Trigonometry Examples

${(1 - i)}^{8}$

Step 1

Use the Binomial Theorem.

$1^{8} + 8 \cdot 1^{7} (- i) + 28 \cdot 1^{6} {(- i)}^{2} + 56 \cdot 1^{5} {(- i)}^{3} + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2

Simplify terms.

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Step 2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.1.1

One to any power is one.

$1 + 8 \cdot 1^{7} (- i) + 28 \cdot 1^{6} {(- i)}^{2} + 56 \cdot 1^{5} {(- i)}^{3} + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.2

One to any power is one.

$1 + 8 \cdot 1 (- i) + 28 \cdot 1^{6} {(- i)}^{2} + 56 \cdot 1^{5} {(- i)}^{3} + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.3

Multiply $8$ by $1$ .

$1 + 8 (- i) + 28 \cdot 1^{6} {(- i)}^{2} + 56 \cdot 1^{5} {(- i)}^{3} + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $8$ .

$1 - 8 i + 28 \cdot 1^{6} {(- i)}^{2} + 56 \cdot 1^{5} {(- i)}^{3} + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.5

One to any power is one.

$1 - 8 i + 28 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{2} + 56 \cdot 1^{5} {(- i)}^{3} + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.6

Multiply $28$ by $1$ .

$1 - 8 i + 28 {(- i)}^{2} + 56 \cdot 1^{5} {(- i)}^{3} + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.7

Apply the product rule to $- i$ .

$1 - 8 i + 28 ({(- 1)}^{2} i^{2}) + 56 \cdot 1^{5} {(- i)}^{3} + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.8

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$1 - 8 i + 28 (1 i^{2}) + 56 \cdot 1^{5} {(- i)}^{3} + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.9

Multiply $i^{2}$ by $1$ .

$1 - 8 i + 28 i^{2} + 56 \cdot 1^{5} {(- i)}^{3} + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.10

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 8 i + 28 \cdot - 1 + 56 \cdot 1^{5} {(- i)}^{3} + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.11

Multiply $28$ by $- 1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 \cdot 1^{5} {(- i)}^{3} + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.12

One to any power is one.

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{3} + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.13

Multiply $56$ by $1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 {(- i)}^{3} + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.14

Apply the product rule to $- i$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 ({(- 1)}^{3} i^{3}) + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.15

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $3$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 (- i^{3}) + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.16

Factor out $i^{2}$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 (- (i^{2} \cdot i)) + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.17

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 (- (- 1 \cdot i)) + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.18

Rewrite $- 1 i$ as $- i$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 (- - i) + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.19

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 (1 i) + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.20

Multiply $i$ by $1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 \cdot 1^{4} {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.21

One to any power is one.

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.22

Multiply $70$ by $1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 {(- i)}^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.23

Apply the product rule to $- i$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 ({(- 1)}^{4} i^{4}) + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.24

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $4$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 (1 i^{4}) + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.25

Multiply $i^{4}$ by $1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 i^{4} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.26

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Step 2.1.26.1

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 {(i^{2})}^{2} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.26.2

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 {(- 1)}^{2} + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.26.3

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 \cdot 1 + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.27

Multiply $70$ by $1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 + 56 \cdot 1^{3} {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.28

One to any power is one.

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 + 56 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.29

Multiply $56$ by $1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 + 56 {(- i)}^{5} + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.30

Apply the product rule to $- i$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 + 56 ({(- 1)}^{5} i^{5}) + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.31

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $5$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 + 56 (- i^{5}) + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.32

Factor out $i^{4}$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 + 56 (- (i^{4} i)) + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.33

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Step 2.1.33.1

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 + 56 (- ({(i^{2})}^{2} i)) + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.33.2

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 + 56 (- ({(- 1)}^{2} i)) + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.33.3

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 + 56 (- (1 i)) + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.34

Multiply $i$ by $1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 + 56 (- i) + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.35

Multiply $- 1$ by $56$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i + 28 \cdot 1^{2} {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.36

One to any power is one.

