Trigonometry Examples

${(1 - \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 1

Use the Binomial Theorem.

$1^{7} + 7 \cdot 1^{6} (- \sqrt{3} i) + 21 \cdot 1^{5} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{2} + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2

Simplify terms.

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Step 2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.1.1

One to any power is one.

$1 + 7 \cdot 1^{6} (- \sqrt{3} i) + 21 \cdot 1^{5} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{2} + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.2

One to any power is one.

$1 + 7 \cdot 1 (- \sqrt{3} i) + 21 \cdot 1^{5} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{2} + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.3

Multiply $7$ by $1$ .

$1 + 7 (- \sqrt{3} i) + 21 \cdot 1^{5} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{2} + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $7$ .

$1 - 7 (\sqrt{3} i) + 21 \cdot 1^{5} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{2} + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.5

One to any power is one.

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i + 21 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{2} + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.6

Multiply $21$ by $1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i + 21 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{2} + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.7

Use the power rule ${(a b)}^{n} = a^{n} b^{n}$ to distribute the exponent.

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Step 2.1.7.1

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3} i$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i + 21 ({(- \sqrt{3})}^{2} i^{2}) + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.7.2

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i + 21 ({(- 1)}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} i^{2}) + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.8

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i + 21 (1 {\sqrt{3}}^{2} i^{2}) + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.9

Multiply ${\sqrt{3}}^{2}$ by $1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i + 21 ({\sqrt{3}}^{2} i^{2}) + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.10

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{2}$ as $3$ .

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Step 2.1.10.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3}$ as $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i + 21 ({(3^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} i^{2}) + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.10.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i + 21 (3^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} i^{2}) + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.10.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i + 21 (3^{\frac{2}{2}} i^{2}) + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.10.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.1.10.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 2.1.10.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i + 21 (3^{1} i^{2}) + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.10.5

Evaluate the exponent.

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i + 21 (3 i^{2}) + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.11

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i + 21 (3 \cdot - 1) + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.12

Multiply $21 (3 \cdot - 1)$ .

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Step 2.1.12.1

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i + 21 \cdot - 3 + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.12.2

Multiply $21$ by $- 3$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 35 \cdot 1^{4} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.13

One to any power is one.

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 35 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.14

Multiply $35$ by $1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 35 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{3} + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.15

Use the power rule ${(a b)}^{n} = a^{n} b^{n}$ to distribute the exponent.

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Step 2.1.15.1

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3} i$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 35 ({(- \sqrt{3})}^{3} i^{3}) + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.15.2

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 35 ({(- 1)}^{3} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} i^{3}) + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.16

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $3$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 35 (- {\sqrt{3}}^{3} i^{3}) + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.17

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{3}$ as $\sqrt{3^{3}}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 35 (- \sqrt{3^{3}} i^{3}) + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.18

Raise $3$ to the power of $3$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 35 (- \sqrt{27} i^{3}) + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.19

Rewrite $27$ as $3^{2} \cdot 3$ .

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Step 2.1.19.1

Factor $9$ out of $27$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 35 (- \sqrt{9 (3)} i^{3}) + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.19.2

Rewrite $9$ as $3^{2}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 35 (- \sqrt{3^{2} \cdot 3} i^{3}) + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.20

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 35 (- (3 \sqrt{3}) i^{3}) + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.21

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 35 (- 3 \sqrt{3} i^{3}) + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.22

Factor out $i^{2}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 35 (- 3 \sqrt{3} (i^{2} \cdot i)) + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.23

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 35 (- 3 \sqrt{3} (- 1 \cdot i)) + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.24

Rewrite $- 1 i$ as $- i$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 35 (- 3 \sqrt{3} (- i)) + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.25

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 3$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 35 (3 \sqrt{3} i) + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.26

Multiply $3$ by $35$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 (\sqrt{3} i) + 35 \cdot 1^{3} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.27

One to any power is one.

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.28

Multiply $35$ by $1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{4} + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.29

Use the power rule ${(a b)}^{n} = a^{n} b^{n}$ to distribute the exponent.

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Step 2.1.29.1

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3} i$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 ({(- \sqrt{3})}^{4} i^{4}) + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.29.2

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 ({(- 1)}^{4} {\sqrt{3}}^{4} i^{4}) + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.30

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $4$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 (1 {\sqrt{3}}^{4} i^{4}) + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.31

Multiply ${\sqrt{3}}^{4}$ by $1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 ({\sqrt{3}}^{4} i^{4}) + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.32

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{4}$ as $3^{2}$ .

