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Precalculus Examples
Step 1
Step 1.1
Factor the fraction.
Step 1.1.1
Rewrite as .
Step 1.1.2
Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, where and .
Step 1.1.3
Apply the product rule to .
Step 1.2
For each factor in the denominator, create a new fraction using the factor as the denominator, and an unknown value as the numerator. Since the factor in the denominator is linear, put a single variable in its place .
Step 1.3
For each factor in the denominator, create a new fraction using the factor as the denominator, and an unknown value as the numerator. Since the factor in the denominator is linear, put a single variable in its place .
Step 1.4
For each factor in the denominator, create a new fraction using the factor as the denominator, and an unknown value as the numerator. Since the factor in the denominator is linear, put a single variable in its place .
Step 1.5
For each factor in the denominator, create a new fraction using the factor as the denominator, and an unknown value as the numerator. Since the factor in the denominator is linear, put a single variable in its place .
Step 1.6
Multiply each fraction in the equation by the denominator of the original expression. In this case, the denominator is .
Step 1.7
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 1.7.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.7.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 1.8
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 1.8.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.8.2
Divide by .
Step 1.9
Simplify each term.
Step 1.9.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 1.9.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.9.1.2
Divide by .
Step 1.9.2
Rewrite as .
Step 1.9.3
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 1.9.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.9.3.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.9.3.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.9.4
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 1.9.4.1
Simplify each term.
Step 1.9.4.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.4.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 1.9.4.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.4.2
Subtract from .
Step 1.9.5
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.9.6
Simplify.
Step 1.9.6.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.9.6.2
Move to the left of .
Step 1.9.7
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 1.9.7.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.9.7.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 1.9.7.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.7.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.9.7.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 1.9.7.2.4
Divide by .
Step 1.9.8
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.9.9
Move to the left of .
Step 1.9.10
Rewrite as .
Step 1.9.11
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 1.9.11.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.9.11.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.9.11.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.9.12
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 1.9.12.1
Simplify each term.
Step 1.9.12.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.12.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 1.9.12.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.12.2
Subtract from .
Step 1.9.13
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 1.9.14
Simplify each term.
Step 1.9.14.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 1.9.14.1.1
Move .
Step 1.9.14.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.14.1.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.9.14.1.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.9.14.1.3
Add and .
Step 1.9.14.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.9.14.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 1.9.14.3.1
Move .
Step 1.9.14.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.14.4
Move to the left of .
Step 1.9.14.5
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.9.14.6
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.14.7
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.15
Add and .
Step 1.9.16
Subtract from .
Step 1.9.17
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 1.9.17.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.9.17.2
Divide by .
Step 1.9.18
Rewrite as .
Step 1.9.19
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 1.9.19.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.9.19.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.9.19.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.9.20
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 1.9.20.1
Simplify each term.
Step 1.9.20.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.20.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 1.9.20.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.20.2
Add and .
Step 1.9.21
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.9.22
Simplify.
Step 1.9.22.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.9.22.2
Move to the left of .
Step 1.9.23
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 1.9.23.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.9.23.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 1.9.23.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.23.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.9.23.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 1.9.23.2.4
Divide by .
Step 1.9.24
Rewrite as .
Step 1.9.25
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 1.9.25.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.9.25.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.9.25.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.9.26
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 1.9.26.1
Simplify each term.
Step 1.9.26.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.26.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 1.9.26.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.26.2
Add and .
Step 1.9.27
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.9.28
Simplify.
Step 1.9.28.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.9.28.2
Move to the left of .
Step 1.9.29
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 1.9.30
Simplify each term.
Step 1.9.30.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 1.9.30.1.1
Move .
Step 1.9.30.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.30.1.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.9.30.1.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.9.30.1.3
Add and .
Step 1.9.30.2
Move to the left of .
Step 1.9.30.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 1.9.30.3.1
Move .
Step 1.9.30.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.30.4
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.30.5
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.31
Add and .
Step 1.9.32
Add and .
Step 1.10
Simplify the expression.
Step 1.10.1
Move .
Step 1.10.2
Reorder and .
Step 1.10.3
Move .
Step 1.10.4
Move .
Step 1.10.5
Move .
Step 1.10.6
Move .