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i + 28 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.37

Multiply $28$ by $1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i + 28 {(- i)}^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.38

Apply the product rule to $- i$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i + 28 ({(- 1)}^{6} i^{6}) + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.39

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $6$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i + 28 (1 i^{6}) + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.40

Multiply $i^{6}$ by $1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i + 28 i^{6} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.41

Factor out $i^{4}$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i + 28 (i^{4} i^{2}) + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.42

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Step 2.1.42.1

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i + 28 ({(i^{2})}^{2} i^{2}) + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.42.2

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i + 28 ({(- 1)}^{2} i^{2}) + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.42.3

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i + 28 (1 i^{2}) + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.43

Multiply $i^{2}$ by $1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i + 28 i^{2} + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.44

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i + 28 \cdot - 1 + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.45

Multiply $28$ by $- 1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 \cdot 1 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.46

Multiply $8$ by $1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 {(- i)}^{7} + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.47

Apply the product rule to $- i$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 ({(- 1)}^{7} i^{7}) + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.48

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $7$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 (- i^{7}) + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.49

Rewrite $i^{7}$ as $i^{4} (i^{2} \cdot i)$ .

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Step 2.1.49.1

Factor out $i^{4}$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 (- (i^{4} i^{3})) + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.49.2

Factor out $i^{2}$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 (- (i^{4} (i^{2} \cdot i))) + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.50

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Step 2.1.50.1

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 (- ({(i^{2})}^{2} (i^{2} \cdot i))) + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.50.2

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 (- ({(- 1)}^{2} (i^{2} \cdot i))) + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.50.3

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 (- (1 (i^{2} \cdot i))) + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.51

Multiply $i^{2} \cdot i$ by $1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 (- (i^{2} \cdot i)) + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.52

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 (- (- 1 \cdot i)) + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.53

Rewrite $- 1 i$ as $- i$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 (- - i) + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.54

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 (1 i) + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.55

Multiply $i$ by $1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 i + {(- i)}^{8}$

Step 2.1.56

Apply the product rule to $- i$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 i + {(- 1)}^{8} i^{8}$

Step 2.1.57

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $8$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 i + 1 i^{8}$

Step 2.1.58

Multiply $i^{8}$ by $1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 i + i^{8}$

Step 2.1.59

Rewrite $i^{8}$ as ${(i^{4})}^{2}$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 i + {(i^{4})}^{2}$

Step 2.1.60

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Step 2.1.60.1

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 i + {({(i^{2})}^{2})}^{2}$

Step 2.1.60.2

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 i + {({(- 1)}^{2})}^{2}$

Step 2.1.60.3

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 i + 1^{2}$

Step 2.1.61

One to any power is one.

$1 - 8 i - 28 + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 i + 1$

Step 2.2

Simplify by adding terms.

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Step 2.2.1

Subtract $28$ from $1$ .

$- 27 - 8 i + 56 i + 70 - 56 i - 28 + 8 i + 1$

Step 2.2.2

Simplify by adding and subtracting.

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Step 2.2.2.1

Add $- 27$ and $70$ .

$43 - 8 i + 56 i - 56 i - 28 + 8 i + 1$

Step 2.2.2.2

Subtract $28$ from $43$ .

$15 - 8 i + 56 i - 56 i + 8 i + 1$

Step 2.2.2.3

Add $15$ and $1$ .

$16 - 8 i + 56 i - 56 i + 8 i$

Step 2.2.3

Add $- 8 i$ and $56 i$ .

$16 + 48 i - 56 i + 8 i$

Step 2.2.4

Subtract $56 i$ from $48 i$ .

$16 - 8 i + 8 i$

Step 2.2.5

Add $- 8 i$ and $8 i$ .

$16 + 0$

Step 2.2.6

Add $16$ and $0$ .

$16$