Precalculus Examples

$- \frac{4}{x - 1} = \frac{7}{2 - x} + \frac{3}{x + 1}$

Step 1

Find the LCD of the terms in the equation.

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Step 1.1

Finding the LCD of a list of values is the same as finding the LCM of the denominators of those values.

$x - 1, 2 - x, x + 1$

Step 1.2

The LCM is the smallest positive number that all of the numbers divide into evenly.

1. List the prime factors of each number.

2. Multiply each factor the greatest number of times it occurs in either number.

Step 1.3

The number $1$ is not a prime number because it only has one positive factor, which is itself.

Not prime

Step 1.4

The LCM of $1, 1, 1$ is the result of multiplying all prime factors the greatest number of times they occur in either number.

$1$

Step 1.5

The factor for $x - 1$ is $x - 1$ itself.

$(x - 1) = x - 1$

$(x - 1)$ occurs $1$ time.

Step 1.6

The factor for $2 - x$ is $2 - x$ itself.

$(2 - x) = 2 - x$

$(2 - x)$ occurs $1$ time.

Step 1.7

The factor for $x + 1$ is $x + 1$ itself.

$(x + 1) = x + 1$

$(x + 1)$ occurs $1$ time.

Step 1.8

The LCM of $x - 1, 2 - x, x + 1$ is the result of multiplying all factors the greatest number of times they occur in either term.

$(x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)$

Step 2

Multiply each term in $- \frac{4}{x - 1} = \frac{7}{2 - x} + \frac{3}{x + 1}$ by $(x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)$ to eliminate the fractions.

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Step 2.1

Multiply each term in $- \frac{4}{x - 1} = \frac{7}{2 - x} + \frac{3}{x + 1}$ by $(x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)$ .

$- \frac{4}{x - 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 2.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $x - 1$ .

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Step 2.2.1.1

Move the leading negative in $- \frac{4}{x - 1}$ into the numerator.

$\frac{- 4}{x - 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.2.1.2

Factor $x - 1$ out of $(x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)$ .

$\frac{- 4}{x - 1} ((x - 1) ((2 - x) (x + 1))) = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.2.1.3

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 4}{x - 1} ((x - 1) ((2 - x) (x + 1))) = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.2.1.4

Rewrite the expression.

$- 4 ((2 - x) (x + 1)) = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.2.2

Expand $(2 - x) (x + 1)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.2.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$- 4 (2 (x + 1) - x (x + 1)) = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.2.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$- 4 (2 x + 2 \cdot 1 - x (x + 1)) = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.2.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$- 4 (2 x + 2 \cdot 1 - x \cdot x - x \cdot 1) = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.2.3

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.2.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.2.3.1.1

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$- 4 (2 x + 2 - x \cdot x - x \cdot 1) = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.2.3.1.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.2.3.1.2.1

Move $x$ .

$- 4 (2 x + 2 - (x \cdot x) - x \cdot 1) = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.2.3.1.2.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$- 4 (2 x + 2 - x^{2} - x \cdot 1) = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.2.3.1.3

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$- 4 (2 x + 2 - x^{2} - x) = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.2.3.2

Subtract $x$ from $2 x$ .

$- 4 (x + 2 - x^{2}) = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.2.4

Apply the distributive property.

$- 4 x - 4 \cdot 2 - 4 (- x^{2}) = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.2.5

Simplify.

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Step 2.2.5.1

Multiply $- 4$ by $2$ .

$- 4 x - 8 - 4 (- x^{2}) = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.2.5.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 4$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 2.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.3.1.1

Cancel the common factor of $2 - x$ .

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Step 2.3.1.1.1

Factor $2 - x$ out of $(x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((2 - x) ((x - 1) (x + 1))) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.3.1.1.2

Cancel the common factor.

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = \frac{7}{2 - x} ((2 - x) ((x - 1) (x + 1))) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.3.1.1.3

Rewrite the expression.

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 ((x - 1) (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.3.1.2

Expand $(x - 1) (x + 1)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.3.1.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 (x (x + 1) - 1 (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.3.1.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 (x \cdot x + x \cdot 1 - 1 (x + 1)) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.3.1.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 (x \cdot x + x \cdot 1 - 1 x - 1 \cdot 1) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.3.1.3

Combine the opposite terms in $x \cdot x + x \cdot 1 - 1 x - 1 \cdot 1$ .

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Step 2.3.1.3.1

Reorder the factors in the terms $x \cdot 1$ and $- 1 x$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 (x \cdot x + 1 x - 1 x - 1 \cdot 1) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.3.1.3.2

Subtract $1 x$ from $1 x$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 (x \cdot x + 0 - 1 \cdot 1) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.3.1.3.3

Add $x \cdot x$ and $0$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 (x \cdot x - 1 \cdot 1) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.3.1.4

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.3.1.4.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 (x^{2} - 1 \cdot 1) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.3.1.4.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 (x^{2} - 1) + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.3.1.5

Apply the distributive property.

