Precalculus Examples

$\sin (x + y) \cos (x - y) = \frac{\sin (x)}{\sec (x)} + \frac{\cos (y)}{\csc (y)}$

Step 1

Start on the left side.

$\sin (x + y) \cos (x - y)$

Step 2

Apply the sum of angles identity.

$(\sin (x) \cos (y) + \cos (x) \sin (y)) \cos (x - y)$

Step 3

Apply the sum of angles identity $\cos (x + y) = \cos (x) \cos (y) - \sin (x) \sin (y)$ .

$(\sin (x) \cos (y) + \cos (x) \sin (y)) (\cos (x) \cos (- y) - \sin (x) \sin (- y))$

Step 4

Simplify the expression.

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Step 4.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.1.1

Since $\cos (- y)$ is an even function, rewrite $\cos (- y)$ as $\cos (y)$ .

$(\sin (x) \cos (y) + \cos (x) \sin (y)) (\cos (x) \cos (y) - \sin (x) \sin (- y))$

Step 4.1.2

Since $\sin (- y)$ is an odd function, rewrite $\sin (- y)$ as $- \sin (y)$ .

$(\sin (x) \cos (y) + \cos (x) \sin (y)) (\cos (x) \cos (y) - \sin (x) (- \sin (y)))$

Step 4.1.3

Multiply $- \sin (x) (- \sin (y))$ .

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Step 4.1.3.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$(\sin (x) \cos (y) + \cos (x) \sin (y)) (\cos (x) \cos (y) + 1 \sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.1.3.2

Multiply $\sin (x)$ by $1$ .

$(\sin (x) \cos (y) + \cos (x) \sin (y)) (\cos (x) \cos (y) + \sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.2

Expand $(\sin (x) \cos (y) + \cos (x) \sin (y)) (\cos (x) \cos (y) + \sin (x) \sin (y))$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 4.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\sin (x) \cos (y) (\cos (x) \cos (y) + \sin (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\cos (x) \cos (y) + \sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\sin (x) \cos (y) (\cos (x) \cos (y)) + \sin (x) \cos (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\cos (x) \cos (y) + \sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\sin (x) \cos (y) (\cos (x) \cos (y)) + \sin (x) \cos (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\cos (x) \cos (y)) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.3

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.3.1

Multiply $\sin (x) \cos (y) (\cos (x) \cos (y))$ .

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Step 4.3.1.1

Raise $\cos (y)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\sin (x) (\cos^{1} (y) \cos (y)) \cos (x) + \sin (x) \cos (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\cos (x) \cos (y)) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.3.1.2

Raise $\cos (y)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\sin (x) (\cos^{1} (y) \cos^{1} (y)) \cos (x) + \sin (x) \cos (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\cos (x) \cos (y)) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.3.1.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\sin (x) {\cos (y)}^{1 + 1} \cos (x) + \sin (x) \cos (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\cos (x) \cos (y)) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.3.1.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\sin (x) \cos^{2} (y) \cos (x) + \sin (x) \cos (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\cos (x) \cos (y)) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.3.2

Multiply $\sin (x) \cos (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$ .

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Step 4.3.2.1

Raise $\sin (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\sin (x) \cos^{2} (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{1} (x) \sin (x) \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\cos (x) \cos (y)) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.3.2.2

Raise $\sin (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\sin (x) \cos^{2} (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{1} (x) \sin^{1} (x) \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\cos (x) \cos (y)) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.3.2.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\sin (x) \cos^{2} (y) \cos (x) + {\sin (x)}^{1 + 1} \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\cos (x) \cos (y)) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.3.2.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\sin (x) \cos^{2} (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{2} (x) \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\cos (x) \cos (y)) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.3.3

Multiply $\cos (x) \sin (y) (\cos (x) \cos (y))$ .

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Step 4.3.3.1

Raise $\cos (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\sin (x) \cos^{2} (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{2} (x) \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos^{1} (x) \cos (x) \sin (y) \cos (y) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.3.3.2

Raise $\cos (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\sin (x) \cos^{2} (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{2} (x) \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos^{1} (x) \cos^{1} (x) \sin (y) \cos (y) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.3.3.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\sin (x) \cos^{2} (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{2} (x) \cos (y) \sin (y) + {\cos (x)}^{1 + 1} \sin (y) \cos (y) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.3.3.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\sin (x) \cos^{2} (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{2} (x) \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y) \cos (y) + \cos (x) \sin (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$

Step 4.3.4

Multiply $\cos (x) \sin (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$ .

