Precalculus Examples

$\frac{3 a - 1}{a^{2} + 4 a + 4} - \frac{3}{a^{2} + 2 a} = \frac{3}{a}$

Step 1

Factor each term.

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Step 1.1

Factor using the perfect square rule.

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Step 1.1.1

Rewrite $4$ as $2^{2}$ .

$\frac{3 a - 1}{a^{2} + 4 a + 2^{2}} - \frac{3}{a^{2} + 2 a} = \frac{3}{a}$

Step 1.1.2

Check that the middle term is two times the product of the numbers being squared in the first term and third term.

$4 a = 2 \cdot a \cdot 2$

Step 1.1.3

Rewrite the polynomial.

$\frac{3 a - 1}{a^{2} + 2 \cdot a \cdot 2 + 2^{2}} - \frac{3}{a^{2} + 2 a} = \frac{3}{a}$

Step 1.1.4

Factor using the perfect square trinomial rule $a^{2} + 2 a b + b^{2} = {(a + b)}^{2}$ , where $a = a$ and $b = 2$ .

$\frac{3 a - 1}{{(a + 2)}^{2}} - \frac{3}{a^{2} + 2 a} = \frac{3}{a}$

Step 1.2

Factor $a$ out of $a^{2} + 2 a$ .

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Step 1.2.1

Factor $a$ out of $a^{2}$ .

$\frac{3 a - 1}{{(a + 2)}^{2}} - \frac{3}{a \cdot a + 2 a} = \frac{3}{a}$

Step 1.2.2

Factor $a$ out of $2 a$ .

$\frac{3 a - 1}{{(a + 2)}^{2}} - \frac{3}{a \cdot a + a \cdot 2} = \frac{3}{a}$

Step 1.2.3

Factor $a$ out of $a \cdot a + a \cdot 2$ .

$\frac{3 a - 1}{{(a + 2)}^{2}} - \frac{3}{a (a + 2)} = \frac{3}{a}$

Step 2

Find the LCD of the terms in the equation.

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Step 2.1

Finding the LCD of a list of values is the same as finding the LCM of the denominators of those values.

${(a + 2)}^{2}, a (a + 2), a$

Step 2.2

Since ${(a + 2)}^{2}, a (a + 2), a$ contains both numbers and variables, there are four steps to find the LCM. Find LCM for the numeric, variable, and compound variable parts. Then, multiply them all together.

Steps to find the LCM for ${(a + 2)}^{2}, a (a + 2), a$ are:

1. Find the LCM for the numeric part $1, 1, 1$ .

2. Find the LCM for the variable part $a^{1}, a^{1}$ .

3. Find the LCM for the compound variable part ${(a + 2)}^{2}, a + 2$ .

4. Multiply each LCM together.

Step 2.3

The LCM is the smallest positive number that all of the numbers divide into evenly.

1. List the prime factors of each number.

2. Multiply each factor the greatest number of times it occurs in either number.

Step 2.4

The number $1$ is not a prime number because it only has one positive factor, which is itself.

Not prime

Step 2.5

The LCM of $1, 1, 1$ is the result of multiplying all prime factors the greatest number of times they occur in either number.

$1$

Step 2.6

The factor for $a^{1}$ is $a$ itself.

$a^{1} = a$

$a$ occurs $1$ time.

Step 2.7

The LCM of $a^{1}, a^{1}$ is the result of multiplying all prime factors the greatest number of times they occur in either term.

$a$

Step 2.8

The factors for $a + 2$ are $(a + 2) \cdot (a + 2)$ , which is $a + 2$ multiplied by itself $2$ times.

$(a + 2) = (a + 2) \cdot (a + 2)$

$(a + 2)$ occurs $2$ times.

Step 2.9

The factor for $a + 2$ is $a + 2$ itself.

$(a + 2) = a + 2$

$(a + 2)$ occurs $1$ time.

Step 2.10

The LCM of ${(a + 2)}^{2}, a + 2$ is the result of multiplying all factors the greatest number of times they occur in either term.

${(a + 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.11

The Least Common Multiple $LCM$ of some numbers is the smallest number that the numbers are factors of.

$a {(a + 2)}^{2}$

Step 3

Multiply each term in $\frac{3 a - 1}{{(a + 2)}^{2}} - \frac{3}{a (a + 2)} = \frac{3}{a}$ by $a {(a + 2)}^{2}$ to eliminate the fractions.

