Precalculus Examples

$\frac{2 \tan (\frac{7 π}{8})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 1.1

The exact value of $\tan (\frac{7 π}{8})$ is $- \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ .

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Step 1.1.1

Rewrite $\frac{7 π}{8}$ as an angle where the values of the six trigonometric functions are known divided by $2$ .

$\frac{2 \tan (\frac{\frac{7 π}{4}}{2})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.2

Apply the tangent half-angle identity.

$\frac{2 (\pm \sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.3

Change the $\pm$ to $-$ because tangent is negative in the second quadrant.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4

Simplify $- \sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}}$ .

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Step 1.1.4.1

Apply the reference angle by finding the angle with equivalent trig values in the first quadrant.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos (\frac{π}{4})}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.2

The exact value of $\cos (\frac{π}{4})$ is $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.3

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.5

Apply the reference angle by finding the angle with equivalent trig values in the first quadrant.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}{1 + \cos (\frac{π}{4})}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.6

The exact value of $\cos (\frac{π}{4})$ is $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}{1 + \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.7

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}{\frac{2}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.8

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}{\frac{2 + \sqrt{2}}{2}}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.9

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{2 + \sqrt{2}}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.10

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 1.1.4.10.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{2 + \sqrt{2}}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.10.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{(2 - \sqrt{2}) \frac{1}{2 + \sqrt{2}}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.11

Multiply $\frac{1}{2 + \sqrt{2}}$ by $\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2 - \sqrt{2}}$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{(2 - \sqrt{2}) (\frac{1}{2 + \sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2 - \sqrt{2}})})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.12

Multiply $\frac{1}{2 + \sqrt{2}}$ by $\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2 - \sqrt{2}}$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{(2 - \sqrt{2}) \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{(2 + \sqrt{2}) (2 - \sqrt{2})}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.13

Expand the denominator using the FOIL method.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{(2 - \sqrt{2}) \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{4 - 2 \sqrt{2} + \sqrt{2} \cdot 2 - {\sqrt{2}}^{2}}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.14

Simplify.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{(2 - \sqrt{2}) \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.15

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2} - \sqrt{2} \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.16

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 1.1.4.16.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2} - \sqrt{2} \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.16.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.17

Combine $\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}$ and $\sqrt{2}$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{(2 - \sqrt{2}) \sqrt{2}}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.1.4.18.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} \sqrt{2}}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.2

Multiply $- \sqrt{2} \sqrt{2}$ .

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Step 1.1.4.18.2.1

Raise $\sqrt{2}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - ({\sqrt{2}}^{1} \sqrt{2})}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.2.2

Raise $\sqrt{2}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - ({\sqrt{2}}^{1} {\sqrt{2}}^{1})}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.2.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - {\sqrt{2}}^{1 + 1}}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.2.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - {\sqrt{2}}^{2}}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.3

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.1.4.18.3.1

Rewrite ${\sqrt{2}}^{2}$ as $2$ .

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Step 1.1.4.18.3.1.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{2}$ as $2^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - {(2^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.3.1.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 2^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.3.1.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 2^{\frac{2}{2}}}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.3.1.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 1.1.4.18.3.1.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 2^{\frac{2}{2}}}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.3.1.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 2^{1}}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.3.1.5

Evaluate the exponent.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 1 \cdot 2}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.3.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 2}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.4

Cancel the common factor of $2 \sqrt{2} - 2$ and $2$ .

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Step 1.1.4.18.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 \sqrt{2}$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 (\sqrt{2}) - 2}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.4.2

Factor $2$ out of $- 2$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 (\sqrt{2}) + 2 \cdot - 1}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.4.3

Factor $2$ out of $2 (\sqrt{2}) + 2 (- 1)$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 (\sqrt{2} - 1)}{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.4.4

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 1.1.4.18.4.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 (\sqrt{2} - 1)}{2 (1)}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.4.4.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 (\sqrt{2} - 1)}{2 \cdot 1}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.4.4.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{\sqrt{2} - 1}{1}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.4.4.4

Divide $\sqrt{2} - 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - (\sqrt{2} - 1)})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.5

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} - - 1})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.18.6

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} + 1})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.19

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{3 - \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.1.4.20

Subtract $\sqrt{2}$ from $- \sqrt{2}$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

$\frac{2 \cdot - 1 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.2

Combine exponents.

