Statistics Examples

${2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}$

Step 1

Find the mean.

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Step 1.1

The mean of a set of numbers is the sum divided by the number of terms.

$\overline{x} = \frac{2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12}{6}$

Step 1.2

Cancel the common factor of $2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12$ and $6$ .

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Step 1.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{2 (1) + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12}{6}$

Step 1.2.2

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{2 \cdot 1 + 2 \cdot 2 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12}{6}$

Step 1.2.3

Factor $2$ out of $2 \cdot 1 + 2 \cdot 2$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{2 \cdot (1 + 2) + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12}{6}$

Step 1.2.4

Factor $2$ out of $6$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{2 \cdot (1 + 2) + 2 (3) + 8 + 10 + 12}{6}$

Step 1.2.5

Factor $2$ out of $2 \cdot (1 + 2) + 2 (3)$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{2 \cdot (1 + 2 + 3) + 8 + 10 + 12}{6}$

Step 1.2.6

Factor $2$ out of $8$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{2 \cdot (1 + 2 + 3) + 2 (4) + 10 + 12}{6}$

Step 1.2.7

Factor $2$ out of $2 \cdot (1 + 2 + 3) + 2 (4)$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{2 \cdot (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) + 10 + 12}{6}$

Step 1.2.8

Factor $2$ out of $10$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{2 \cdot (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) + 2 (5) + 12}{6}$

Step 1.2.9

Factor $2$ out of $2 \cdot (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) + 2 (5)$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{2 \cdot (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) + 12}{6}$

Step 1.2.10

Factor $2$ out of $12$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{2 \cdot (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) + 2 (6)}{6}$

Step 1.2.11

Factor $2$ out of $2 \cdot (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) + 2 (6)$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{2 \cdot (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6)}{6}$

Step 1.2.12

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 1.2.12.1

Factor $2$ out of $6$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{2 \cdot (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6)}{2 (3)}$

Step 1.2.12.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\overline{x} = \frac{2 \cdot (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6)}{2 \cdot 3}$

Step 1.2.12.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\overline{x} = \frac{1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6}{3}$

Step 1.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 1.3.1

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{3 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6}{3}$

Step 1.3.2

Add $3$ and $3$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{6 + 4 + 5 + 6}{3}$

Step 1.3.3

Add $6$ and $4$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{10 + 5 + 6}{3}$

Step 1.3.4

Add $10$ and $5$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{15 + 6}{3}$

Step 1.3.5

Add $15$ and $6$ .

$\overline{x} = \frac{21}{3}$

Step 1.4

Divide $21$ by $3$ .

$\overline{x} = 7$

Step 2

Simplify each value in the list.

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Step 2.1

Convert $2$ to a decimal value.

$2$

Step 2.2

Convert $4$ to a decimal value.

$4$

Step 2.3

Convert $6$ to a decimal value.

$6$

Step 2.4

Convert $8$ to a decimal value.

$8$

Step 2.5

Convert $10$ to a decimal value.

$10$

Step 2.6

Convert $12$ to a decimal value.

$12$

Step 2.7

The simplified values are $2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12$ .

$2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12$

Step 3

Set up the formula for sample standard deviation. The standard deviation of a set of values is a measure of the spread of its values.

$s = \sum_{i = 1}^{n} \sqrt{\frac{{(x_{i} - x_{a v g})}^{2}}{n - 1}}$

Step 4

Set up the formula for standard deviation for this set of numbers.

$s = \sqrt{\frac{{(2 - 7)}^{2} + {(4 - 7)}^{2} + {(6 - 7)}^{2} + {(8 - 7)}^{2} + {(10 - 7)}^{2} + {(12 - 7)}^{2}}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5

Simplify the result.

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Step 5.1

Subtract $7$ from $2$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{{(- 5)}^{2} + {(4 - 7)}^{2} + {(6 - 7)}^{2} + {(8 - 7)}^{2} + {(10 - 7)}^{2} + {(12 - 7)}^{2}}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.2

Raise $- 5$ to the power of $2$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{25 + {(4 - 7)}^{2} + {(6 - 7)}^{2} + {(8 - 7)}^{2} + {(10 - 7)}^{2} + {(12 - 7)}^{2}}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.3

Subtract $7$ from $4$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{25 + {(- 3)}^{2} + {(6 - 7)}^{2} + {(8 - 7)}^{2} + {(10 - 7)}^{2} + {(12 - 7)}^{2}}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.4

Raise $- 3$ to the power of $2$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{25 + 9 + {(6 - 7)}^{2} + {(8 - 7)}^{2} + {(10 - 7)}^{2} + {(12 - 7)}^{2}}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.5

Subtract $7$ from $6$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{25 + 9 + {(- 1)}^{2} + {(8 - 7)}^{2} + {(10 - 7)}^{2} + {(12 - 7)}^{2}}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.6

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{25 + 9 + 1 + {(8 - 7)}^{2} + {(10 - 7)}^{2} + {(12 - 7)}^{2}}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.7

Subtract $7$ from $8$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{25 + 9 + 1 + 1^{2} + {(10 - 7)}^{2} + {(12 - 7)}^{2}}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.8

One to any power is one.

$s = \sqrt{\frac{25 + 9 + 1 + 1 + {(10 - 7)}^{2} + {(12 - 7)}^{2}}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.9

Subtract $7$ from $10$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{25 + 9 + 1 + 1 + 3^{2} + {(12 - 7)}^{2}}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.10

Raise $3$ to the power of $2$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{25 + 9 + 1 + 1 + 9 + {(12 - 7)}^{2}}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.11

Subtract $7$ from $12$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{25 + 9 + 1 + 1 + 9 + 5^{2}}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.12

Raise $5$ to the power of $2$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{25 + 9 + 1 + 1 + 9 + 25}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.13

Add $25$ and $9$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{34 + 1 + 1 + 9 + 25}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.14

Add $34$ and $1$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{35 + 1 + 9 + 25}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.15

Add $35$ and $1$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{36 + 9 + 25}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.16

Add $36$ and $9$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{45 + 25}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.17

Add $45$ and $25$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{70}{6 - 1}}$

Step 5.18

Subtract $1$ from $6$ .

$s = \sqrt{\frac{70}{5}}$

Step 5.19

Divide $70$ by $5$ .

$s = \sqrt{14}$

Step 6

The standard deviation should be rounded to one more decimal place than the original data. If the original data were mixed, round to one decimal place more than the least precise.

$3.7$