Precalculus Examples

$\sec (\frac{19 π}{12})$

Step 1

Rewrite $\frac{19 π}{12}$ as an angle where the values of the six trigonometric functions are known divided by $2$ .

$\sec (\frac{\frac{19 π}{6}}{2})$

Step 2

Apply the reciprocal identity to $\sec (\frac{\frac{19 π}{6}}{2})$ .

$\frac{1}{\cos (\frac{\frac{19 π}{6}}{2})}$

Step 3

Apply the cosine half-angle identity $\cos (\frac{x}{2}) = \pm \sqrt{\frac{1 + \cos (x)}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\pm \sqrt{\frac{1 + \cos (\frac{19 π}{6})}{2}}}$

Step 4

Change the $\pm$ to $+$ because secant is positive in the fourth quadrant.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1 + \cos (\frac{19 π}{6})}{2}}}$

Step 5

Simplify $\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1 + \cos (\frac{19 π}{6})}{2}}}$ .

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Step 5.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 5.1.1

Subtract full rotations of $2 π$ until the angle is greater than or equal to $0$ and less than $2 π$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{6})}{2}}}$

Step 5.1.2

Apply the reference angle by finding the angle with equivalent trig values in the first quadrant. Make the expression negative because cosine is negative in the third quadrant.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos (\frac{π}{6})}{2}}}$

Step 5.1.3

The exact value of $\cos (\frac{π}{6})$ is $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}{2}}}$

Step 5.1.4

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{2}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}{2}}}$

Step 5.1.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{2 - \sqrt{3}}{2}}{2}}}$

Step 5.2

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 5.2.1

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{2 - \sqrt{3}}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 5.2.2

Multiply $\frac{2 - \sqrt{3}}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}$ .

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Step 5.2.2.1

Multiply $\frac{2 - \sqrt{3}}{2}$ by $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{2 - \sqrt{3}}{2 \cdot 2}}}$

Step 5.2.2.2

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{2 - \sqrt{3}}{4}}}$

Step 5.2.3

Rewrite $\sqrt{\frac{2 - \sqrt{3}}{4}}$ as $\frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{\sqrt{4}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{\sqrt{4}}}$

Step 5.2.4

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 5.2.4.1

Rewrite $4$ as $2^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{\sqrt{2^{2}}}}$

Step 5.2.4.2

Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.

$\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}{2}}$

Step 5.3

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$1 \frac{2}{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}$

Step 5.4

Multiply $\frac{2}{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}$

Step 6

The result can be shown in multiple forms.

Exact Form:

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{2 - \sqrt{3}}}$

Decimal Form:

$3.86370330 \dots$