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Step 4.3.4.1

Raise $\sin (y)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\sin (x) \cos^{2} (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{2} (x) \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y) \cos (y) + \cos (x) (\sin^{1} (y) \sin (y)) \sin (x)$

Step 4.3.4.2

Raise $\sin (y)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\sin (x) \cos^{2} (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{2} (x) \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y) \cos (y) + \cos (x) (\sin^{1} (y) \sin^{1} (y)) \sin (x)$

Step 4.3.4.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\sin (x) \cos^{2} (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{2} (x) \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y) \cos (y) + \cos (x) {\sin (y)}^{1 + 1} \sin (x)$

Step 4.3.4.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\sin (x) \cos^{2} (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{2} (x) \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y) \cos (y) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 5

Factor.

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Step 5.1

Factor $\sin (x) \cos (y)$ out of $\sin (x) \cos^{2} (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{2} (x) \cos (y) \sin (y)$ .

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Step 5.1.1

Factor $\sin (x) \cos (y)$ out of $\sin (x) \cos^{2} (y) \cos (x)$ .

$\sin (x) \cos (y) (\cos (y) \cos (x)) + \sin^{2} (x) \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y) \cos (y) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 5.1.2

Factor $\sin (x) \cos (y)$ out of $\sin^{2} (x) \cos (y) \sin (y)$ .

$\sin (x) \cos (y) (\cos (y) \cos (x)) + \sin (x) \cos (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y)) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y) \cos (y) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 5.1.3

Factor $\sin (x) \cos (y)$ out of $\sin (x) \cos (y) (\cos (y) \cos (x)) + \sin (x) \cos (y) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$ .

$\sin (x) \cos (y) (\cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin (x) \sin (y)) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y) \cos (y) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 5.2

Factor $\cos (y)$ out of $\sin (x) \cos (y) (\cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin (x) \sin (y)) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y) \cos (y)$ .

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Step 5.2.1

Factor $\cos (y)$ out of $\sin (x) \cos (y) (\cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin (x) \sin (y))$ .

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) (\cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin (x) \sin (y))) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y) \cos (y) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 5.2.2

Factor $\cos (y)$ out of $\cos^{2} (x) \sin (y) \cos (y)$ .

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) (\cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin (x) \sin (y))) + \cos (y) (\cos^{2} (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 5.2.3

Factor $\cos (y)$ out of $\cos (y) (\sin (x) (\cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin (x) \sin (y))) + \cos (y) (\cos^{2} (x) \sin (y))$ .

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) (\cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin (x) \sin (y)) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 5.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) (\cos (y) \cos (x)) + \sin (x) (\sin (x) \sin (y)) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 5.4

Remove parentheses.

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) \cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin (x) (\sin (x) \sin (y)) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 5.5

Multiply $\sin (x) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$ .

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Step 5.5.1

Raise $\sin (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) \cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{1} (x) \sin (x) \sin (y) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 5.5.2

Raise $\sin (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) \cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{1} (x) \sin^{1} (x) \sin (y) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 5.5.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) \cos (y) \cos (x) + {\sin (x)}^{1 + 1} \sin (y) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 5.5.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) \cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{2} (x) \sin (y) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 5.6

Factor $\sin (x)$ out of $\sin (x) \cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{2} (x) \sin (y)$ .

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Step 5.6.1

Factor $\sin (x)$ out of $\sin (x) \cos (y) \cos (x)$ .

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) (\cos (y) \cos (x)) + \sin^{2} (x) \sin (y) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 5.6.2

Factor $\sin (x)$ out of $\sin^{2} (x) \sin (y)$ .

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) (\cos (y) \cos (x)) + \sin (x) (\sin (x) \sin (y)) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 5.6.3

Factor $\sin (x)$ out of $\sin (x) (\cos (y) \cos (x)) + \sin (x) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$ .

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) (\cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin (x) \sin (y)) + \cos^{2} (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 6

Apply Pythagorean identity in reverse.

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) (\cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin (x) \sin (y)) + (1 - \sin^{2} (x)) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 7

Apply the distributive property.