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Step 1.2.1

Factor out negative.

$\frac{- (2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}})}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 1.2.2

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 2

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 2.1

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1^{2} - \tan^{2} (\frac{7 π}{8})}$

Step 2.2

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = 1$ and $b = \tan (\frac{7 π}{8})$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 + \tan (\frac{7 π}{8})) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3

Simplify.

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Step 2.3.1

The exact value of $\tan (\frac{7 π}{8})$ is $- \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ .

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Step 2.3.1.1

Rewrite $\frac{7 π}{8}$ as an angle where the values of the six trigonometric functions are known divided by $2$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 + \tan (\frac{\frac{7 π}{4}}{2})) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.2

Apply the tangent half-angle identity.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 \pm \sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.3

Change the $\pm$ to $-$ because tangent is negative in the second quadrant.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4

Simplify $- \sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}}$ .

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Step 2.3.1.4.1

Apply the reference angle by finding the angle with equivalent trig values in the first quadrant.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos (\frac{π}{4})}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.2

The exact value of $\cos (\frac{π}{4})$ is $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.3

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.5

Apply the reference angle by finding the angle with equivalent trig values in the first quadrant.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}{1 + \cos (\frac{π}{4})}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.6

The exact value of $\cos (\frac{π}{4})$ is $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}{1 + \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.7

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}{\frac{2}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.8

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}{\frac{2 + \sqrt{2}}{2}}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.9

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{2 + \sqrt{2}}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.10

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.3.1.4.10.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{2 + \sqrt{2}}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.10.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{(2 - \sqrt{2}) \frac{1}{2 + \sqrt{2}}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.11

Multiply $\frac{1}{2 + \sqrt{2}}$ by $\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2 - \sqrt{2}}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{(2 - \sqrt{2}) (\frac{1}{2 + \sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2 - \sqrt{2}})}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.12

Multiply $\frac{1}{2 + \sqrt{2}}$ by $\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2 - \sqrt{2}}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{(2 - \sqrt{2}) \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{(2 + \sqrt{2}) (2 - \sqrt{2})}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.13

Expand the denominator using the FOIL method.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{(2 - \sqrt{2}) \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{4 - 2 \sqrt{2} + \sqrt{2} \cdot 2 - {\sqrt{2}}^{2}}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.14

Simplify.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{(2 - \sqrt{2}) \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.15

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2} - \sqrt{2} \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.16

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.3.1.4.16.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2} - \sqrt{2} \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.16.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.17

Combine $\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}$ and $\sqrt{2}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{(2 - \sqrt{2}) \sqrt{2}}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.3.1.4.18.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} \sqrt{2}}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.2

Multiply $- \sqrt{2} \sqrt{2}$ .

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Step 2.3.1.4.18.2.1

Raise $\sqrt{2}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - ({\sqrt{2}}^{1} \sqrt{2})}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.2.2

Raise $\sqrt{2}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - ({\sqrt{2}}^{1} {\sqrt{2}}^{1})}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.2.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - {\sqrt{2}}^{1 + 1}}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.2.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - {\sqrt{2}}^{2}}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.3

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.3.1.4.18.3.1

Rewrite ${\sqrt{2}}^{2}$ as $2$ .

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Step 2.3.1.4.18.3.1.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{2}$ as $2^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - {(2^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.3.1.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 2^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.3.1.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 2^{\frac{2}{2}}}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.3.1.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.3.1.4.18.3.1.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 2^{\frac{2}{2}}}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.3.1.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 2^{1}}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.3.1.5

Evaluate the exponent.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.3.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 2}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.4

Cancel the common factor of $2 \sqrt{2} - 2$ and $2$ .

