Trigonometry Examples

$\sin (4 x) - \sqrt{3} \sin (2 x) = 0$

Step 1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.1

Factor $2$ out of $4 x$ .

$\sin (2 (2 x)) - \sqrt{3} \sin (2 x) = 0$

Step 1.2

Apply the sine double-angle identity.

$2 (2 \sin (x) \cos (x)) \cos (2 x) - \sqrt{3} \sin (2 x) = 0$

Step 1.3

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$4 (\sin (x) \cos (x)) \cos (2 x) - \sqrt{3} \sin (2 x) = 0$

Step 1.4

Use the double-angle identity to transform $\cos (2 x)$ to $1 - 2 \sin^{2} (x)$ .

$4 \sin (x) \cos (x) (1 - 2 \sin^{2} (x)) - \sqrt{3} \sin (2 x) = 0$

Step 1.5

Apply the distributive property.

$4 \sin (x) \cos (x) \cdot 1 + 4 \sin (x) \cos (x) (- 2 \sin^{2} (x)) - \sqrt{3} \sin (2 x) = 0$

Step 1.6

Multiply $4$ by $1$ .

$4 \sin (x) \cos (x) + 4 \sin (x) \cos (x) (- 2 \sin^{2} (x)) - \sqrt{3} \sin (2 x) = 0$

Step 1.7

Multiply $\sin (x)$ by $\sin^{2} (x)$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.7.1

Move $\sin^{2} (x)$ .

$4 \sin (x) \cos (x) + 4 (\sin^{2} (x) \sin (x)) \cos (x) \cdot - 2 - \sqrt{3} \sin (2 x) = 0$

Step 1.7.2

Multiply $\sin^{2} (x)$ by $\sin (x)$ .

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Step 1.7.2.1

Raise $\sin (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$4 \sin (x) \cos (x) + 4 (\sin^{2} (x) \sin (x)) \cos (x) \cdot - 2 - \sqrt{3} \sin (2 x) = 0$

Step 1.7.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$4 \sin (x) \cos (x) + 4 {\sin (x)}^{2 + 1} \cos (x) \cdot - 2 - \sqrt{3} \sin (2 x) = 0$

Step 1.7.3

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$4 \sin (x) \cos (x) + 4 \sin^{3} (x) \cos (x) \cdot - 2 - \sqrt{3} \sin (2 x) = 0$

Step 1.8

Multiply $- 2$ by $4$ .

$4 \sin (x) \cos (x) - 8 \sin^{3} (x) \cos (x) - \sqrt{3} \sin (2 x) = 0$

Step 1.9

Apply the sine double-angle identity.

$4 \sin (x) \cos (x) - 8 \sin^{3} (x) \cos (x) - \sqrt{3} (2 \sin (x) \cos (x)) = 0$

Step 1.10

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$4 \sin (x) \cos (x) - 8 \sin^{3} (x) \cos (x) - 2 \sqrt{3} \sin (x) \cos (x) = 0$

Step 2

Factor $4 \sin (x) \cos (x) - 8 \sin^{3} (x) \cos (x) - 2 \sqrt{3} \sin (x) \cos (x)$ .

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Step 2.1

Factor $2 \sin (x) \cos (x)$ out of $4 \sin (x) \cos (x) - 8 \sin^{3} (x) \cos (x) - 2 \sqrt{3} \sin (x) \cos (x)$ .

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Step 2.1.1

Factor $2 \sin (x) \cos (x)$ out of $4 \sin (x) \cos (x)$ .

$2 \sin (x) \cos (x) \cdot 2 - 8 \sin^{3} (x) \cos (x) - 2 \sqrt{3} \sin (x) \cos (x) = 0$

Step 2.1.2

Factor $2 \sin (x) \cos (x)$ out of $- 8 \sin^{3} (x) \cos (x)$ .

$2 \sin (x) \cos (x) \cdot 2 + 2 \sin (x) \cos (x) (- 4 \sin^{2} (x)) - 2 \sqrt{3} \sin (x) \cos (x) = 0$

Step 2.1.3

Factor $2 \sin (x) \cos (x)$ out of $- 2 \sqrt{3} \sin (x) \cos (x)$ .

