Trigonometry Examples

$\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2} = {(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{1 - i})}^{x}$

Step 1

Rewrite the equation as ${(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{1 - i})}^{x} = \frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2}$ .

${(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{1 - i})}^{x} = \frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2}$

Step 2

Take the natural logarithm of both sides of the equation to remove the variable from the exponent.

$\ln ({(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{1 - i})}^{x}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3

Expand the left side.

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Step 3.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{2}$ as $2^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\ln ({(\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 - i})}^{x}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.2

Expand $\ln ({(\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 - i})}^{x})$ by moving $x$ outside the logarithm.

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 - i}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.3

Multiply the numerator and denominator of $\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 - i}$ by the conjugate of $1 - i$ to make the denominator real.

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 - i} \cdot \frac{1 + i}{1 + i}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4

Multiply.

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Step 3.4.1

Combine.

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} (1 + i)}{(1 - i) (1 + i)}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.4.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 + 2^{\frac{1}{2}} i}{(1 - i) (1 + i)}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.2.2

Multiply $2^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $1$ .

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + 2^{\frac{1}{2}} i}{(1 - i) (1 + i)}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.2.3

Reorder factors in $2^{\frac{1}{2}} + 2^{\frac{1}{2}} i$ .

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{(1 - i) (1 + i)}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.3

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 3.4.3.1

Expand $(1 - i) (1 + i)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 3.4.3.1.1

Apply the distributive property.

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 (1 + i) - i (1 + i)}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.3.1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 \cdot 1 + 1 i - i (1 + i)}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.3.1.3

Apply the distributive property.

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 \cdot 1 + 1 i - i \cdot 1 - i i}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.3.2

Simplify.

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Step 3.4.3.2.1

Multiply $1$ by $1$ .

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 1 i - i \cdot 1 - i i}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.3.2.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 1 i - i - i i}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.3.2.3

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 1 i - i - (i^{1} i)}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.3.2.4

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 1 i - i - (i^{1} i^{1})}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.3.2.5

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 1 i - i - i^{1 + 1}}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.3.2.6

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 1 i - i - i^{2}}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.3.2.7

Subtract $i$ from $1 i$ .

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 0 - i^{2}}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.3.2.8

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 - i^{2}}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.3.3

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.4.3.3.1

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 - - 1}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.3.3.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 1}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.4.3.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 3.5

Rewrite $\ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})$ as $\ln (2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}) - \ln (2)$ .

$x (\ln (2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}) - \ln (2)) = \ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$

Step 4

Expand the right side.

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Step 4.1

Rewrite $\ln (\frac{\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i}{2})$ as $\ln (\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i) - \ln (2)$ .

$x (\ln (2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}) - \ln (2)) = \ln (\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} i) - \ln (2)$

Step 4.2

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{2}$ as $2^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$x (\ln (2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}) - \ln (2)) = \ln (2^{\frac{1}{2}} - \sqrt{2} i) - \ln (2)$

Step 4.3

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{2}$ as $2^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$x (\ln (2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}) - \ln (2)) = \ln (2^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2^{\frac{1}{2}} i) - \ln (2)$

Step 5

Simplify the left side.

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Step 5.1

Use the quotient property of logarithms, $\log_{b} (x) - \log_{b} (y) = \log_{b} (\frac{x}{y})$ .

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}) = \ln (2^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2^{\frac{1}{2}} i) - \ln (2)$

Step 6

Simplify the right side.

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Step 6.1

Simplify $\ln (2^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2^{\frac{1}{2}} i) - \ln (2)$ .

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Step 6.1.1

Use the quotient property of logarithms, $\log_{b} (x) - \log_{b} (y) = \log_{b} (\frac{x}{y})$ .

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}) = \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2^{\frac{1}{2}} i}{2})$

Step 6.1.2

Reorder factors in $\ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2^{\frac{1}{2}} i}{2})$ .

$x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}) = \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} - i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})$

Step 7

Divide each term in $x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}) = \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} - i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})$ by $\ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})$ and simplify.

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Step 7.1

$\frac{x \ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})}{\ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})} = \frac{\ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} - i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})}{\ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})}$

Step 7.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 7.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $\ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})$ .

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Step 7.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 7.2.1.2

Divide $x$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{\ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} - i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})}{\ln (\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2}} + i \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})}$