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Step 2.3.1.4.18.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 \sqrt{2}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 (\sqrt{2}) - 2}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.4.2

Factor $2$ out of $- 2$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 (\sqrt{2}) + 2 \cdot - 1}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.4.3

Factor $2$ out of $2 (\sqrt{2}) + 2 (- 1)$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 (\sqrt{2} - 1)}{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.4.4

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.3.1.4.18.4.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 (\sqrt{2} - 1)}{2 (1)}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.4.4.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 (\sqrt{2} - 1)}{2 \cdot 1}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.4.4.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{\sqrt{2} - 1}{1}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.4.4.4

Divide $\sqrt{2} - 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - (\sqrt{2} - 1)}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.5

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} - - 1}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.18.6

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} + 1}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.19

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.1.4.20

Subtract $\sqrt{2}$ from $- \sqrt{2}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{7 π}{8}))}$

Step 2.3.2

The exact value of $\tan (\frac{7 π}{8})$ is $- \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ .

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Step 2.3.2.1

Rewrite $\frac{7 π}{8}$ as an angle where the values of the six trigonometric functions are known divided by $2$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - \tan (\frac{\frac{7 π}{4}}{2}))}$

Step 2.3.2.2

Apply the tangent half-angle identity.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - (\pm \sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}}))}$

Step 2.3.2.3

Change the $\pm$ to $-$ because tangent is negative in the second quadrant.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4

Simplify $- \sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}}$ .

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Step 2.3.2.4.1

Apply the reference angle by finding the angle with equivalent trig values in the first quadrant.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos (\frac{π}{4})}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.2

The exact value of $\cos (\frac{π}{4})$ is $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.3

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}{1 + \cos (\frac{7 π}{4})}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.5

Apply the reference angle by finding the angle with equivalent trig values in the first quadrant.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}{1 + \cos (\frac{π}{4})}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.6

The exact value of $\cos (\frac{π}{4})$ is $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}{1 + \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.7

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}{\frac{2}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.8

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{\frac{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}}{\frac{2 + \sqrt{2}}{2}}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.9

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{2 + \sqrt{2}}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.10

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.3.2.4.10.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{2 + \sqrt{2}}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.10.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{(2 - \sqrt{2}) \frac{1}{2 + \sqrt{2}}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.11

Multiply $\frac{1}{2 + \sqrt{2}}$ by $\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2 - \sqrt{2}}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{(2 - \sqrt{2}) (\frac{1}{2 + \sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2 - \sqrt{2}})})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.12

Multiply $\frac{1}{2 + \sqrt{2}}$ by $\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2 - \sqrt{2}}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{(2 - \sqrt{2}) \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{(2 + \sqrt{2}) (2 - \sqrt{2})}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.13

Expand the denominator using the FOIL method.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{(2 - \sqrt{2}) \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{4 - 2 \sqrt{2} + \sqrt{2} \cdot 2 - {\sqrt{2}}^{2}}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.14

Simplify.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{(2 - \sqrt{2}) \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.15

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2} - \sqrt{2} \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.16

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.3.2.4.16.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2} - \sqrt{2} \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.16.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} \frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.17

Combine $\frac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}$ and $\sqrt{2}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{(2 - \sqrt{2}) \sqrt{2}}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.3.2.4.18.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} \sqrt{2}}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.2

Multiply $- \sqrt{2} \sqrt{2}$ .

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Step 2.3.2.4.18.2.1

Raise $\sqrt{2}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - ({\sqrt{2}}^{1} \sqrt{2})}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.2.2

Raise $\sqrt{2}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - ({\sqrt{2}}^{1} {\sqrt{2}}^{1})}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.2.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - {\sqrt{2}}^{1 + 1}}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.2.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - {\sqrt{2}}^{2}}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.3

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.3.2.4.18.3.1

Rewrite ${\sqrt{2}}^{2}$ as $2$ .