$2 \sin (x) \cos (x) \cdot 2 + 2 \sin (x) \cos (x) (- 4 \sin^{2} (x)) + 2 \sin (x) \cos (x) (- \sqrt{3}) = 0$

Step 2.1.4

Factor $2 \sin (x) \cos (x)$ out of $2 \sin (x) \cos (x) \cdot 2 + 2 \sin (x) \cos (x) (- 4 \sin^{2} (x))$ .

$2 \sin (x) \cos (x) (2 - 4 \sin^{2} (x)) + 2 \sin (x) \cos (x) (- \sqrt{3}) = 0$

Step 2.1.5

Factor $2 \sin (x) \cos (x)$ out of $2 \sin (x) \cos (x) (2 - 4 \sin^{2} (x)) + 2 \sin (x) \cos (x) (- \sqrt{3})$ .

$2 \sin (x) \cos (x) (2 - 4 \sin^{2} (x) - \sqrt{3}) = 0$

Step 2.2

Reorder terms.

$2 \sin (x) \cos (x) (- 4 \sin^{2} (x) + 2 - \sqrt{3}) = 0$

Step 3

If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to $0$ , the entire expression will be equal to $0$ .

$\sin (x) = 0$

$\cos (x) = 0$

$- 4 \sin^{2} (x) + 2 - \sqrt{3} = 0$

Step 4

Set $\sin (x)$ equal to $0$ and solve for $x$ .

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Step 4.1

Set $\sin (x)$ equal to $0$ .

$\sin (x) = 0$

Step 4.2

Solve $\sin (x) = 0$ for $x$ .

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Step 4.2.1

Take the inverse sine of both sides of the equation to extract $x$ from inside the sine.

$x = \arcsin (0)$

Step 4.2.2

Simplify the right side.

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Step 4.2.2.1

The exact value of $\arcsin (0)$ is $0$ .

$x = 0$

Step 4.2.3

The sine function is positive in the first and second quadrants. To find the second solution, subtract the reference angle from $π$ to find the solution in the second quadrant.

$x = π - 0$

Step 4.2.4

Subtract $0$ from $π$ .

$x = π$

Step 4.2.5

Find the period of $\sin (x)$ .

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Step 4.2.5.1

The period of the function can be calculated using $\frac{2 π}{| b |}$ .

$\frac{2 π}{| b |}$

Step 4.2.5.2

Replace $b$ with $1$ in the formula for period.

$\frac{2 π}{| 1 |}$

Step 4.2.5.3

The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between $0$ and $1$ is $1$ .

$\frac{2 π}{1}$

Step 4.2.5.4

Divide $2 π$ by $1$ .

$2 π$

Step 4.2.6

The period of the $\sin (x)$ function is $2 π$ so values will repeat every $2 π$ radians in both directions.

$x = 2 π n, π + 2 π n$ , for any integer $n$

Step 5

Set $\cos (x)$ equal to $0$ and solve for $x$ .

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Step 5.1

Set $\cos (x)$ equal to $0$ .

$\cos (x) = 0$

Step 5.2

Solve $\cos (x) = 0$ for $x$ .

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Step 5.2.1

Take the inverse cosine of both sides of the equation to extract $x$ from inside the cosine.

$x = \arccos (0)$

Step 5.2.2

Simplify the right side.

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Step 5.2.2.1

The exact value of $\arccos (0)$ is $\frac{π}{2}$ .

$x = \frac{π}{2}$

Step 5.2.3

The cosine function is positive in the first and fourth quadrants. To find the second solution, subtract the reference angle from $2 π$ to find the solution in the fourth quadrant.

$x = 2 π - \frac{π}{2}$

Step 5.2.4

Simplify $2 π - \frac{π}{2}$ .

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Step 5.2.4.1

To write $2 π$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$x = 2 π \cdot \frac{2}{2} - \frac{π}{2}$

Step 5.2.4.2

Combine fractions.

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Step 5.2.4.2.1

Combine $2 π$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$x = \frac{2 π \cdot 2}{2} - \frac{π}{2}$

Step 5.2.4.2.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$x = \frac{2 π \cdot 2 - π}{2}$

Step 5.2.4.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 5.2.4.3.1

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$x = \frac{4 π - π}{2}$

Step 5.2.4.3.2

Subtract $π$ from $4 π$ .