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Step 2.1.32.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3}$ as $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 ({(3^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{4} i^{4}) + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.32.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 (3^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 4} i^{4}) + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.32.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $4$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 (3^{\frac{4}{2}} i^{4}) + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.32.4

Cancel the common factor of $4$ and $2$ .

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Step 2.1.32.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 (3^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2}} i^{4}) + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.32.4.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.1.32.4.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 (3^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 (1)}} i^{4}) + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.32.4.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 (3^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 \cdot 1}} i^{4}) + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.32.4.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 (3^{\frac{2}{1}} i^{4}) + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.32.4.2.4

Divide $2$ by $1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 (3^{2} i^{4}) + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.33

Raise $3$ to the power of $2$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 (9 i^{4}) + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.34

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Step 2.1.34.1

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 (9 {(i^{2})}^{2}) + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.34.2

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 (9 {(- 1)}^{2}) + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.34.3

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 (9 \cdot 1) + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.35

Multiply $35 (9 \cdot 1)$ .

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Step 2.1.35.1

Multiply $9$ by $1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 35 \cdot 9 + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.35.2

Multiply $35$ by $9$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 \cdot 1^{2} {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.36

One to any power is one.

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.37

Multiply $21$ by $1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{5} + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.38

Use the power rule ${(a b)}^{n} = a^{n} b^{n}$ to distribute the exponent.

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Step 2.1.38.1

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3} i$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 ({(- \sqrt{3})}^{5} i^{5}) + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.38.2

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 ({(- 1)}^{5} {\sqrt{3}}^{5} i^{5}) + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.39

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $5$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 (- {\sqrt{3}}^{5} i^{5}) + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.40

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{5}$ as $\sqrt{3^{5}}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 (- \sqrt{3^{5}} i^{5}) + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.41

Raise $3$ to the power of $5$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 (- \sqrt{243} i^{5}) + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.42

Rewrite $243$ as $9^{2} \cdot 3$ .

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Step 2.1.42.1

Factor $81$ out of $243$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 (- \sqrt{81 (3)} i^{5}) + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.42.2

Rewrite $81$ as $9^{2}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 (- \sqrt{9^{2} \cdot 3} i^{5}) + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.43

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 (- (9 \sqrt{3}) i^{5}) + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.44

Multiply $9$ by $- 1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 (- 9 \sqrt{3} i^{5}) + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.45

Factor out $i^{4}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 (- 9 \sqrt{3} (i^{4} i)) + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.46

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Step 2.1.46.1

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 (- 9 \sqrt{3} ({(i^{2})}^{2} i)) + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.46.2

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 (- 9 \sqrt{3} ({(- 1)}^{2} i)) + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.46.3

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 (- 9 \sqrt{3} (1 i)) + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.47

Multiply $i$ by $1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 + 21 (- 9 \sqrt{3} i) + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.48

Multiply $- 9$ by $21$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 (\sqrt{3} i) + 7 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.49

Multiply $7$ by $1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{6} + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.50

Use the power rule ${(a b)}^{n} = a^{n} b^{n}$ to distribute the exponent.

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Step 2.1.50.1

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3} i$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 ({(- \sqrt{3})}^{6} i^{6}) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.50.2

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 ({(- 1)}^{6} {\sqrt{3}}^{6} i^{6}) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.51

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $6$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 (1 {\sqrt{3}}^{6} i^{6}) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.52

Multiply ${\sqrt{3}}^{6}$ by $1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 ({\sqrt{3}}^{6} i^{6}) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.53

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{6}$ as $3^{3}$ .

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Step 2.1.53.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3}$ as $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 ({(3^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{6} i^{6}) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.53.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 (3^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 6} i^{6}) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.53.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $6$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 (3^{\frac{6}{2}} i^{6}) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.53.4

Cancel the common factor of $6$ and $2$ .

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Step 2.1.53.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $6$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 (3^{\frac{2 \cdot 3}{2}} i^{6}) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.53.4.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.1.53.4.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 (3^{\frac{2 \cdot 3}{2 (1)}} i^{6}) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.53.4.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 (3^{\frac{2 \cdot 3}{2 \cdot 1}} i^{6}) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.53.4.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 (3^{\frac{3}{1}} i^{6}) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.53.4.2.4

Divide $3$ by $1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 (3^{3} i^{6}) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.54

Raise $3$ to the power of $3$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 (27 i^{6}) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.55

Factor out $i^{4}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 (27 (i^{4} i^{2})) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.56

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Step 2.1.56.1

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 (27 ({(i^{2})}^{2} i^{2})) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.56.2

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 (27 ({(- 1)}^{2} i^{2})) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.56.3

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 (27 (1 i^{2})) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.57

Multiply $i^{2}$ by $1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 (27 i^{2}) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.58

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 (27 \cdot - 1) + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.59

Multiply $7 (27 \cdot - 1)$ .

