ , then $f^{- 1} (x) = arccsc (\frac{x}{2})$ is the inverse of $f (x) = \frac{\sec (x) + \tan (x) \csc (x)}{\tan (x)}$ .

$f^{- 1} (x) = arccsc (\frac{x}{2})$