$x = \frac{3 π}{2}$

Step 5.2.5

Find the period of $\cos (x)$ .

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Step 5.2.5.1

The period of the function can be calculated using $\frac{2 π}{| b |}$ .

$\frac{2 π}{| b |}$

Step 5.2.5.2

Replace $b$ with $1$ in the formula for period.

$\frac{2 π}{| 1 |}$

Step 5.2.5.3

The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between $0$ and $1$ is $1$ .

$\frac{2 π}{1}$

Step 5.2.5.4

Divide $2 π$ by $1$ .

$2 π$

Step 5.2.6

The period of the $\cos (x)$ function is $2 π$ so values will repeat every $2 π$ radians in both directions.

$x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 π n, \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 π n$ , for any integer $n$

Step 6

Set $- 4 \sin^{2} (x) + 2 - \sqrt{3}$ equal to $0$ and solve for $x$ .

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Step 6.1

Set $- 4 \sin^{2} (x) + 2 - \sqrt{3}$ equal to $0$ .

$- 4 \sin^{2} (x) + 2 - \sqrt{3} = 0$

Step 6.2

Solve $- 4 \sin^{2} (x) + 2 - \sqrt{3} = 0$ for $x$ .

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Step 6.2.1

Move all terms not containing $\sin (x)$ to the right side of the equation.

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Step 6.2.1.1

Subtract $2$ from both sides of the equation.

$- 4 \sin^{2} (x) - \sqrt{3} = - 2$

Step 6.2.1.2

Add $\sqrt{3}$ to both sides of the equation.

$- 4 \sin^{2} (x) = - 2 + \sqrt{3}$

Step 6.2.2

Divide each term in $- 4 \sin^{2} (x) = - 2 + \sqrt{3}$ by $- 4$ and simplify.

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Step 6.2.2.1

Divide each term in $- 4 \sin^{2} (x) = - 2 + \sqrt{3}$ by $- 4$ .

$\frac{- 4 \sin^{2} (x)}{- 4} = \frac{- 2}{- 4} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{- 4}$

Step 6.2.2.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 6.2.2.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $- 4$ .

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Step 6.2.2.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 4 \sin^{2} (x)}{- 4} = \frac{- 2}{- 4} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{- 4}$

Step 6.2.2.2.1.2

Divide $\sin^{2} (x)$ by $1$ .

$\sin^{2} (x) = \frac{- 2}{- 4} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{- 4}$

Step 6.2.2.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 6.2.2.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 6.2.2.3.1.1

Cancel the common factor of $- 2$ and $- 4$ .

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Step 6.2.2.3.1.1.1

Factor $- 2$ out of $- 2$ .

$\sin^{2} (x) = \frac{- 2 (1)}{- 4} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{- 4}$

Step 6.2.2.3.1.1.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 6.2.2.3.1.1.2.1

Factor $- 2$ out of $- 4$ .

$\sin^{2} (x) = \frac{- 2 \cdot 1}{- 2 \cdot 2} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{- 4}$

Step 6.2.2.3.1.1.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\sin^{2} (x) = \frac{- 2 \cdot 1}{- 2 \cdot 2} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{- 4}$

Step 6.2.2.3.1.1.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\sin^{2} (x) = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{- 4}$

Step 6.2.2.3.1.2

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\sin^{2} (x) = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}$

Step 6.2.3

Take the specified root of both sides of the equation to eliminate the exponent on the left side.

$\sin (x) = \pm \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}}$

Step 6.2.4

Simplify $\pm \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}}$ .

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Step 6.2.4.1

To write $\frac{1}{2}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\sin (x) = \pm \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}}$

Step 6.2.4.2

Write each expression with a common denominator of $4$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 6.2.4.2.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{2}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\sin (x) = \pm \sqrt{\frac{2}{2 \cdot 2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}}$

Step 6.2.4.2.2

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\sin (x) = \pm \sqrt{\frac{2}{4} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}}$

Step 6.2.4.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\sin (x) = \pm \sqrt{\frac{2 - \sqrt{3}}{4}}$

Step 6.2.4.4

Rewrite $\sqrt{\frac{2 - \sqrt{3}}{4}}$ as $\frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{\sqrt{4}}$ .