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) (\cos (y) \cos (x)) + \sin (x) (\sin (x) \sin (y)) + (1 - \sin^{2} (x)) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 8

Multiply $\sin (x) (\sin (x) \sin (y))$ .

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) \cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{2} (x) \sin (y) + (1 - \sin^{2} (x)) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 9

Apply the distributive property.

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) \cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{2} (x) \sin (y) + 1 \sin (y) - \sin^{2} (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 10

Multiply $\sin (y)$ by $1$ .

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) \cos (y) \cos (x) + \sin^{2} (x) \sin (y) + \sin (y) - \sin^{2} (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 11

Apply the distributive property.

$\cos (y) (\sin (x) \cos (y) \cos (x)) + \cos (y) (\sin^{2} (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos (y) (- \sin^{2} (x) \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 12

Simplify.

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Step 12.1

Multiply $\cos (y) (\sin (x) \cos (y) \cos (x))$ .

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Step 12.1.1

Raise $\cos (y)$ to the power of $1$ .

${\cos (y)}^{1} \cos (y) (\sin (x) \cos (x)) + \cos (y) ({\sin (x)}^{2} \sin (y)) + \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos (y) (- {\sin (x)}^{2} \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 12.1.2

Raise $\cos (y)$ to the power of $1$ .

${\cos (y)}^{1} {\cos (y)}^{1} (\sin (x) \cos (x)) + \cos (y) ({\sin (x)}^{2} \sin (y)) + \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos (y) (- {\sin (x)}^{2} \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 12.1.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

${\cos (y)}^{1 + 1} (\sin (x) \cos (x)) + \cos (y) ({\sin (x)}^{2} \sin (y)) + \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos (y) (- {\sin (x)}^{2} \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 12.1.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

${\cos (y)}^{2} (\sin (x) \cos (x)) + \cos (y) ({\sin (x)}^{2} \sin (y)) + \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos (y) (- {\sin (x)}^{2} \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

${\cos (y)}^{2} \sin (x) \cos (x) + \cos (y) {\sin (x)}^{2} \sin (y) + \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos (y) (- {\sin (x)}^{2} \sin (y)) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 12.2

Add $\cos (y) {\sin (x)}^{2} \sin (y)$ and $\cos (y) (- {\sin (x)}^{2} \sin (y))$ .

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Step 12.2.1

Reorder $\cos (y)$ and $- 1$ .

${\cos (y)}^{2} \sin (x) \cos (x) + \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos (y) {\sin (x)}^{2} \sin (y) - 1 \cdot \cos (y) {\sin (x)}^{2} \sin (y) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 12.2.2

Subtract $\cos (y) {\sin (x)}^{2} \sin (y)$ from $\cos (y) {\sin (x)}^{2} \sin (y)$ .

${\cos (y)}^{2} \sin (x) \cos (x) + \cos (y) \sin (y) + 0 + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 12.3

Add ${\cos (y)}^{2} \sin (x) \cos (x)$ and $0$ .

$\cos^{2} (y) \sin (x) \cos (x) + \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 13

Apply Pythagorean identity in reverse.

$(1 - \sin^{2} (y)) \sin (x) \cos (x) + \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 14

Simplify each term.

$\sin (x) \cos (x) - \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x) \cos (x) + \cos (y) \sin (y) + \cos (x) \sin^{2} (y) \sin (x)$

Step 15

Simplify.

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Step 15.1

Add $- {\sin (y)}^{2} \cos (x) \sin (x)$ and ${\sin (y)}^{2} \cos (x) \sin (x)$ .

$\cos (x) \sin (x) + \cos (y) \sin (y) + 0$

Step 15.2

Add $\cos (x) \sin (x)$ and $0$ .

$\cos (x) \sin (x) + \cos (y) \sin (y)$

Step 16

Rewrite $\cos (x) \sin (x) + \cos (y) \sin (y)$ as $\frac{\sin (x)}{\sec (x)} + \frac{\cos (y)}{\csc (y)}$ .

$\frac{\sin (x)}{\sec (x)} + \frac{\cos (y)}{\csc (y)}$

Step 17

Because the two sides have been shown to be equivalent, the equation is an identity.

$\sin (x + y) \cos (x - y) = \frac{\sin (x)}{\sec (x)} + \frac{\cos (y)}{\csc (y)}$ is an identity