Step 1.10.7
Move .
Step 1.10.8
Move .
Step 1.10.9
Move .
Step 1.10.10
Move .
Step 1.10.11
Move .
Step 1.10.12
Move .
Step 1.10.13
Move .
Step 2
Step 2.1
Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of from each side of the equation. For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.
Step 2.2
Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of from each side of the equation. For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.
Step 2.3
Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of from each side of the equation. For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.
Step 2.4
Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of the terms not containing . For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.
Step 2.5
Set up the system of equations to find the coefficients of the partial fractions.
Step 3
Step 3.1
Solve for in .
Step 3.1.1
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 3.1.2
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 3.2
Replace all occurrences of with in each equation.
Step 3.2.1
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.2.2
Simplify the right side.
Step 3.2.2.1
Simplify .
Step 3.2.2.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.2.2.1.2
Add and .
Step 3.2.3
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.2.4
Simplify the right side.
Step 3.2.4.1
Simplify .
Step 3.2.4.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.2.4.1.2
Combine the opposite terms in .
Step 3.2.4.1.2.1
Subtract from .
Step 3.2.4.1.2.2
Add and .
Step 3.2.5
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.2.6
Simplify the right side.
Step 3.2.6.1
Simplify .
Step 3.2.6.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.2.6.1.2
Subtract from .
Step 3.3
Solve for in .
Step 3.3.1
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 3.3.2
Move all terms not containing to the right side of the equation.
Step 3.3.2.1
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 3.3.2.2
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 3.4
Replace all occurrences of with in each equation.
Step 3.4.1
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.4.2
Simplify the right side.
Step 3.4.2.1
Simplify .
Step 3.4.2.1.1
Simplify each term.
Step 3.4.2.1.1.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.4.2.1.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.2.1.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.2.1.2
Simplify by adding terms.
Step 3.4.2.1.2.1
Combine the opposite terms in .
Step 3.4.2.1.2.1.1
Add and .
Step 3.4.2.1.2.1.2
Add and .
Step 3.4.2.1.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 3.4.3
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.4.4
Simplify the right side.
Step 3.4.4.1
Simplify .
Step 3.4.4.1.1
Simplify each term.
Step 3.4.4.1.1.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.4.4.1.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.4.1.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.4.1.2
Add and .
Step 3.5
Solve for in .
Step 3.5.1
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 3.5.2
Divide each term in by and simplify.
Step 3.5.2.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 3.5.2.2
Simplify the left side.
Step 3.5.2.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 3.5.2.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.5.2.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 3.5.2.3
Simplify the right side.
Step 3.5.2.3.1
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 3.5.2.3.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.5.2.3.1.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 3.5.2.3.1.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.5.2.3.1.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.5.2.3.1.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 3.5.2.3.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.6
Replace all occurrences of with in each equation.
Step 3.6.1
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.6.2
Simplify the right side.
Step 3.6.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 3.6.2.1.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 3.6.2.1.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.6.2.1.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 3.6.3
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.6.4
Simplify the right side.
Step 3.6.4.1
Simplify each term.
Step 3.6.4.1.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 3.6.4.1.1.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 3.6.4.1.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 3.6.4.1.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 3.6.4.1.1.4
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.6.4.1.1.5
Rewrite the expression.
Step 3.6.4.1.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.6.4.1.3
Multiply .
Step 3.6.4.1.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.6.4.1.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.6.5
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.6.6
Simplify the right side.
Step 3.6.6.1
Multiply .
Step 3.6.6.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.6.6.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.7
Solve for in .
Step 3.7.1
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 3.7.2
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 3.7.3
Divide each term in by and simplify.
Step 3.7.3.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 3.7.3.2
Simplify the left side.
Step 3.7.3.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 3.7.3.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.7.3.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 3.8
Replace all occurrences of with in each equation.
Step 3.8.1
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.8.2
Simplify the right side.
Step 3.8.2.1
Simplify .
Step 3.8.2.1.1
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 3.8.2.1.2
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
Step 3.8.2.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.8.2.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.8.2.1.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.8.2.1.4
Add and .
Step 3.9
List all of the solutions.
Step 4
Replace each of the partial fraction coefficients in with the values found for , , , and .