Precalculus Examples

${(\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{3})}^{4}$

Step 1

Use the Binomial Theorem.

${\sqrt{x}}^{4} + 4 {\sqrt{x}}^{3} \sqrt{3} + 6 {\sqrt{x}}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2

Simplify terms.

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Step 2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.1.1

Rewrite ${\sqrt{x}}^{4}$ as $x^{2}$ .

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Step 2.1.1.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

${(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{4} + 4 {\sqrt{x}}^{3} \sqrt{3} + 6 {\sqrt{x}}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.1.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$x^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 4} + 4 {\sqrt{x}}^{3} \sqrt{3} + 6 {\sqrt{x}}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.1.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $4$ .

$x^{\frac{4}{2}} + 4 {\sqrt{x}}^{3} \sqrt{3} + 6 {\sqrt{x}}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.1.4

Cancel the common factor of $4$ and $2$ .

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Step 2.1.1.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$x^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2}} + 4 {\sqrt{x}}^{3} \sqrt{3} + 6 {\sqrt{x}}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.1.4.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.1.1.4.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$x^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 (1)}} + 4 {\sqrt{x}}^{3} \sqrt{3} + 6 {\sqrt{x}}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.1.4.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$x^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 \cdot 1}} + 4 {\sqrt{x}}^{3} \sqrt{3} + 6 {\sqrt{x}}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.1.4.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$x^{\frac{2}{1}} + 4 {\sqrt{x}}^{3} \sqrt{3} + 6 {\sqrt{x}}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.1.4.2.4

Divide $2$ by $1$ .

$x^{2} + 4 {\sqrt{x}}^{3} \sqrt{3} + 6 {\sqrt{x}}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.2

Rewrite ${\sqrt{x}}^{3}$ as $\sqrt{x^{3}}$ .

$x^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x^{3}} \sqrt{3} + 6 {\sqrt{x}}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.3

Factor out $x^{2}$ .

$x^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x^{2} x} \sqrt{3} + 6 {\sqrt{x}}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.4

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$x^{2} + 4 (x \sqrt{x}) \sqrt{3} + 6 {\sqrt{x}}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.5

Combine using the product rule for radicals.

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 6 {\sqrt{x}}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.6

Rewrite ${\sqrt{x}}^{2}$ as $x$ .

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Step 2.1.6.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 6 {(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.6.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 6 x^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.6.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 6 x^{\frac{2}{2}} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.6.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.1.6.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 6 x^{\frac{2}{2}} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.6.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 6 x^{1} {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.6.5

Simplify.

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 6 x {\sqrt{3}}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.7

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{2}$ as $3$ .

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Step 2.1.7.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3}$ as $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 6 x {(3^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.7.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 6 x \cdot 3^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.7.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 6 x \cdot 3^{\frac{2}{2}} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.7.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.1.7.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 6 x \cdot 3^{\frac{2}{2}} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.7.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 6 x \cdot 3^{1} + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.7.5

Evaluate the exponent.

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 6 x \cdot 3 + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.8

Multiply $3$ by $6$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 4 \sqrt{x} {\sqrt{3}}^{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.9

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{3}$ as $\sqrt{3^{3}}$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 4 \sqrt{x} \sqrt{3^{3}} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.10

Raise $3$ to the power of $3$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 4 \sqrt{x} \sqrt{27} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.11

Rewrite $27$ as $3^{2} \cdot 3$ .

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Step 2.1.11.1

Factor $9$ out of $27$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 4 \sqrt{x} \sqrt{9 (3)} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.11.2

Rewrite $9$ as $3^{2}$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 4 \sqrt{x} \sqrt{3^{2} \cdot 3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.12

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 4 \sqrt{x} (3 \sqrt{3}) + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.13

Multiply $4 \sqrt{x} (3 \sqrt{3})$ .

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Step 2.1.13.1

Multiply $3$ by $4$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 12 \sqrt{x} \sqrt{3} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.13.2

Combine using the product rule for radicals.

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 12 \sqrt{3 x} + {\sqrt{3}}^{4}$

Step 2.1.14

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{4}$ as $3^{2}$ .

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Step 2.1.14.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3}$ as $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 12 \sqrt{3 x} + {(3^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{4}$

Step 2.1.14.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 12 \sqrt{3 x} + 3^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 4}$

Step 2.1.14.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $4$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 12 \sqrt{3 x} + 3^{\frac{4}{2}}$

Step 2.1.14.4

Cancel the common factor of $4$ and $2$ .

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Step 2.1.14.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 12 \sqrt{3 x} + 3^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2}}$

Step 2.1.14.4.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.1.14.4.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 12 \sqrt{3 x} + 3^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 (1)}}$

Step 2.1.14.4.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 12 \sqrt{3 x} + 3^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 \cdot 1}}$

Step 2.1.14.4.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 12 \sqrt{3 x} + 3^{\frac{2}{1}}$

Step 2.1.14.4.2.4

Divide $2$ by $1$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 12 \sqrt{3 x} + 3^{2}$

Step 2.1.15

Raise $3$ to the power of $2$ .

$x^{2} + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 18 x + 12 \sqrt{3 x} + 9$

Step 2.2

Move $4 x \sqrt{3 x}$ .

$x^{2} + 18 x + 4 x \sqrt{3 x} + 12 \sqrt{3 x} + 9$