Trigonometry Examples

$\frac{x^{3} + x^{2} - 5 x - 6}{x + 2}$

Step 1

Factor $x^{3} + x^{2} - 5 x - 6$ using the rational roots test.

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Step 1.1

If a polynomial function has integer coefficients, then every rational zero will have the form $\frac{p}{q}$ where $p$ is a factor of the constant and $q$ is a factor of the leading coefficient.

$p = \pm 1, \pm 6, \pm 2, \pm 3$

$q = \pm 1$

Step 1.2

Find every combination of $\pm \frac{p}{q}$ . These are the possible roots of the polynomial function.

$\pm 1, \pm 6, \pm 2, \pm 3$

Step 1.3

Substitute $- 2$ and simplify the expression. In this case, the expression is equal to $0$ so $- 2$ is a root of the polynomial.

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Step 1.3.1

Substitute $- 2$ into the polynomial.

${(- 2)}^{3} + {(- 2)}^{2} - 5 \cdot - 2 - 6$

Step 1.3.2

Raise $- 2$ to the power of $3$ .

$- 8 + {(- 2)}^{2} - 5 \cdot - 2 - 6$

Step 1.3.3

Raise $- 2$ to the power of $2$ .

$- 8 + 4 - 5 \cdot - 2 - 6$

Step 1.3.4

Add $- 8$ and $4$ .

$- 4 - 5 \cdot - 2 - 6$

Step 1.3.5

Multiply $- 5$ by $- 2$ .

$- 4 + 10 - 6$

Step 1.3.6

Add $- 4$ and $10$ .

$6 - 6$

Step 1.3.7

Subtract $6$ from $6$ .

$0$

Step 1.4

Since $- 2$ is a known root, divide the polynomial by $x + 2$ to find the quotient polynomial. This polynomial can then be used to find the remaining roots.

$\frac{x^{3} + x^{2} - 5 x - 6}{x + 2}$

Step 1.5

Divide $x^{3} + x^{2} - 5 x - 6$ by $x + 2$ .

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Step 1.5.1

Set up the polynomials to be divided. If there is not a term for every exponent, insert one with a value of $0$ .

$x$

$2$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$6$

Step 1.5.2

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $x^{3}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

					$x^{2}$
	$x$	+	$2$		$x^{3}$	+	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$	-	$6$

Step 1.5.3

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

				$x^{2}$
$x$	+	$2$		$x^{3}$	+	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$	-	$6$
			+	$x^{3}$	+	$2 x^{2}$

Step 1.5.4

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $x^{3} + 2 x^{2}$

				$x^{2}$
$x$	+	$2$		$x^{3}$	+	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$	-	$6$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$2 x^{2}$

Step 1.5.5

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

				$x^{2}$
$x$	+	$2$		$x^{3}$	+	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$	-	$6$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$2 x^{2}$
					-	$x^{2}$

Step 1.5.6

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

				$x^{2}$
$x$	+	$2$		$x^{3}$	+	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$	-	$6$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$2 x^{2}$
					-	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$

Step 1.5.7

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $- x^{2}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

				$x^{2}$	-	$x$
$x$	+	$2$		$x^{3}$	+	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$	-	$6$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$2 x^{2}$
					-	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$

Step 1.5.8

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

				$x^{2}$	-	$x$
$x$	+	$2$		$x^{3}$	+	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$	-	$6$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$2 x^{2}$
					-	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$
					-	$x^{2}$	-	$2 x$

Step 1.5.9

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $- x^{2} - 2 x$

				$x^{2}$	-	$x$
$x$	+	$2$		$x^{3}$	+	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$	-	$6$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$2 x^{2}$
					-	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$
					+	$x^{2}$	+	$2 x$

Step 1.5.10

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

				$x^{2}$	-	$x$
$x$	+	$2$		$x^{3}$	+	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$	-	$6$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$2 x^{2}$
					-	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$
					+	$x^{2}$	+	$2 x$
							-	$3 x$

Step 1.5.11

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

				$x^{2}$	-	$x$
$x$	+	$2$		$x^{3}$	+	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$	-	$6$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$2 x^{2}$
					-	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$
					+	$x^{2}$	+	$2 x$
							-	$3 x$	-	$6$

Step 1.5.12

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $- 3 x$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

				$x^{2}$	-	$x$	-	$3$
$x$	+	$2$		$x^{3}$	+	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$	-	$6$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$2 x^{2}$
					-	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$
					+	$x^{2}$	+	$2 x$
							-	$3 x$	-	$6$

Step 1.5.13

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

				$x^{2}$	-	$x$	-	$3$
$x$	+	$2$		$x^{3}$	+	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$	-	$6$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$2 x^{2}$
					-	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$
					+	$x^{2}$	+	$2 x$
							-	$3 x$	-	$6$
							-	$3 x$	-	$6$

Step 1.5.14

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $- 3 x - 6$

				$x^{2}$	-	$x$	-	$3$
$x$	+	$2$		$x^{3}$	+	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$	-	$6$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$2 x^{2}$
					-	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$
					+	$x^{2}$	+	$2 x$
							-	$3 x$	-	$6$
							+	$3 x$	+	$6$

Step 1.5.15

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

				$x^{2}$	-	$x$	-	$3$
$x$	+	$2$		$x^{3}$	+	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$	-	$6$
			-	$x^{3}$	-	$2 x^{2}$
					-	$x^{2}$	-	$5 x$
					+	$x^{2}$	+	$2 x$
							-	$3 x$	-	$6$
							+	$3 x$	+	$6$
										$0$

Step 1.5.16

Since the remander is $0$ , the final answer is the quotient.

$x^{2} - x - 3$

Step 1.6

Write $x^{3} + x^{2} - 5 x - 6$ as a set of factors.

$\frac{(x + 2) (x^{2} - x - 3)}{x + 2}$

Step 2

Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.

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Step 2.1

Reduce the expression $\frac{(x + 2) (x^{2} - x - 3)}{x + 2}$ by cancelling the common factors.

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Step 2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{(x + 2) (x^{2} - x - 3)}{x + 2}$

Step 2.1.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{2} - x - 3}{1}$

Step 2.2

Divide $x^{2} - x - 3$ by $1$ .

$x^{2} - x - 3$