Precalculus Examples

$\frac{1}{x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2}}$

Step 1

Decompose the fraction and multiply through by the common denominator.

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Step 1.1

For each factor in the denominator, create a new fraction using the factor as the denominator, and an unknown value as the numerator. Since the factor in the denominator is linear, put a single variable in its place $C$ .

$\frac{A}{x^{2}} + \frac{B}{x} + \frac{C}{{(x + 2)}^{2}}$

Step 1.2

$\frac{A}{x^{2}} + \frac{B}{x} + \frac{C}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{D}{x + 2}$

Step 1.3

Multiply each fraction in the equation by the denominator of the original expression. In this case, the denominator is $x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2}$ .

$\frac{1 (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2}} = \frac{A (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x^{2}} + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.4

Cancel the common factor of $x^{2}$ .

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Step 1.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 1.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1 ({(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} = \frac{A (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x^{2}} + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.5

Cancel the common factor of ${(x + 2)}^{2}$ .

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Step 1.5.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{1 {(x + 2)}^{2}}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} = \frac{A (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x^{2}} + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.5.2

Rewrite the expression.

$1 = \frac{A (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x^{2}} + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.6.1

Cancel the common factor of $x^{2}$ .

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Step 1.6.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$1 = \frac{A (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x^{2}} + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.1.2

Divide $A ({(x + 2)}^{2})$ by $1$ .

$1 = A ({(x + 2)}^{2}) + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.2

Rewrite ${(x + 2)}^{2}$ as $(x + 2) (x + 2)$ .

$1 = A ((x + 2) (x + 2)) + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.3

Expand $(x + 2) (x + 2)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 1.6.3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$1 = A (x (x + 2) + 2 (x + 2)) + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.3.2

Apply the distributive property.

$1 = A (x \cdot x + x \cdot 2 + 2 (x + 2)) + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.3.3

Apply the distributive property.

$1 = A (x \cdot x + x \cdot 2 + 2 x + 2 \cdot 2) + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.4

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 1.6.4.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.6.4.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$1 = A (x^{2} + x \cdot 2 + 2 x + 2 \cdot 2) + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.4.1.2

Move $2$ to the left of $x$ .

$1 = A (x^{2} + 2 \cdot x + 2 x + 2 \cdot 2) + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.4.1.3

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$1 = A (x^{2} + 2 x + 2 x + 4) + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.4.2

Add $2 x$ and $2 x$ .

$1 = A (x^{2} + 4 x + 4) + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.5

Apply the distributive property.

$1 = A x^{2} + A (4 x) + A \cdot 4 + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.6

Simplify.

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Step 1.6.6.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + A \cdot 4 + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.6.2

Move $4$ to the left of $A$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 \cdot A + \frac{B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.7

Cancel the common factor of $x^{2}$ and $x$ .

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Step 1.6.7.1

Factor $x$ out of $B (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + \frac{x (B (x {(x + 2)}^{2}))}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.7.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 1.6.7.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + \frac{x (B (x {(x + 2)}^{2}))}{x} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.7.2.2

Factor $x$ out of $x^{1}$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + \frac{x (B (x {(x + 2)}^{2}))}{x \cdot 1} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.7.2.3

Cancel the common factor.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + \frac{x (B (x {(x + 2)}^{2}))}{x \cdot 1} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.7.2.4

Rewrite the expression.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + \frac{B (x {(x + 2)}^{2})}{1} + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.7.2.5

Divide $B (x {(x + 2)}^{2})$ by $1$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x {(x + 2)}^{2}) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.8

Rewrite ${(x + 2)}^{2}$ as $(x + 2) (x + 2)$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x ((x + 2) (x + 2))) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.9

Expand $(x + 2) (x + 2)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 1.6.9.1

Apply the distributive property.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x (x (x + 2) + 2 (x + 2))) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.9.2

Apply the distributive property.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x (x \cdot x + x \cdot 2 + 2 (x + 2))) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.9.3

Apply the distributive property.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x (x \cdot x + x \cdot 2 + 2 x + 2 \cdot 2)) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.10

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 1.6.10.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.6.10.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x (x^{2} + x \cdot 2 + 2 x + 2 \cdot 2)) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.10.1.2

Move $2$ to the left of $x$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x (x^{2} + 2 \cdot x + 2 x + 2 \cdot 2)) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.10.1.3

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x (x^{2} + 2 x + 2 x + 4)) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.10.2

Add $2 x$ and $2 x$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x (x^{2} + 4 x + 4)) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.11

Apply the distributive property.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x \cdot x^{2} + x (4 x) + x \cdot 4) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.12

Simplify.