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Step 2.3.2.4.18.3.1.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{2}$ as $2^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - {(2^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.3.1.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 2^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.3.1.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 2^{\frac{2}{2}}}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.3.1.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.3.2.4.18.3.1.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 2^{\frac{2}{2}}}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.3.1.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 2^{1}}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.3.1.5

Evaluate the exponent.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 1 \cdot 2}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.3.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 \sqrt{2} - 2}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.4

Cancel the common factor of $2 \sqrt{2} - 2$ and $2$ .

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Step 2.3.2.4.18.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 \sqrt{2}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 (\sqrt{2}) - 2}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.4.2

Factor $2$ out of $- 2$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 (\sqrt{2}) + 2 \cdot - 1}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.4.3

Factor $2$ out of $2 (\sqrt{2}) + 2 (- 1)$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 (\sqrt{2} - 1)}{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.4.4

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.3.2.4.18.4.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 (\sqrt{2} - 1)}{2 (1)}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.4.4.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{2 (\sqrt{2} - 1)}{2 \cdot 1}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.4.4.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \frac{\sqrt{2} - 1}{1}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.4.4.4

Divide $\sqrt{2} - 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - (\sqrt{2} - 1)})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.5

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} - - 1})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.18.6

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} + 1})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.19

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{3 - \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2}})}$

Step 2.3.2.4.20

Subtract $\sqrt{2}$ from $- \sqrt{2}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 - - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}})}$

Step 2.3.3

Multiply $- - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ .

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Step 2.3.3.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 + 1 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}})}$

Step 2.3.3.2

Multiply $\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}})}$

Step 3

Expand $(1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) (1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}})$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 (1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}) - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} (1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}})}$

Step 3.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 \cdot 1 + 1 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} (1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}})}$

Step 3.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 \cdot 1 + 1 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} \cdot 1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}$

Step 4

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 4.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.1.1

Multiply $1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 + 1 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} \cdot 1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}$

Step 4.1.2

Multiply $\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} \cdot 1 - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}$

Step 4.1.3

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}$

Step 4.1.4

Multiply $- \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ .

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Step 4.1.4.1

Raise $\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - ({\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}^{1} \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}})}$

Step 4.1.4.2

Raise $\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - ({\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}^{1} {\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}^{1})}$

Step 4.1.4.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - {\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}^{1 + 1}}$

Step 4.1.4.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - {\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}^{2}}$

Step 4.1.5

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}^{2}$ as $3 - 2 \sqrt{2}$ .

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Step 4.1.5.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ as ${(3 - 2 \sqrt{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - {({(3 - 2 \sqrt{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 4.1.5.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - {(3 - 2 \sqrt{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 4.1.5.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - {(3 - 2 \sqrt{2})}^{\frac{2}{2}}}$

Step 4.1.5.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 4.1.5.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - {(3 - 2 \sqrt{2})}^{\frac{2}{2}}}$

Step 4.1.5.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - {(3 - 2 \sqrt{2})}^{1}}$

Step 4.1.5.5

Simplify.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - (3 - 2 \sqrt{2})}$

Step 4.1.6

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - 1 \cdot 3 - (- 2 \sqrt{2})}$

Step 4.1.7

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - 3 - (- 2 \sqrt{2})}$

Step 4.1.8

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - 3 + 2 \sqrt{2}}$

Step 4.2

Subtract $3$ from $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{- 2 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} + 2 \sqrt{2}}$

Step 4.3

Subtract $\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ from $\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{- 2 + 0 + 2 \sqrt{2}}$

Step 4.4

Add $- 2$ and $0$ .

$\frac{- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{- 2 + 2 \sqrt{2}}$

Step 5

Cancel the common factor of $- 2$ and $- 2 + 2 \sqrt{2}$ .

