Precalculus Examples

Split Using Partial Fraction Decomposition (x^4+x^2+1)/(x^2(2x^2+3)^2)
Step 1
Decompose the fraction and multiply through by the common denominator.
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Step 1.1
For each factor in the denominator, create a new fraction using the factor as the denominator, and an unknown value as the numerator. Since the factor is 2nd order, terms are required in the numerator. The number of terms required in the numerator is always equal to the order of the factor in the denominator.
Step 1.2
For each factor in the denominator, create a new fraction using the factor as the denominator, and an unknown value as the numerator. Since the factor is 2nd order, terms are required in the numerator. The number of terms required in the numerator is always equal to the order of the factor in the denominator.
Step 1.3
Multiply each fraction in the equation by the denominator of the original expression. In this case, the denominator is .
Step 1.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 1.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 1.5
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 1.5.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.5.2
Divide by .
Step 1.6
Simplify each term.
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Step 1.6.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 1.6.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.6.1.2
Divide by .
Step 1.6.2
Rewrite as .
Step 1.6.3
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 1.6.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.3.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.3.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.4
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 1.6.4.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 1.6.4.1.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.4.1.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.4.1.2.1
Move .
Step 1.6.4.1.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.6.4.1.2.3
Add and .
Step 1.6.4.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.4.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.4.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.4.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.4.2
Add and .
Step 1.6.5
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.6
Simplify.
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Step 1.6.6.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.6.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.6.3
Move to the left of .
Step 1.6.7
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 1.6.7.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.6.7.2
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 1.6.7.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.6.7.2.2
Factor out of .
Step 1.6.7.2.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.6.7.2.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 1.6.7.2.5
Divide by .
Step 1.6.8
Rewrite as .
Step 1.6.9
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 1.6.9.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.9.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.9.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.10
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 1.6.10.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 1.6.10.1.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.10.1.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.10.1.2.1
Move .
Step 1.6.10.1.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.6.10.1.2.3
Add and .
Step 1.6.10.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.10.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.10.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.10.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.10.2
Add and .
Step 1.6.11
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.12
Simplify.
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Step 1.6.12.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.12.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.12.3
Move to the left of .
Step 1.6.13
Simplify each term.
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Step 1.6.13.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.13.1.1
Move .
Step 1.6.13.1.2
Multiply by .
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Step 1.6.13.1.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.6.13.1.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.6.13.1.3
Add and .
Step 1.6.13.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.13.2.1
Move .
Step 1.6.13.2.2
Multiply by .
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Step 1.6.13.2.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.6.13.2.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.6.13.2.3
Add and .
Step 1.6.14
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.15
Simplify.
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Step 1.6.15.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.15.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.15.3
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.16
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 1.6.16.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.6.16.2
Divide by .
Step 1.6.17
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.18
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.18.1
Move .
Step 1.6.18.2
Multiply by .
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Step 1.6.18.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.6.18.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.6.18.3
Add and .
Step 1.6.19
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 1.6.19.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.6.19.2
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 1.6.19.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.19.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.6.19.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 1.6.19.2.4
Divide by .
Step 1.6.20
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.21
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.22
Move to the left of .
Step 1.6.23
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.23.1
Move .
Step 1.6.23.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.6.23.3
Add and .
Step 1.6.24
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 1.6.24.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.24.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.24.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.25
Simplify each term.
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Step 1.6.25.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.25.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.25.2.1
Move .
Step 1.6.25.2.2
Multiply by .
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Step 1.6.25.2.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.6.25.2.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.6.25.2.3
Add and .
Step 1.6.25.3
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.25.4
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.25.4.1
Move .
Step 1.6.25.4.2
Multiply by .
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Step 1.6.25.4.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.6.25.4.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.6.25.4.3
Add and .
Step 1.6.25.5
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.25.6
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.7
Reorder.
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Step 1.7.1
Move .
Step 1.7.2
Move .
Step 1.7.3
Move .
Step 1.7.4
Move .
Step 1.7.5
Move .
Step 1.7.6
Move .
Step 1.7.7
Move .
Step 1.7.8
Move .
