Precalculus Examples

${(3 x + y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 1

Pascal's Triangle can be displayed as such:

$1$

$1 - 1$

$1 - 2 - 1$

$1 - 3 - 3 - 1$

$1 - 4 - 6 - 4 - 1$

$1 - 5 - 10 - 10 - 5 - 1$

The triangle can be used to calculate the coefficients of the expansion of ${(a + b)}^{n}$ by taking the exponent $n$ and adding $1$ . The coefficients will correspond with line $n + 1$ of the triangle. For ${(3 x + y^{2})}^{5}$ , $n = 5$ so the coefficients of the expansion will correspond with line $6$ .

Step 2

The expansion follows the rule ${(a + b)}^{n} = c_{0} a^{n} b^{0} + c_{1} a^{n - 1} b^{1} + c_{n - 1} a^{1} b^{n - 1} + c_{n} a^{0} b^{n}$ . The values of the coefficients, from the triangle, are $1 - 5 - 10 - 10 - 5 - 1$ .

$1 a^{5} b^{0} + 5 a^{4} b + 10 a^{3} b^{2} + 10 a^{2} b^{3} + 5 a b^{4} + 1 a^{0} b^{5}$

Step 3

Substitute the actual values of $a$ $3 x$ and $b$ $y^{2}$ into the expression.

$1 {(3 x)}^{5} {(y^{2})}^{0} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(y^{2})}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(y^{2})}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.1

Multiply ${(3 x)}^{5}$ by $1$ .

${(3 x)}^{5} {(y^{2})}^{0} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(y^{2})}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(y^{2})}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.2

Apply the product rule to $3 x$ .

$3^{5} x^{5} {(y^{2})}^{0} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(y^{2})}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(y^{2})}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.3

Raise $3$ to the power of $5$ .

$243 x^{5} {(y^{2})}^{0} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(y^{2})}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(y^{2})}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.4

Multiply the exponents in ${(y^{2})}^{0}$ .

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Step 4.4.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$243 x^{5} y^{2 \cdot 0} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(y^{2})}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(y^{2})}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.4.2

Multiply $2$ by $0$ .

$243 x^{5} y^{0} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(y^{2})}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(y^{2})}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.5

Anything raised to $0$ is $1$ .

$243 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(y^{2})}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(y^{2})}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.6

Multiply $243$ by $1$ .

$243 x^{5} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(y^{2})}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(y^{2})}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.7

Apply the product rule to $3 x$ .

$243 x^{5} + 5 (3^{4} x^{4}) {(y^{2})}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(y^{2})}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.8

Raise $3$ to the power of $4$ .

$243 x^{5} + 5 (81 x^{4}) {(y^{2})}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(y^{2})}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.9

Multiply $81$ by $5$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} {(y^{2})}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(y^{2})}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.10

Multiply the exponents in ${(y^{2})}^{1}$ .

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Step 4.10.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2 \cdot 1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(y^{2})}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.10.2

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(y^{2})}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.11

Apply the product rule to $3 x$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 10 (3^{3} x^{3}) {(y^{2})}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.12

Raise $3$ to the power of $3$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 10 (27 x^{3}) {(y^{2})}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.13

Multiply $27$ by $10$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} {(y^{2})}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.14

Multiply the exponents in ${(y^{2})}^{2}$ .

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Step 4.14.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{2 \cdot 2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.14.2

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.15

Apply the product rule to $3 x$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 10 (3^{2} x^{2}) {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.16

Raise $3$ to the power of $2$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 10 (9 x^{2}) {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.17

Multiply $9$ by $10$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 90 x^{2} {(y^{2})}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.18

Multiply the exponents in ${(y^{2})}^{3}$ .

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Step 4.18.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 90 x^{2} y^{2 \cdot 3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.18.2

Multiply $2$ by $3$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 90 x^{2} y^{6} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.19

Simplify.

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 90 x^{2} y^{6} + 5 (3 x) {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.20

Multiply $3$ by $5$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 90 x^{2} y^{6} + 15 x {(y^{2})}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.21

Multiply the exponents in ${(y^{2})}^{4}$ .

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Step 4.21.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 90 x^{2} y^{6} + 15 x y^{2 \cdot 4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.21.2

Multiply $2$ by $4$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 90 x^{2} y^{6} + 15 x y^{8} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.22

Multiply ${(3 x)}^{0}$ by $1$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 90 x^{2} y^{6} + 15 x y^{8} + {(3 x)}^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.23

Apply the product rule to $3 x$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 90 x^{2} y^{6} + 15 x y^{8} + 3^{0} x^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.24

Anything raised to $0$ is $1$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 90 x^{2} y^{6} + 15 x y^{8} + 1 x^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.25

Multiply $x^{0}$ by $1$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 90 x^{2} y^{6} + 15 x y^{8} + x^{0} {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.26

Anything raised to $0$ is $1$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 90 x^{2} y^{6} + 15 x y^{8} + 1 {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.27

Multiply ${(y^{2})}^{5}$ by $1$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 90 x^{2} y^{6} + 15 x y^{8} + {(y^{2})}^{5}$

Step 4.28

Multiply the exponents in ${(y^{2})}^{5}$ .

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Step 4.28.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 90 x^{2} y^{6} + 15 x y^{8} + y^{2 \cdot 5}$

Step 4.28.2

Multiply $2$ by $5$ .

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} y^{2} + 270 x^{3} y^{4} + 90 x^{2} y^{6} + 15 x y^{8} + y^{10}$