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Step 3.1

Multiply each term in $\frac{3 a - 1}{{(a + 2)}^{2}} - \frac{3}{a (a + 2)} = \frac{3}{a}$ by $a {(a + 2)}^{2}$ .

$\frac{3 a - 1}{{(a + 2)}^{2}} (a {(a + 2)}^{2}) - \frac{3}{a (a + 2)} (a {(a + 2)}^{2}) = \frac{3}{a} (a {(a + 2)}^{2})$

Step 3.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 3.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor of ${(a + 2)}^{2}$ .

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Step 3.2.1.1.1

Factor ${(a + 2)}^{2}$ out of $a {(a + 2)}^{2}$ .

$\frac{3 a - 1}{{(a + 2)}^{2}} ({(a + 2)}^{2} a) - \frac{3}{a (a + 2)} (a {(a + 2)}^{2}) = \frac{3}{a} (a {(a + 2)}^{2})$

Step 3.2.1.1.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{3 a - 1}{{(a + 2)}^{2}} ({(a + 2)}^{2} a) - \frac{3}{a (a + 2)} (a {(a + 2)}^{2}) = \frac{3}{a} (a {(a + 2)}^{2})$

Step 3.2.1.1.3

Rewrite the expression.

$(3 a - 1) a - \frac{3}{a (a + 2)} (a {(a + 2)}^{2}) = \frac{3}{a} (a {(a + 2)}^{2})$

Step 3.2.1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$3 a \cdot a - 1 a - \frac{3}{a (a + 2)} (a {(a + 2)}^{2}) = \frac{3}{a} (a {(a + 2)}^{2})$

Step 3.2.1.3

Multiply $a$ by $a$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 3.2.1.3.1

Move $a$ .

$3 (a \cdot a) - 1 a - \frac{3}{a (a + 2)} (a {(a + 2)}^{2}) = \frac{3}{a} (a {(a + 2)}^{2})$

Step 3.2.1.3.2

Multiply $a$ by $a$ .

$3 a^{2} - 1 a - \frac{3}{a (a + 2)} (a {(a + 2)}^{2}) = \frac{3}{a} (a {(a + 2)}^{2})$

Step 3.2.1.4

Rewrite $- 1 a$ as $- a$ .

$3 a^{2} - a - \frac{3}{a (a + 2)} (a {(a + 2)}^{2}) = \frac{3}{a} (a {(a + 2)}^{2})$

Step 3.2.1.5

Cancel the common factor of $a (a + 2)$ .

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Step 3.2.1.5.1

Move the leading negative in $- \frac{3}{a (a + 2)}$ into the numerator.

$3 a^{2} - a + \frac{- 3}{a (a + 2)} (a {(a + 2)}^{2}) = \frac{3}{a} (a {(a + 2)}^{2})$

Step 3.2.1.5.2

Factor $a (a + 2)$ out of $a {(a + 2)}^{2}$ .

$3 a^{2} - a + \frac{- 3}{a (a + 2)} (a (a + 2) (a + 2)) = \frac{3}{a} (a {(a + 2)}^{2})$

Step 3.2.1.5.3

Cancel the common factor.

$3 a^{2} - a + \frac{- 3}{a (a + 2)} (a (a + 2) (a + 2)) = \frac{3}{a} (a {(a + 2)}^{2})$

Step 3.2.1.5.4

Rewrite the expression.

$3 a^{2} - a - 3 (a + 2) = \frac{3}{a} (a {(a + 2)}^{2})$

Step 3.2.1.6

Apply the distributive property.

$3 a^{2} - a - 3 a - 3 \cdot 2 = \frac{3}{a} (a {(a + 2)}^{2})$

Step 3.2.1.7

Multiply $- 3$ by $2$ .

$3 a^{2} - a - 3 a - 6 = \frac{3}{a} (a {(a + 2)}^{2})$

Step 3.2.2

Subtract $3 a$ from $- a$ .

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 = \frac{3}{a} (a {(a + 2)}^{2})$

Step 3.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 3.3.1

Cancel the common factor of $a$ .

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Step 3.3.1.1

Factor $a$ out of $a {(a + 2)}^{2}$ .

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 = \frac{3}{a} (a ({(a + 2)}^{2}))$

Step 3.3.1.2

Cancel the common factor.

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 = \frac{3}{a} (a {(a + 2)}^{2})$

Step 3.3.1.3

Rewrite the expression.