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Step 1.6.12.1

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.6.12.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 1.6.12.1.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x \cdot x^{2} + x (4 x) + x \cdot 4) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.12.1.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x^{1 + 2} + x (4 x) + x \cdot 4) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.12.1.2

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x^{3} + x (4 x) + x \cdot 4) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.12.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x^{3} + 4 x \cdot x + x \cdot 4) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.12.3

Move $4$ to the left of $x$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x^{3} + 4 x \cdot x + 4 \cdot x) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.13

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.6.13.1

Move $x$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x^{3} + 4 (x \cdot x) + 4 \cdot x) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.13.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x^{3} + 4 x^{2} + 4 \cdot x) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B (x^{3} + 4 x^{2} + 4 x) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.14

Apply the distributive property.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + B (4 x^{2}) + B (4 x) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.15

Simplify.

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Step 1.6.15.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + B (4 x) + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.15.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + \frac{(C) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.16

Cancel the common factor of ${(x + 2)}^{2}$ .

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Step 1.6.16.1

Cancel the common factor.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + \frac{C (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.16.2

Divide $(C) (x^{2})$ by $1$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + (C) (x^{2}) + \frac{(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.17

Cancel the common factor of ${(x + 2)}^{2}$ and $x + 2$ .

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Step 1.6.17.1

Factor $x + 2$ out of $(D) (x^{2} {(x + 2)}^{2})$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + C x^{2} + \frac{(x + 2) (D (x^{2} (x + 2)))}{x + 2}$

Step 1.6.17.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 1.6.17.2.1

Multiply by $1$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + C x^{2} + \frac{(x + 2) (D (x^{2} (x + 2)))}{(x + 2) \cdot 1}$

Step 1.6.17.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + C x^{2} + \frac{(x + 2) (D (x^{2} (x + 2)))}{(x + 2) \cdot 1}$

Step 1.6.17.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + C x^{2} + \frac{D (x^{2} (x + 2))}{1}$

Step 1.6.17.2.4

Divide $D (x^{2} (x + 2))$ by $1$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + C x^{2} + D (x^{2} (x + 2))$

Step 1.6.18

Apply the distributive property.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + C x^{2} + D (x^{2} x + x^{2} \cdot 2)$

Step 1.6.19

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.6.19.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ .

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Step 1.6.19.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + C x^{2} + D (x^{2} x + x^{2} \cdot 2)$

Step 1.6.19.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + C x^{2} + D (x^{2 + 1} + x^{2} \cdot 2)$

Step 1.6.19.2

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + C x^{2} + D (x^{3} + x^{2} \cdot 2)$

Step 1.6.20

Move $2$ to the left of $x^{2}$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + C x^{2} + D (x^{3} + 2 \cdot x^{2})$

Step 1.6.21

Apply the distributive property.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + C x^{2} + D x^{3} + D (2 x^{2})$

Step 1.6.22

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 A x + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + C x^{2} + D x^{3} + 2 D x^{2}$

Step 1.7

Simplify the expression.

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Step 1.7.1

Move $A$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 x A + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + C x^{2} + D x^{3} + 2 D x^{2}$

Step 1.7.2

Reorder $B$ and $x^{3}$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 x A + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 B x^{2} + 4 B x + C x^{2} + D x^{3} + 2 D x^{2}$

Step 1.7.3

Move $B$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 x A + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 x^{2} B + 4 B x + C x^{2} + D x^{3} + 2 D x^{2}$

Step 1.7.4

Move $B$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 x A + 4 A + B x^{3} + 4 x^{2} B + 4 x B + C x^{2} + D x^{3} + 2 D x^{2}$

Step 1.7.5

Move $4 A$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 x A + B x^{3} + 4 x^{2} B + 4 x B + C x^{2} + D x^{3} + 2 D x^{2} + 4 A$

Step 1.7.6

Move $4 x B$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + 4 x A + B x^{3} + 4 x^{2} B + C x^{2} + D x^{3} + 2 D x^{2} + 4 x B + 4 A$

Step 1.7.7

Move $4 x A$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + B x^{3} + 4 x^{2} B + C x^{2} + D x^{3} + 2 D x^{2} + 4 x A + 4 x B + 4 A$

Step 1.7.8

Move $C x^{2}$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + B x^{3} + 4 x^{2} B + D x^{3} + C x^{2} + 2 D x^{2} + 4 x A + 4 x B + 4 A$

Step 1.7.9

Move $4 x^{2} B$ .

$1 = A x^{2} + B x^{3} + D x^{3} + 4 x^{2} B + C x^{2} + 2 D x^{2} + 4 x A + 4 x B + 4 A$

Step 1.7.10

Move $A x^{2}$ .