Step 1.7.9
Move .
Step 1.7.10
Move .
Step 1.7.11
Move .
Step 1.7.12
Move .
Step 1.7.13
Move .
Step 1.7.14
Move .
Step 1.7.15
Move .
Step 1.7.16
Move .
Step 1.7.17
Move .
Step 2
Create equations for the partial fraction variables and use them to set up a system of equations.
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Step 2.1
Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of from each side of the equation. For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.
Step 2.2
Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of from each side of the equation. For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.
Step 2.3
Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of from each side of the equation. For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.
Step 2.4
Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of from each side of the equation. For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.
Step 2.5
Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of from each side of the equation. For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.
Step 2.6
Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of the terms not containing . For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.
Step 2.7
Set up the system of equations to find the coefficients of the partial fractions.
Step 3
Solve the system of equations.
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Step 3.1
Solve for in .
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Step 3.1.1
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 3.1.2
Divide each term in by and simplify.
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Step 3.1.2.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 3.1.2.2
Simplify the left side.
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Step 3.1.2.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 3.1.2.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.1.2.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 3.1.2.3
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.1.2.3.1
Divide by .
Step 3.2
Replace all occurrences of with in each equation.
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Step 3.2.1
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.2.2
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.2.2.1
Simplify .
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Step 3.2.2.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.2.2.1.2
Add and .
Step 3.2.3
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.2.4
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.2.4.1
Simplify .
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Step 3.2.4.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.2.4.1.2
Add and .
Step 3.2.5
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 3.2.6
Divide each term in by and simplify.
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Step 3.2.6.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 3.2.6.2
Simplify the left side.
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Step 3.2.6.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 3.2.6.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.2.6.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 3.3
Replace all occurrences of with in each equation.
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Step 3.3.1
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 3.3.2
Divide each term in by and simplify.
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Step 3.3.2.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 3.3.2.2
Simplify the left side.
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Step 3.3.2.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 3.3.2.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.3.2.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 3.3.2.3
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.3.2.3.1
Divide by .
Step 3.3.3
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.3.4
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.3.4.1
Combine and .
Step 3.3.5
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.3.6
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.3.6.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 3.3.6.1.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 3.3.6.1.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.3.6.1.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 3.3.6.1.1.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.3.6.1.1.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 3.3.6.1.2
Combine and .
Step 3.4
Replace all occurrences of with in each equation.
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Step 3.4.1
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 3.4.2
Move all terms not containing to the right side of the equation.
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Step 3.4.2.1
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 3.4.2.2
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 3.4.2.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.4.2.4
Subtract from .
Step 3.4.3
Divide each term in by and simplify.
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Step 3.4.3.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 3.4.3.2
Simplify the left side.
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Step 3.4.3.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 3.4.3.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.4.3.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 3.4.3.3
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.4.3.3.1
Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.
Step 3.4.3.3.2
Multiply .
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Step 3.4.3.3.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.3.3.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.4
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.4.5
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.4.5.1
Simplify .
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Step 3.4.5.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.5.1.2
Add and .
Step 3.5
Replace all occurrences of with in each equation.
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Step 3.5.1
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 3.5.2
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.5.3
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.5.3.1
Simplify .
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Step 3.5.3.1.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 3.5.3.1.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.5.3.1.1.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.5.3.1.1.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 3.5.3.1.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 3.5.3.1.3
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
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Step 3.5.3.1.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.5.3.1.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.5.3.1.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.5.3.1.5
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 3.5.3.1.5.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.5.3.1.5.2
Add and .
Step 3.6
Solve for in .
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Step 3.6.1
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 3.6.2
Move all terms not containing to the right side of the equation.
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Step 3.6.2.1
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 3.6.2.2
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 3.6.2.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.6.2.4
Subtract from .
Step 3.6.2.5
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.7
Solve the system of equations.
Step 3.8
List all of the solutions.
Step 4
Replace each of the partial fraction coefficients in with the values found for , , , , , and .
Step 5
Simplify.
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Step 5.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.2
Subtract from .
Step 5.3
Multiply by .
Step 5.4
Add and .