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 = 3 {(a + 2)}^{2}$

Step 4

Solve the equation.

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Step 4.1

Simplify $3 {(a + 2)}^{2}$ .

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Step 4.1.1

Rewrite.

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 = 0 + 0 + 3 {(a + 2)}^{2}$

Step 4.1.2

Rewrite ${(a + 2)}^{2}$ as $(a + 2) (a + 2)$ .

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 = 3 ((a + 2) (a + 2))$

Step 4.1.3

Expand $(a + 2) (a + 2)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 4.1.3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 = 3 (a (a + 2) + 2 (a + 2))$

Step 4.1.3.2

Apply the distributive property.

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 = 3 (a \cdot a + a \cdot 2 + 2 (a + 2))$

Step 4.1.3.3

Apply the distributive property.

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 = 3 (a \cdot a + a \cdot 2 + 2 a + 2 \cdot 2)$

Step 4.1.4

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 4.1.4.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.1.4.1.1

Multiply $a$ by $a$ .

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 = 3 (a^{2} + a \cdot 2 + 2 a + 2 \cdot 2)$

Step 4.1.4.1.2

Move $2$ to the left of $a$ .

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 = 3 (a^{2} + 2 \cdot a + 2 a + 2 \cdot 2)$

Step 4.1.4.1.3

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 = 3 (a^{2} + 2 a + 2 a + 4)$

Step 4.1.4.2

Add $2 a$ and $2 a$ .

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 = 3 (a^{2} + 4 a + 4)$

Step 4.1.5

Apply the distributive property.

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 = 3 a^{2} + 3 (4 a) + 3 \cdot 4$

Step 4.1.6

Simplify.

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Step 4.1.6.1

Multiply $4$ by $3$ .

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 = 3 a^{2} + 12 a + 3 \cdot 4$

Step 4.1.6.2

Multiply $3$ by $4$ .

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 = 3 a^{2} + 12 a + 12$

Step 4.2

Move all terms containing $a$ to the left side of the equation.

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Step 4.2.1

Subtract $3 a^{2}$ from both sides of the equation.

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 - 3 a^{2} = 12 a + 12$

Step 4.2.2

Subtract $12 a$ from both sides of the equation.

$3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 - 3 a^{2} - 12 a = 12$

Step 4.2.3

Combine the opposite terms in $3 a^{2} - 4 a - 6 - 3 a^{2} - 12 a$ .

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Step 4.2.3.1

Subtract $3 a^{2}$ from $3 a^{2}$ .

$- 4 a - 6 + 0 - 12 a = 12$

Step 4.2.3.2

Add $- 4 a - 6$ and $0$ .

$- 4 a - 6 - 12 a = 12$

Step 4.2.4

Subtract $12 a$ from $- 4 a$ .

$- 16 a - 6 = 12$

Step 4.3

Move all terms not containing $a$ to the right side of the equation.

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Step 4.3.1

Add $6$ to both sides of the equation.

$- 16 a = 12 + 6$

Step 4.3.2

Add $12$ and $6$ .

$- 16 a = 18$

Step 4.4

Divide each term in $- 16 a = 18$ by $- 16$ and simplify.

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Step 4.4.1

Divide each term in $- 16 a = 18$ by $- 16$ .

$\frac{- 16 a}{- 16} = \frac{18}{- 16}$

Step 4.4.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 4.4.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $- 16$ .

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Step 4.4.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 16 a}{- 16} = \frac{18}{- 16}$

Step 4.4.2.1.2

Divide $a$ by $1$ .

$a = \frac{18}{- 16}$

Step 4.4.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 4.4.3.1

Cancel the common factor of $18$ and $- 16$ .

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Step 4.4.3.1.1

Factor $2$ out of $18$ .

$a = \frac{2 (9)}{- 16}$

Step 4.4.3.1.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 4.4.3.1.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $- 16$ .

$a = \frac{2 \cdot 9}{2 \cdot - 8}$

Step 4.4.3.1.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$a = \frac{2 \cdot 9}{2 \cdot - 8}$

Step 4.4.3.1.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$a = \frac{9}{- 8}$

Step 4.4.3.2

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$a = - \frac{9}{8}$

Step 5

The result can be shown in multiple forms.

Exact Form:

$a = - \frac{9}{8}$

Decimal Form:

$a = - 1.125$

Mixed Number Form:

$a = - 1 \frac{1}{8}$