$1 = B x^{3} + D x^{3} + A x^{2} + 4 x^{2} B + C x^{2} + 2 D x^{2} + 4 x A + 4 x B + 4 A$

Step 2

Create equations for the partial fraction variables and use them to set up a system of equations.

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Step 2.1

Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of $x^{3}$ from each side of the equation. For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.

$0 = B + D$

Step 2.2

Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of $x^{2}$ from each side of the equation. For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.

$0 = A + 4 B + C + 2 D$

Step 2.3

Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of $x$ from each side of the equation. For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.

$0 = 4 A + 4 B$

Step 2.4

Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of the terms not containing $x$ . For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.

$1 = 4 A$

Step 2.5

Set up the system of equations to find the coefficients of the partial fractions.

$0 = B + D$

$0 = A + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$0 = 4 A + 4 B$

$1 = 4 A$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = A + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$0 = 4 A + 4 B$

$1 = 4 A$

Step 3

Solve the system of equations.

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Step 3.1

Solve for $A$ in $1 = 4 A$ .

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Step 3.1.1

Rewrite the equation as $4 A = 1$ .

$4 A = 1$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = A + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$0 = 4 A + 4 B$

Step 3.1.2

Divide each term in $4 A = 1$ by $4$ and simplify.

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Step 3.1.2.1

Divide each term in $4 A = 1$ by $4$ .

$\frac{4 A}{4} = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = A + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$0 = 4 A + 4 B$

Step 3.1.2.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 3.1.2.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $4$ .

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Step 3.1.2.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{4 A}{4} = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = A + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$0 = 4 A + 4 B$

Step 3.1.2.2.1.2

Divide $A$ by $1$ .

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = A + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$0 = 4 A + 4 B$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = A + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$0 = 4 A + 4 B$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = A + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$0 = 4 A + 4 B$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = A + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$0 = 4 A + 4 B$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = A + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$0 = 4 A + 4 B$

Step 3.2

Replace all occurrences of $A$ with $\frac{1}{4}$ in each equation.

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Step 3.2.1

Replace all occurrences of $A$ in $0 = A + 4 B + C + 2 D$ with $\frac{1}{4}$ .

$0 = (\frac{1}{4}) + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = 4 A + 4 B$

Step 3.2.2

Simplify the right side.

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Step 3.2.2.1

Remove parentheses.

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = 4 A + 4 B$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = 4 A + 4 B$

Step 3.2.3

Replace all occurrences of $A$ in $0 = 4 A + 4 B$ with $\frac{1}{4}$ .

$0 = 4 (\frac{1}{4}) + 4 B$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.2.4

Simplify the right side.

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Step 3.2.4.1

Cancel the common factor of $4$ .

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Step 3.2.4.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$0 = 4 (\frac{1}{4}) + 4 B$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.2.4.1.2

Rewrite the expression.

$0 = 1 + 4 B$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = 1 + 4 B$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = 1 + 4 B$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = 1 + 4 B$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.3

Solve for $B$ in $0 = 1 + 4 B$ .

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Step 3.3.1

Rewrite the equation as $1 + 4 B = 0$ .

$1 + 4 B = 0$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.3.2

Subtract $1$ from both sides of the equation.

$4 B = - 1$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.3.3

Divide each term in $4 B = - 1$ by $4$ and simplify.

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Step 3.3.3.1

Divide each term in $4 B = - 1$ by $4$ .

$\frac{4 B}{4} = \frac{- 1}{4}$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.3.3.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 3.3.3.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $4$ .

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Step 3.3.3.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{4 B}{4} = \frac{- 1}{4}$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.3.3.2.1.2

Divide $B$ by $1$ .

$B = \frac{- 1}{4}$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$B = \frac{- 1}{4}$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$B = \frac{- 1}{4}$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.3.3.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 3.3.3.3.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.4

Replace all occurrences of $B$ with $- \frac{1}{4}$ in each equation.

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Step 3.4.1

Replace all occurrences of $B$ in $0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 B + C + 2 D$ with $- \frac{1}{4}$ .

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 (- \frac{1}{4}) + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.4.2

Simplify the right side.

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Step 3.4.2.1

Simplify $\frac{1}{4} + 4 (- \frac{1}{4}) + C + 2 D$ .

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Step 3.4.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor of $4$ .

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Step 3.4.2.1.1.1

Move the leading negative in $- \frac{1}{4}$ into the numerator.

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 (\frac{- 1}{4}) + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.4.2.1.1.2

Cancel the common factor.

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + 4 (\frac{- 1}{4}) + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.4.2.1.1.3

Rewrite the expression.