$\sin (x) = \pm \frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{\sqrt{4}}$

Step 6.2.4.5

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 6.2.4.5.1

Rewrite $4$ as $2^{2}$ .

$\sin (x) = \pm \frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{\sqrt{2^{2}}}$

Step 6.2.4.5.2

Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.

$\sin (x) = \pm \frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{2}$

Step 6.2.5

The complete solution is the result of both the positive and negative portions of the solution.

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Step 6.2.5.1

First, use the positive value of the $\pm$ to find the first solution.

$\sin (x) = \frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{2}$

Step 6.2.5.2

Next, use the negative value of the $\pm$ to find the second solution.

$\sin (x) = - \frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{2}$

Step 6.2.5.3

The complete solution is the result of both the positive and negative portions of the solution.

$\sin (x) = \frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{2}, - \frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{2}$

Step 6.2.6

Set up each of the solutions to solve for $x$ .

$\sin (x) = \frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{2}$

$\sin (x) = - \frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{2}$

Step 6.2.7

Solve for $x$ in $\sin (x) = \frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{2}$ .

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Step 6.2.7.1

Take the inverse sine of both sides of the equation to extract $x$ from inside the sine.

$x = \arcsin (\frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{2})$

Step 6.2.7.2

Simplify the right side.

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Step 6.2.7.2.1

Evaluate $\arcsin (\frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{2})$ .

$x = \frac{π}{12}$

Step 6.2.7.3

The sine function is positive in the first and second quadrants. To find the second solution, subtract the reference angle from $π$ to find the solution in the second quadrant.

$x = π - \frac{π}{12}$

Step 6.2.7.4

Simplify $π - \frac{π}{12}$ .

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Step 6.2.7.4.1

To write $π$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{12}{12}$ .

$x = π \cdot \frac{12}{12} - \frac{π}{12}$

Step 6.2.7.4.2

Combine fractions.

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Step 6.2.7.4.2.1

Combine $π$ and $\frac{12}{12}$ .

$x = \frac{π \cdot 12}{12} - \frac{π}{12}$

Step 6.2.7.4.2.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$x = \frac{π \cdot 12 - π}{12}$

Step 6.2.7.4.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 6.2.7.4.3.1

Move $12$ to the left of $π$ .

$x = \frac{12 \cdot π - π}{12}$

Step 6.2.7.4.3.2

Subtract $π$ from $12 π$ .

$x = \frac{11 π}{12}$

Step 6.2.7.5

Find the period of $\sin (x)$ .

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Step 6.2.7.5.1

The period of the function can be calculated using $\frac{2 π}{| b |}$ .

$\frac{2 π}{| b |}$

Step 6.2.7.5.2

Replace $b$ with $1$ in the formula for period.

$\frac{2 π}{| 1 |}$

Step 6.2.7.5.3

The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between $0$ and $1$ is $1$ .

$\frac{2 π}{1}$

Step 6.2.7.5.4

Divide $2 π$ by $1$ .

$2 π$

Step 6.2.7.6

The period of the $\sin (x)$ function is $2 π$ so values will repeat every $2 π$ radians in both directions.

$x = \frac{π}{12} + 2 π n, \frac{11 π}{12} + 2 π n$ , for any integer $n$

Step 6.2.8

Solve for $x$ in $\sin (x) = - \frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{2}$ .

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Step 6.2.8.1

Take the inverse sine of both sides of the equation to extract $x$ from inside the sine.

$x = \arcsin (- \frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{2})$

Step 6.2.8.2

Simplify the right side.

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Step 6.2.8.2.1

Evaluate $\arcsin (- \frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{2})$ .

$x = - \frac{π}{12}$

Step 6.2.8.3

The sine function is negative in the third and fourth quadrants. To find the second solution, subtract the solution from $2 π$ , to find a reference angle. Next, add this reference angle to $π$ to find the solution in the third quadrant.

$x = 2 π + \frac{π}{12} + π$

Step 6.2.8.4

Simplify the expression to find the second solution.

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Step 6.2.8.4.1

Subtract $2 π$ from $2 π + \frac{π}{12} + π$ .

