Trigonometry Examples

$2 \cos^{2} (x) = 13 \sin (x) - 5$

Step 1

Move all the expressions to the left side of the equation.

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Step 1.1

Subtract $13 \sin (x)$ from both sides of the equation.

$2 \cos^{2} (x) - 13 \sin (x) = - 5$

Step 1.2

Add $5$ to both sides of the equation.

$2 \cos^{2} (x) - 13 \sin (x) + 5 = 0$

Step 2

Replace the $2 \cos^{2} (x)$ with $2 (1 - \sin^{2} (x))$ based on the $\sin^{2} (x) + \cos^{2} (x) = 1$ identity.

$2 (1 - \sin^{2} (x)) - 13 \sin (x) + 5 = 0$

Step 3

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$2 \cdot 1 + 2 (- \sin^{2} (x)) - 13 \sin (x) + 5 = 0$

Step 3.2

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$2 + 2 (- \sin^{2} (x)) - 13 \sin (x) + 5 = 0$

Step 3.3

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$2 - 2 \sin^{2} (x) - 13 \sin (x) + 5 = 0$

Step 4

Add $2$ and $5$ .

$- 2 \sin^{2} (x) - 13 \sin (x) + 7 = 0$

Step 5

Substitute $u$ for $\sin (x)$ .

$- 2 {(u)}^{2} - 13 u + 7 = 0$

Step 6

Factor the left side of the equation.

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Step 6.1

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 2 u^{2} - 13 u + 7$ .

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Step 6.1.1

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 2 u^{2}$ .

$- (2 u^{2}) - 13 u + 7 = 0$

Step 6.1.2

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 13 u$ .

$- (2 u^{2}) - (13 u) + 7 = 0$

Step 6.1.3

Rewrite $7$ as $- 1 (- 7)$ .

$- (2 u^{2}) - (13 u) - 1 \cdot - 7 = 0$

Step 6.1.4

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (2 u^{2}) - (13 u)$ .

$- (2 u^{2} + 13 u) - 1 \cdot - 7 = 0$

Step 6.1.5

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (2 u^{2} + 13 u) - 1 (- 7)$ .

$- (2 u^{2} + 13 u - 7) = 0$

Step 6.2

Factor.

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Step 6.2.1

Factor by grouping.

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Step 6.2.1.1

For a polynomial of the form $a x^{2} + b x + c$ , rewrite the middle term as a sum of two terms whose product is $a \cdot c = 2 \cdot - 7 = - 14$ and whose sum is $b = 13$ .

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Step 6.2.1.1.1

Factor $13$ out of $13 u$ .

$- (2 u^{2} + 13 u - 7) = 0$

Step 6.2.1.1.2

Rewrite $13$ as $- 1$ plus $14$

$- (2 u^{2} + (- 1 + 14) u - 7) = 0$

Step 6.2.1.1.3

Apply the distributive property.

$- (2 u^{2} - 1 u + 14 u - 7) = 0$

Step 6.2.1.2

Factor out the greatest common factor from each group.

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Step 6.2.1.2.1

Group the first two terms and the last two terms.

$- (2 u^{2} - 1 u + 14 u - 7) = 0$

Step 6.2.1.2.2

Factor out the greatest common factor (GCF) from each group.

$- (u (2 u - 1) + 7 (2 u - 1)) = 0$

Step 6.2.1.3

Factor the polynomial by factoring out the greatest common factor, $2 u - 1$ .

$- ((2 u - 1) (u + 7)) = 0$

Step 6.2.2

Remove unnecessary parentheses.

$- (2 u - 1) (u + 7) = 0$

Step 7

If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to $0$ , the entire expression will be equal to $0$ .

$2 u - 1 = 0$

$u + 7 = 0$

Step 8

Set $2 u - 1$ equal to $0$ and solve for $u$ .

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Step 8.1

Set $2 u - 1$ equal to $0$ .

$2 u - 1 = 0$

Step 8.2

Solve $2 u - 1 = 0$ for $u$ .

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Step 8.2.1

Add $1$ to both sides of the equation.

$2 u = 1$

Step 8.2.2

Divide each term in $2 u = 1$ by $2$ and simplify.

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Step 8.2.2.1

Divide each term in $2 u = 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{2 u}{2} = \frac{1}{2}$

Step 8.2.2.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 8.2.2.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 8.2.2.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 u}{2} = \frac{1}{2}$

Step 8.2.2.2.1.2

Divide $u$ by $1$ .

$u = \frac{1}{2}$

Step 9

Set $u + 7$ equal to $0$ and solve for $u$ .

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Step 9.1

Set $u + 7$ equal to $0$ .

$u + 7 = 0$

Step 9.2

Subtract $7$ from both sides of the equation.

$u = - 7$

Step 10

The final solution is all the values that make $- (2 u - 1) (u + 7) = 0$ true.

$u = \frac{1}{2}, - 7$

Step 11

Substitute $\sin (x)$ for $u$ .

$\sin (x) = \frac{1}{2}, - 7$

Step 12

Set up each of the solutions to solve for $x$ .

$\sin (x) = \frac{1}{2}$

$\sin (x) = - 7$

Step 13

Solve for $x$ in $\sin (x) = \frac{1}{2}$ .

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Step 13.1

Take the inverse sine of both sides of the equation to extract $x$ from inside the sine.

$x = \arcsin (\frac{1}{2})$

Step 13.2

Simplify the right side.

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Step 13.2.1

The exact value of $\arcsin (\frac{1}{2})$ is $\frac{π}{6}$ .

$x = \frac{π}{6}$

Step 13.3

The sine function is positive in the first and second quadrants. To find the second solution, subtract the reference angle from $π$ to find the solution in the second quadrant.

$x = π - \frac{π}{6}$

Step 13.4

Simplify $π - \frac{π}{6}$ .

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Step 13.4.1

To write $π$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{6}{6}$ .

$x = π \cdot \frac{6}{6} - \frac{π}{6}$

Step 13.4.2

Combine fractions.

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Step 13.4.2.1

Combine $π$ and $\frac{6}{6}$ .

$x = \frac{π \cdot 6}{6} - \frac{π}{6}$

Step 13.4.2.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$x = \frac{π \cdot 6 - π}{6}$

Step 13.4.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 13.4.3.1

Move $6$ to the left of $π$ .

$x = \frac{6 \cdot π - π}{6}$

Step 13.4.3.2

Subtract $π$ from $6 π$ .

$x = \frac{5 π}{6}$

Step 13.5

Find the period of $\sin (x)$ .

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Step 13.5.1

The period of the function can be calculated using $\frac{2 π}{| b |}$ .

$\frac{2 π}{| b |}$

Step 13.5.2

Replace $b$ with $1$ in the formula for period.

$\frac{2 π}{| 1 |}$

Step 13.5.3

The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between $0$ and $1$ is $1$ .

$\frac{2 π}{1}$

Step 13.5.4

Divide $2 π$ by $1$ .

$2 π$

Step 13.6

The period of the $\sin (x)$ function is $2 π$ so values will repeat every $2 π$ radians in both directions.

$x = \frac{π}{6} + 2 π n, \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 π n$ , for any integer $n$

Step 14

Solve for $x$ in $\sin (x) = - 7$ .

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Step 14.1

The range of sine is $- 1 \leq y \leq 1$ . Since $- 7$ does not fall in this range, there is no solution.

No solution

Step 15

List all of the solutions.

$x = \frac{π}{6} + 2 π n, \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 π n$ , for any integer $n$