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} + 7 \cdot - 1 + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.3.1.6

Multiply $7$ by $- 1$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1))$

Step 2.3.1.7

Cancel the common factor of $x + 1$ .

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Step 2.3.1.7.1

Factor $x + 1$ out of $(x - 1) (2 - x) (x + 1)$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x + 1) ((x - 1) (2 - x)))$

Step 2.3.1.7.2

Cancel the common factor.

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + \frac{3}{x + 1} ((x + 1) ((x - 1) (2 - x)))$

Step 2.3.1.7.3

Rewrite the expression.

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + 3 ((x - 1) (2 - x))$

Step 2.3.1.8

Expand $(x - 1) (2 - x)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.3.1.8.1

Apply the distributive property.

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + 3 (x (2 - x) - 1 (2 - x))$

Step 2.3.1.8.2

Apply the distributive property.

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + 3 (x \cdot 2 + x (- x) - 1 (2 - x))$

Step 2.3.1.8.3

Apply the distributive property.

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + 3 (x \cdot 2 + x (- x) - 1 \cdot 2 - 1 (- x))$

Step 2.3.1.9

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.3.1.9.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.3.1.9.1.1

Move $2$ to the left of $x$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + 3 (2 \cdot x + x (- x) - 1 \cdot 2 - 1 (- x))$

Step 2.3.1.9.1.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + 3 (2 x - x \cdot x - 1 \cdot 2 - 1 (- x))$

Step 2.3.1.9.1.3

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.3.1.9.1.3.1

Move $x$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + 3 (2 x - (x \cdot x) - 1 \cdot 2 - 1 (- x))$

Step 2.3.1.9.1.3.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + 3 (2 x - x^{2} - 1 \cdot 2 - 1 (- x))$

Step 2.3.1.9.1.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + 3 (2 x - x^{2} - 2 - 1 (- x))$

Step 2.3.1.9.1.5

Multiply $- 1 (- x)$ .

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Step 2.3.1.9.1.5.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + 3 (2 x - x^{2} - 2 + 1 x)$

Step 2.3.1.9.1.5.2

Multiply $x$ by $1$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + 3 (2 x - x^{2} - 2 + x)$

Step 2.3.1.9.2

Add $2 x$ and $x$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + 3 (3 x - x^{2} - 2)$

Step 2.3.1.10

Apply the distributive property.

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + 3 (3 x) + 3 (- x^{2}) + 3 \cdot - 2$

Step 2.3.1.11

Simplify.

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Step 2.3.1.11.1

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + 9 x + 3 (- x^{2}) + 3 \cdot - 2$

Step 2.3.1.11.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + 9 x - 3 x^{2} + 3 \cdot - 2$

Step 2.3.1.11.3

Multiply $3$ by $- 2$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 7 x^{2} - 7 + 9 x - 3 x^{2} - 6$

Step 2.3.2

Simplify by adding terms.

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Step 2.3.2.1

Subtract $3 x^{2}$ from $7 x^{2}$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 4 x^{2} - 7 + 9 x - 6$

Step 2.3.2.2

Subtract $6$ from $- 7$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} = 4 x^{2} + 9 x - 13$

Step 3

Solve the equation.

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Step 3.1

Move all terms containing $x$ to the left side of the equation.

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Step 3.1.1

Subtract $4 x^{2}$ from both sides of the equation.

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{2} = 9 x - 13$

Step 3.1.2

Subtract $9 x$ from both sides of the equation.

$- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{2} - 9 x = - 13$

Step 3.1.3

Combine the opposite terms in $- 4 x - 8 + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{2} - 9 x$ .

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Step 3.1.3.1

Subtract $4 x^{2}$ from $4 x^{2}$ .

$- 4 x - 8 + 0 - 9 x = - 13$

Step 3.1.3.2

Add $- 4 x - 8$ and $0$ .

$- 4 x - 8 - 9 x = - 13$

Step 3.1.4

Subtract $9 x$ from $- 4 x$ .

$- 13 x - 8 = - 13$

Step 3.2

Move all terms not containing $x$ to the right side of the equation.

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Step 3.2.1

Add $8$ to both sides of the equation.

$- 13 x = - 13 + 8$

Step 3.2.2

Add $- 13$ and $8$ .

$- 13 x = - 5$

Step 3.3

Divide each term in $- 13 x = - 5$ by $- 13$ and simplify.

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Step 3.3.1

Divide each term in $- 13 x = - 5$ by $- 13$ .

$\frac{- 13 x}{- 13} = \frac{- 5}{- 13}$

Step 3.3.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 3.3.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $- 13$ .

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Step 3.3.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 13 x}{- 13} = \frac{- 5}{- 13}$

Step 3.3.2.1.2

Divide $x$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{- 5}{- 13}$

Step 3.3.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 3.3.3.1

Dividing two negative values results in a positive value.

$x = \frac{5}{13}$

Step 4

The result can be shown in multiple forms.

Exact Form:

$x = \frac{5}{13}$

Decimal Form:

$x = 0.\overline{384615}$