$x = 2 π + \frac{π}{12} + π - 2 π$

Step 6.2.8.4.2

The resulting angle of $\frac{13 π}{12}$ is positive, less than $2 π$ , and coterminal with $2 π + \frac{π}{12} + π$ .

$x = \frac{13 π}{12}$

Step 6.2.8.5

Find the period of $\sin (x)$ .

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Step 6.2.8.5.1

The period of the function can be calculated using $\frac{2 π}{| b |}$ .

$\frac{2 π}{| b |}$

Step 6.2.8.5.2

Replace $b$ with $1$ in the formula for period.

$\frac{2 π}{| 1 |}$

Step 6.2.8.5.3

The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between $0$ and $1$ is $1$ .

$\frac{2 π}{1}$

Step 6.2.8.5.4

Divide $2 π$ by $1$ .

$2 π$

Step 6.2.8.6

Add $2 π$ to every negative angle to get positive angles.

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Step 6.2.8.6.1

Add $2 π$ to $- \frac{π}{12}$ to find the positive angle.

$- \frac{π}{12} + 2 π$

Step 6.2.8.6.2

To write $2 π$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{12}{12}$ .

$2 π \cdot \frac{12}{12} - \frac{π}{12}$

Step 6.2.8.6.3

Combine fractions.

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Step 6.2.8.6.3.1

Combine $2 π$ and $\frac{12}{12}$ .

$\frac{2 π \cdot 12}{12} - \frac{π}{12}$

Step 6.2.8.6.3.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{2 π \cdot 12 - π}{12}$

Step 6.2.8.6.4

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 6.2.8.6.4.1

Multiply $12$ by $2$ .

$\frac{24 π - π}{12}$

Step 6.2.8.6.4.2

Subtract $π$ from $24 π$ .

$\frac{23 π}{12}$

Step 6.2.8.6.5

List the new angles.

$x = \frac{23 π}{12}$

Step 6.2.8.7

The period of the $\sin (x)$ function is $2 π$ so values will repeat every $2 π$ radians in both directions.

$x = \frac{13 π}{12} + 2 π n, \frac{23 π}{12} + 2 π n$ , for any integer $n$

Step 6.2.9

List all of the solutions.

$x = \frac{π}{12} + 2 π n, \frac{11 π}{12} + 2 π n, \frac{13 π}{12} + 2 π n, \frac{23 π}{12} + 2 π n$ , for any integer $n$

Step 6.2.10

Consolidate the solutions.

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Step 6.2.10.1

Consolidate $\frac{π}{12} + 2 π n$ and $\frac{13 π}{12} + 2 π n$ to $\frac{π}{12} + π n$ .

$x = \frac{π}{12} + π n, \frac{11 π}{12} + 2 π n, \frac{23 π}{12} + 2 π n$ , for any integer $n$

Step 6.2.10.2

Consolidate $\frac{11 π}{12} + 2 π n$ and $\frac{23 π}{12} + 2 π n$ to $\frac{11 π}{12} + π n$ .

$x = \frac{π}{12} + π n, \frac{11 π}{12} + π n$ , for any integer $n$

Step 7

The final solution is all the values that make $2 \sin (x) \cos (x) (- 4 \sin^{2} (x) + 2 - \sqrt{3}) = 0$ true.

$x = 2 π n, π + 2 π n, \frac{π}{2} + 2 π n, \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 π n, \frac{π}{12} + π n, \frac{11 π}{12} + π n$ , for any integer $n$

Step 8

Consolidate the answers.

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Step 8.1

Consolidate $2 π n$ and $π + 2 π n$ to $π n$ .

$x = π n, \frac{π}{2} + 2 π n, \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 π n, \frac{π}{12} + π n, \frac{11 π}{12} + π n$ , for any integer $n$

Step 8.2

Consolidate $\frac{π}{2} + 2 π n$ and $\frac{3 π}{2} + 2 π n$ to $\frac{π}{2} + π n$ .

$x = π n, \frac{π}{2} + π n, \frac{π}{12} + π n, \frac{11 π}{12} + π n$ , for any integer $n$

Step 8.3

Consolidate $π n$ and $\frac{π}{2} + π n$ to $\frac{π n}{2}$ .

$x = \frac{π n}{2}, \frac{π}{12} + π n, \frac{11 π}{12} + π n$ , for any integer $n$