Precalculus Examples

$\tan (3 x) = - \sqrt{3}$

Step 1

Take the inverse tangent of both sides of the equation to extract $x$ from inside the tangent.

$3 x = \arctan (- \sqrt{3})$

Step 2

Simplify the right side.

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Step 2.1

The exact value of $\arctan (- \sqrt{3})$ is $- \frac{π}{3}$ .

$3 x = - \frac{π}{3}$

Step 3

Divide each term in $3 x = - \frac{π}{3}$ by $3$ and simplify.

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Step 3.1

Divide each term in $3 x = - \frac{π}{3}$ by $3$ .

$\frac{3 x}{3} = \frac{- \frac{π}{3}}{3}$

Step 3.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 3.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $3$ .

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Step 3.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{3 x}{3} = \frac{- \frac{π}{3}}{3}$

Step 3.2.1.2

Divide $x$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{- \frac{π}{3}}{3}$

Step 3.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 3.3.1

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$x = - \frac{π}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{3}$

Step 3.3.2

Multiply $- \frac{π}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{3}$ .

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Step 3.3.2.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{3}$ by $\frac{π}{3}$ .

$x = - \frac{π}{3 \cdot 3}$

Step 3.3.2.2

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$x = - \frac{π}{9}$

Step 4

The tangent function is negative in the second and fourth quadrants. To find the second solution, subtract the reference angle from $π$ to find the solution in the third quadrant.

$3 x = - \frac{π}{3} - π$

Step 5

Simplify the expression to find the second solution.

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Step 5.1

Add $2 π$ to $- \frac{π}{3} - π$ .

$3 x = - \frac{π}{3} - π + 2 π$

Step 5.2

The resulting angle of $\frac{2 π}{3}$ is positive and coterminal with $- \frac{π}{3} - π$ .

$3 x = \frac{2 π}{3}$

Step 5.3

Divide each term in $3 x = \frac{2 π}{3}$ by $3$ and simplify.

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Step 5.3.1

Divide each term in $3 x = \frac{2 π}{3}$ by $3$ .

$\frac{3 x}{3} = \frac{\frac{2 π}{3}}{3}$

Step 5.3.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 5.3.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $3$ .

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Step 5.3.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{3 x}{3} = \frac{\frac{2 π}{3}}{3}$

Step 5.3.2.1.2

Divide $x$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{\frac{2 π}{3}}{3}$

Step 5.3.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 5.3.3.1

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$x = \frac{2 π}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{3}$

Step 5.3.3.2

Multiply $\frac{2 π}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{3}$ .

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Step 5.3.3.2.1

Multiply $\frac{2 π}{3}$ by $\frac{1}{3}$ .

$x = \frac{2 π}{3 \cdot 3}$

Step 5.3.3.2.2

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$x = \frac{2 π}{9}$

Step 6

Find the period of $\tan (3 x)$ .

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Step 6.1

The period of the function can be calculated using $\frac{π}{| b |}$ .

$\frac{π}{| b |}$

Step 6.2

Replace $b$ with $3$ in the formula for period.

$\frac{π}{| 3 |}$

Step 6.3

The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between $0$ and $3$ is $3$ .

$\frac{π}{3}$

Step 7

Add $\frac{π}{3}$ to every negative angle to get positive angles.

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Step 7.1

Add $\frac{π}{3}$ to $- \frac{π}{9}$ to find the positive angle.

$- \frac{π}{9} + \frac{π}{3}$

Step 7.2

To write $\frac{π}{3}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{3}{3}$ .

$\frac{π}{3} \cdot \frac{3}{3} - \frac{π}{9}$

Step 7.3

Write each expression with a common denominator of $9$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 7.3.1

Multiply $\frac{π}{3}$ by $\frac{3}{3}$ .

$\frac{π \cdot 3}{3 \cdot 3} - \frac{π}{9}$

Step 7.3.2

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$\frac{π \cdot 3}{9} - \frac{π}{9}$

Step 7.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{π \cdot 3 - π}{9}$

Step 7.5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.5.1

Move $3$ to the left of $π$ .

$\frac{3 \cdot π - π}{9}$

Step 7.5.2

Subtract $π$ from $3 π$ .

$\frac{2 π}{9}$

Step 7.6

List the new angles.

$x = \frac{2 π}{9}$

Step 8

The period of the $\tan (3 x)$ function is $\frac{π}{3}$ so values will repeat every $\frac{π}{3}$ radians in both directions.

$x = \frac{2 π}{9} + \frac{π n}{3}, \frac{2 π}{9} + \frac{π n}{3}$ , for any integer $n$

Step 9

Consolidate the answers.

$x = \frac{2 π}{9} + \frac{π n}{3}$ , for any integer $n$