Precalculus Examples

$(x - 2) (x - 2) (x - 3 i) (x + 3 i)$

Step 1

Expand $(x - 2) (x - 2)$ using the FOIL Method.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.1

Apply the distributive property.

$(x (x - 2) - 2 (x - 2)) (x - 3 i) (x + 3 i)$

Step 1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$(x \cdot x + x \cdot - 2 - 2 (x - 2)) (x - 3 i) (x + 3 i)$

Step 1.3

Apply the distributive property.

$(x \cdot x + x \cdot - 2 - 2 x - 2 \cdot - 2) (x - 3 i) (x + 3 i)$

Step 2

Simplify and combine like terms.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.1

Simplify each term.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$(x^{2} + x \cdot - 2 - 2 x - 2 \cdot - 2) (x - 3 i) (x + 3 i)$

Step 2.1.2

Move $- 2$ to the left of $x$ .

$(x^{2} - 2 \cdot x - 2 x - 2 \cdot - 2) (x - 3 i) (x + 3 i)$

Step 2.1.3

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 2$ .

$(x^{2} - 2 x - 2 x + 4) (x - 3 i) (x + 3 i)$

Step 2.2

Subtract $2 x$ from $- 2 x$ .

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) (x - 3 i) (x + 3 i)$

Step 3

Expand $(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) (x - 3 i)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$(x^{2} x + x^{2} (- 3 i) - 4 x \cdot x - 4 x (- 3 i) + 4 x + 4 (- 3 i)) (x + 3 i)$

Step 4

Simplify each term.

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.1.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.1.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$(x^{2} x^{1} + x^{2} (- 3 i) - 4 x \cdot x - 4 x (- 3 i) + 4 x + 4 (- 3 i)) (x + 3 i)$

Step 4.1.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(x^{2 + 1} + x^{2} (- 3 i) - 4 x \cdot x - 4 x (- 3 i) + 4 x + 4 (- 3 i)) (x + 3 i)$

Step 4.1.2

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 3 i) - 4 x \cdot x - 4 x (- 3 i) + 4 x + 4 (- 3 i)) (x + 3 i)$

Step 4.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.2.1

Move $x$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 3 i) - 4 (x \cdot x) - 4 x (- 3 i) + 4 x + 4 (- 3 i)) (x + 3 i)$

Step 4.2.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 3 i) - 4 x^{2} - 4 x (- 3 i) + 4 x + 4 (- 3 i)) (x + 3 i)$

Step 4.3

Multiply $- 3$ by $- 4$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 3 i) - 4 x^{2} + 12 x i + 4 x + 4 (- 3 i)) (x + 3 i)$

Step 4.4

Multiply $- 3$ by $4$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 3 i) - 4 x^{2} + 12 x i + 4 x - 12 i) (x + 3 i)$

Step 5

Expand $(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 3 i) - 4 x^{2} + 12 x i + 4 x - 12 i) (x + 3 i)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$x^{3} x + x^{3} (3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6

Simplify terms.

Tap for more steps...

Step 6.1

Simplify each term.

Tap for more steps...

Step 6.1.1

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 6.1.1.1

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 6.1.1.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{3} x^{1} + x^{3} (3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.1.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{3 + 1} + x^{3} (3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.1.2

Add $3$ and $1$ .

$x^{4} + x^{3} (3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.2

Move $3$ to the left of $x^{3}$ .

$x^{4} + 3 \cdot x^{3} i + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.3

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 6.1.3.1

Move $x$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x \cdot x^{2} (- 3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.3.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 6.1.3.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{1} x^{2} (- 3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.3.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{1 + 2} (- 3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.3.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.4

Multiply $x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i)$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 6.1.4.1

Multiply $3$ by $- 3$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + x^{2} (- 9 i) i - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.4.2

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + x^{2} (- 9 (i^{1} i)) - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.4.3

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + x^{2} (- 9 (i^{1} i^{1})) - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.4.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + x^{2} (- 9 i^{1 + 1}) - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.4.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + x^{2} (- 9 i^{2}) - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.5