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Step 2.1.59.1

Multiply $27$ by $- 1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i + 7 \cdot - 27 + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.59.2

Multiply $7$ by $- 27$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 + {(- \sqrt{3} i)}^{7}$

Step 2.1.60

Use the power rule ${(a b)}^{n} = a^{n} b^{n}$ to distribute the exponent.

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Step 2.1.60.1

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3} i$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 + {(- \sqrt{3})}^{7} i^{7}$

Step 2.1.60.2

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{3}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 + {(- 1)}^{7} {\sqrt{3}}^{7} i^{7}$

Step 2.1.61

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $7$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 - {\sqrt{3}}^{7} i^{7}$

Step 2.1.62

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{7}$ as $\sqrt{3^{7}}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 - \sqrt{3^{7}} i^{7}$

Step 2.1.63

Raise $3$ to the power of $7$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 - \sqrt{2187} i^{7}$

Step 2.1.64

Rewrite $2187$ as $27^{2} \cdot 3$ .

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Step 2.1.64.1

Factor $729$ out of $2187$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 - \sqrt{729 (3)} i^{7}$

Step 2.1.64.2

Rewrite $729$ as $27^{2}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 - \sqrt{27^{2} \cdot 3} i^{7}$

Step 2.1.65

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 - (27 \sqrt{3}) i^{7}$

Step 2.1.66

Multiply $27$ by $- 1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 - 27 \sqrt{3} i^{7}$

Step 2.1.67

Rewrite $i^{7}$ as $i^{4} (i^{2} \cdot i)$ .

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Step 2.1.67.1

Factor out $i^{4}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 - 27 \sqrt{3} (i^{4} i^{3})$

Step 2.1.67.2

Factor out $i^{2}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 - 27 \sqrt{3} (i^{4} (i^{2} \cdot i))$

Step 2.1.68

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Step 2.1.68.1

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 - 27 \sqrt{3} ({(i^{2})}^{2} (i^{2} \cdot i))$

Step 2.1.68.2

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 - 27 \sqrt{3} ({(- 1)}^{2} (i^{2} \cdot i))$

Step 2.1.68.3

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 - 27 \sqrt{3} (1 (i^{2} \cdot i))$

Step 2.1.69

Multiply $i^{2} \cdot i$ by $1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 - 27 \sqrt{3} (i^{2} \cdot i)$

Step 2.1.70

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 - 27 \sqrt{3} (- 1 \cdot i)$

Step 2.1.71

Rewrite $- 1 i$ as $- i$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 - 27 \sqrt{3} (- i)$

Step 2.1.72

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 27$ .

$1 - 7 \sqrt{3} i - 63 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 + 27 \sqrt{3} i$

Step 2.2

Simplify by adding terms.

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Step 2.2.1

Subtract $63$ from $1$ .

$- 7 \sqrt{3} i - 62 + 105 \sqrt{3} i + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 + 27 \sqrt{3} i$

Step 2.2.2

Add $- 7 \sqrt{3} i$ and $105 \sqrt{3} i$ .

$98 \sqrt{3} i - 62 + 315 - 189 \sqrt{3} i - 189 + 27 \sqrt{3} i$

Step 2.2.3

Subtract $189 \sqrt{3} i$ from $98 \sqrt{3} i$ .

$- 91 \sqrt{3} i - 62 + 315 - 189 + 27 \sqrt{3} i$

Step 2.2.4

Add $- 91 \sqrt{3} i$ and $27 \sqrt{3} i$ .

$- 64 \sqrt{3} i - 62 + 315 - 189$

Step 2.2.5

Simplify the expression.

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Step 2.2.5.1

Add $- 62$ and $315$ .

$- 64 \sqrt{3} i + 253 - 189$

Step 2.2.5.2

Subtract $189$ from $253$ .

$- 64 \sqrt{3} i + 64$

Step 2.2.5.3

Reorder $- 64 \sqrt{3} i$ and $64$ .

$64 - 64 \sqrt{3} i$