Precalculus Examples

$(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2}, \frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})$

Step 1

Convert from rectangular coordinates $(x, y)$ to polar coordinates $(r, θ)$ using the conversion formulas.

$r = \sqrt{x^{2} + y^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 2

Replace $x$ and $y$ with the actual values.

$r = \sqrt{{(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3

Find the magnitude of the polar coordinate.

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Step 3.1

Use the power rule ${(a b)}^{n} = a^{n} b^{n}$ to distribute the exponent.

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Step 3.1.1

Apply the product rule to $\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2}$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{{(3 \sqrt{2})}^{2}}{2^{2}} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.1.2

Apply the product rule to $3 \sqrt{2}$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{3^{2} {\sqrt{2}}^{2}}{2^{2}} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

$r = \sqrt{\frac{3^{2} {\sqrt{2}}^{2}}{2^{2}} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.2.1

Raise $3$ to the power of $2$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9 {\sqrt{2}}^{2}}{2^{2}} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.2.2

Rewrite ${\sqrt{2}}^{2}$ as $2$ .

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Step 3.2.2.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{2}$ as $2^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9 {(2^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}{2^{2}} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.2.2.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9 \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}{2^{2}} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.2.2.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9 \cdot 2^{\frac{2}{2}}}{2^{2}} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.2.2.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 3.2.2.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9 \cdot 2^{\frac{2}{2}}}{2^{2}} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.2.2.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9 \cdot 2}{2^{2}} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9 \cdot 2}{2^{2}} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.2.2.5

Evaluate the exponent.

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9 \cdot 2}{2^{2}} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9 \cdot 2}{2^{2}} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9 \cdot 2}{2^{2}} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.3

Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.

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Step 3.3.1

Raise $2$ to the power of $2$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9 \cdot 2}{4} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.3.2

Multiply $9$ by $2$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{18}{4} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.3.3

Cancel the common factor of $18$ and $4$ .

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Step 3.3.3.1

Factor $2$ out of $18$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{2 (9)}{4} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.3.3.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 3.3.3.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{2 \cdot 9}{2 \cdot 2} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.3.3.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$r = \sqrt{\frac{2 \cdot 9}{2 \cdot 2} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.3.3.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + {(\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2})}^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.4

Use the power rule ${(a b)}^{n} = a^{n} b^{n}$ to distribute the exponent.

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Step 3.4.1

Apply the product rule to $\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2}$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{{(3 \sqrt{2})}^{2}}{2^{2}}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.4.2

Apply the product rule to $3 \sqrt{2}$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{3^{2} {\sqrt{2}}^{2}}{2^{2}}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{3^{2} {\sqrt{2}}^{2}}{2^{2}}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.5.1

Raise $3$ to the power of $2$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{9 {\sqrt{2}}^{2}}{2^{2}}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.5.2

Rewrite ${\sqrt{2}}^{2}$ as $2$ .

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Step 3.5.2.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{2}$ as $2^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{9 {(2^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}{2^{2}}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.5.2.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{9 \cdot 2^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}{2^{2}}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.5.2.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{9 \cdot 2^{\frac{2}{2}}}{2^{2}}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.5.2.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 3.5.2.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{9 \cdot 2^{\frac{2}{2}}}{2^{2}}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.5.2.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{9 \cdot 2}{2^{2}}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{9 \cdot 2}{2^{2}}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.5.2.5

Evaluate the exponent.

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{9 \cdot 2}{2^{2}}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{9 \cdot 2}{2^{2}}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{9 \cdot 2}{2^{2}}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.6

Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.

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Step 3.6.1

Raise $2$ to the power of $2$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{9 \cdot 2}{4}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.6.2

Multiply $9$ by $2$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{18}{4}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.6.3

Cancel the common factor of $18$ and $4$ .

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Step 3.6.3.1

Factor $2$ out of $18$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{2 (9)}{4}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.6.3.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 3.6.3.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{2 \cdot 9}{2 \cdot 2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.6.3.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{2 \cdot 9}{2 \cdot 2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.6.3.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{9}{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{9}{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9}{2} + \frac{9}{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.6.4

Simplify the expression.

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Step 3.6.4.1

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$r = \sqrt{\frac{9 + 9}{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.6.4.2

Add $9$ and $9$ .

$r = \sqrt{\frac{18}{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.6.4.3

Divide $18$ by $2$ .

$r = \sqrt{9}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.6.4.4

Rewrite $9$ as $3^{2}$ .

$r = \sqrt{3^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

$r = \sqrt{3^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

$r = \sqrt{3^{2}}$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 3.7

Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.

$r = 3$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

$r = 3$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{y}{x})$

Step 4

Replace $x$ and $y$ with the actual values.

$r = 3$

$θ = t a n^{- 1} (\frac{\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2}}{\frac{3 \sqrt{2}}{2}})$

Step 5

The inverse tangent of $1$ is $θ = 45 °$ .

$r = 3$

$θ = 45 °$

Step 6

This is the result of the conversion to polar coordinates in $(r, θ)$ form.

$(3, 45 °)$