$0 = \frac{1}{4} - 1 + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = \frac{1}{4} - 1 + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.4.2.1.2

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{4}{4}$ .

$0 = \frac{1}{4} - 1 \cdot \frac{4}{4} + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.4.2.1.3

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{4}{4}$ .

$0 = \frac{1}{4} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 4}{4} + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.4.2.1.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$0 = \frac{1 - 1 \cdot 4}{4} + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.4.2.1.5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.4.2.1.5.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$0 = \frac{1 - 4}{4} + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.4.2.1.5.2

Subtract $4$ from $1$ .

$0 = \frac{- 3}{4} + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = \frac{- 3}{4} + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.4.2.1.6

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$0 = - \frac{3}{4} + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = - \frac{3}{4} + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

$0 = - \frac{3}{4} + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = B + D$

Step 3.4.3

Replace all occurrences of $B$ in $0 = B + D$ with $- \frac{1}{4}$ .

$0 = (- \frac{1}{4}) + D$

$0 = - \frac{3}{4} + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.4.4

Simplify the right side.

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Step 3.4.4.1

Remove parentheses.

$0 = - \frac{1}{4} + D$

$0 = - \frac{3}{4} + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = - \frac{1}{4} + D$

$0 = - \frac{3}{4} + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = - \frac{1}{4} + D$

$0 = - \frac{3}{4} + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.5

Solve for $D$ in $0 = - \frac{1}{4} + D$ .

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Step 3.5.1

Rewrite the equation as $- \frac{1}{4} + D = 0$ .

$- \frac{1}{4} + D = 0$

$0 = - \frac{3}{4} + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.5.2

Add $\frac{1}{4}$ to both sides of the equation.

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = - \frac{3}{4} + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = - \frac{3}{4} + C + 2 D$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.6

Replace all occurrences of $D$ with $\frac{1}{4}$ in each equation.

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Step 3.6.1

Replace all occurrences of $D$ in $0 = - \frac{3}{4} + C + 2 D$ with $\frac{1}{4}$ .

$0 = - \frac{3}{4} + C + 2 (\frac{1}{4})$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.6.2

Simplify the right side.

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Step 3.6.2.1

Simplify $- \frac{3}{4} + C + 2 (\frac{1}{4})$ .

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Step 3.6.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 3.6.2.1.1.1

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$0 = - \frac{3}{4} + C + 2 (\frac{1}{2 (2)})$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.6.2.1.1.2

Cancel the common factor.

$0 = - \frac{3}{4} + C + 2 (\frac{1}{2 \cdot 2})$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.6.2.1.1.3

Rewrite the expression.

$0 = - \frac{3}{4} + C + \frac{1}{2}$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = - \frac{3}{4} + C + \frac{1}{2}$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.6.2.1.2

To write $\frac{1}{2}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$0 = C - \frac{3}{4} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{2}$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.6.2.1.3

Write each expression with a common denominator of $4$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 3.6.2.1.3.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{2}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$0 = C - \frac{3}{4} + \frac{2}{2 \cdot 2}$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.6.2.1.3.2

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$0 = C - \frac{3}{4} + \frac{2}{4}$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = C - \frac{3}{4} + \frac{2}{4}$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.6.2.1.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$0 = C + \frac{- 3 + 2}{4}$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.6.2.1.5

Add $- 3$ and $2$ .

$0 = C + \frac{- 1}{4}$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.6.2.1.6

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$0 = C - \frac{1}{4}$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = C - \frac{1}{4}$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = C - \frac{1}{4}$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$0 = C - \frac{1}{4}$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.7

Solve for $C$ in $0 = C - \frac{1}{4}$ .

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Step 3.7.1

Rewrite the equation as $C - \frac{1}{4} = 0$ .

$C - \frac{1}{4} = 0$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.7.2

Add $\frac{1}{4}$ to both sides of the equation.

$C = \frac{1}{4}$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

$C = \frac{1}{4}$

$D = \frac{1}{4}$

$B = - \frac{1}{4}$

$A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.8

Solve the system of equations.

$C = \frac{1}{4} D = \frac{1}{4} B = - \frac{1}{4} A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 3.9

List all of the solutions.

$C = \frac{1}{4}, D = \frac{1}{4}, B = - \frac{1}{4}, A = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 4

Replace each of the partial fraction coefficients in $\frac{A}{x^{2}} + \frac{B}{x} + \frac{C}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{D}{x + 2}$ with the values found for $A$ , $B$ , $C$ , and $D$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{x^{2}} - \frac{\frac{1}{4}}{x} + \frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{(x + 2)}^{2}} + \frac{\frac{1}{4}}{x + 2}$