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + x^{2} (- 9 \cdot - 1) - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.6

Multiply $- 9$ by $- 1$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + x^{2} \cdot 9 - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.7

Move $9$ to the left of $x^{2}$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 \cdot x^{2} - 4 x^{2} x - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.8

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 6.1.8.1

Move $x$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 (x \cdot x^{2}) - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.8.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 6.1.8.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 (x^{1} x^{2}) - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.8.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{1 + 2} - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.8.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 4 x^{2} (3 i) + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.9

Multiply $3$ by $- 4$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x i x + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.10

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 6.1.10.1

Move $x$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 (x \cdot x) i + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.10.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i + 12 x i (3 i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.11

Multiply $12 x i (3 i)$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 6.1.11.1

Multiply $3$ by $12$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i + 36 x i i + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.11.2

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i + 36 x (i^{1} i) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.11.3

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i + 36 x (i^{1} i^{1}) + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.11.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i + 36 x i^{1 + 1} + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.11.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i + 36 x i^{2} + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.12

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i + 36 x \cdot - 1 + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.13

Multiply $- 1$ by $36$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i - 36 x + 4 x \cdot x + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.14

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 6.1.14.1

Move $x$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i - 36 x + 4 (x \cdot x) + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.14.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 4 x (3 i) - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.15

Multiply $3$ by $4$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 12 x i - 12 i x - 12 i (3 i)$

Step 6.1.16

Multiply $- 12 i (3 i)$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 6.1.16.1

Multiply $3$ by $- 12$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 12 x i - 12 i x - 36 i i$

Step 6.1.16.2

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 12 x i - 12 i x - 36 (i^{1} i)$

Step 6.1.16.3

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 12 x i - 12 i x - 36 (i^{1} i^{1})$

Step 6.1.16.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 12 x i - 12 i x - 36 i^{1 + 1}$

Step 6.1.16.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 12 x i - 12 i x - 36 i^{2}$

Step 6.1.17

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 12 x i - 12 i x - 36 \cdot - 1$

Step 6.1.18

Multiply $- 36$ by $- 1$ .

$x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 12 x i - 12 i x + 36$

Step 6.2

Simplify by adding terms.

Tap for more steps...

Step 6.2.1

Combine the opposite terms in $x^{4} + 3 x^{3} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 12 x i - 12 i x + 36$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 6.2.1.1

Reorder the factors in the terms $3 x^{3} i$ and $x^{3} (- 3 i)$ .

$x^{4} + 3 i x^{3} - 3 i x^{3} + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 12 x i - 12 i x + 36$

Step 6.2.1.2

Subtract $3 i x^{3}$ from $3 i x^{3}$ .

$x^{4} + 0 + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 12 x i - 12 i x + 36$

Step 6.2.1.3

Add $x^{4}$ and $0$ .

$x^{4} + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 12 x i - 12 i x + 36$

Step 6.2.1.4

Add $- 12 x^{2} i$ and $12 x^{2} i$ .

$x^{4} + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} + 0 - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 12 x i - 12 i x + 36$

Step 6.2.1.5

Add $x^{4} + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3}$ and $0$ .

$x^{4} + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 12 x i - 12 i x + 36$

Step 6.2.1.6

Reorder the factors in the terms $12 x i$ and $- 12 i x$ .

$x^{4} + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 12 i x - 12 i x + 36$

Step 6.2.1.7

Subtract $12 i x$ from $12 i x$ .

$x^{4} + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 0 + 36$

Step 6.2.1.8

Add $x^{4} + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 36 x + 4 x^{2}$ and $0$ .

$x^{4} + 9 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 36 x + 4 x^{2} + 36$

Step 6.2.2

Add $9 x^{2}$ and $4 x^{2}$ .

$x^{4} + 13 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 36 x + 36$

Step 6.2.3

Move $13 x^{2}$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 13 x^{2} - 36 x + 36$