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Step 5.1

Factor $2$ out of $- 2 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}})}{- 2 + 2 \sqrt{2}}$

Step 5.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 5.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $- 2$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}})}{2 \cdot - 1 + 2 \sqrt{2}}$

Step 5.2.2

Factor $2$ out of $2 \sqrt{2}$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}})}{2 \cdot - 1 + 2 (\sqrt{2})}$

Step 5.2.3

Factor $2$ out of $2 \cdot - 1 + 2 (\sqrt{2})$ .

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}})}{2 \cdot (- 1 + \sqrt{2})}$

Step 5.2.4

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 (- \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}})}{2 \cdot (- 1 + \sqrt{2})}$

Step 5.2.5

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{- 1 + \sqrt{2}}$

Step 6

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{- 1 + \sqrt{2}}$

Step 7

Multiply $\frac{\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{- 1 + \sqrt{2}}$ by $\frac{- 1 - \sqrt{2}}{- 1 - \sqrt{2}}$ .

$- (\frac{\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{- 1 + \sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{- 1 - \sqrt{2}}{- 1 - \sqrt{2}})$

Step 8

Simplify terms.

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Step 8.1

Multiply $\frac{\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}}{- 1 + \sqrt{2}}$ by $\frac{- 1 - \sqrt{2}}{- 1 - \sqrt{2}}$ .

$- \frac{\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} (- 1 - \sqrt{2})}{(- 1 + \sqrt{2}) (- 1 - \sqrt{2})}$

Step 8.2

Expand the denominator using the FOIL method.

$- \frac{\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} (- 1 - \sqrt{2})}{1 + \sqrt{2} + \sqrt{2} \cdot - 1 - {\sqrt{2}}^{2}}$

Step 8.3

Simplify.

$- \frac{\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} (- 1 - \sqrt{2})}{- 1}$

Step 8.4

Simplify the expression.

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Step 8.4.1

Move the negative one from the denominator of $\frac{\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} (- 1 - \sqrt{2})}{- 1}$ .

$- (- 1 \cdot (\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} (- 1 - \sqrt{2})))$

Step 8.4.2

Rewrite $- 1 \cdot (\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} (- 1 - \sqrt{2}))$ as $- (\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} (- 1 - \sqrt{2}))$ .

$- - (\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} (- 1 - \sqrt{2}))$

Step 8.5

Apply the distributive property.

$- - (\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} \cdot - 1 + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} (- \sqrt{2}))$

Step 8.6

Move $- 1$ to the left of $\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ .

$- - (- 1 \cdot \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} + \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} (- \sqrt{2}))$

Step 8.7

Combine using the product rule for radicals.

$- - (- 1 \cdot \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{(3 - 2 \sqrt{2}) \cdot 2})$

Step 9

Rewrite $- 1 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ as $- \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ .

$- - (- \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{(3 - 2 \sqrt{2}) \cdot 2})$

Step 10

Apply the distributive property.

$- (- - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - - \sqrt{(3 - 2 \sqrt{2}) \cdot 2})$

Step 11

Multiply $- - \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ .

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Step 11.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$- (1 \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - - \sqrt{(3 - 2 \sqrt{2}) \cdot 2})$

Step 11.2

Multiply $\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}}$ by $1$ .

$- (\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - - \sqrt{(3 - 2 \sqrt{2}) \cdot 2})$

Step 12

Multiply $- - \sqrt{(3 - 2 \sqrt{2}) \cdot 2}$ .

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Step 12.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$- (\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} + 1 \sqrt{(3 - 2 \sqrt{2}) \cdot 2})$

Step 12.2

Multiply $\sqrt{(3 - 2 \sqrt{2}) \cdot 2}$ by $1$ .

$- (\sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} + \sqrt{(3 - 2 \sqrt{2}) \cdot 2})$

Step 13

Apply the distributive property.

$- \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{(3 - 2 \sqrt{2}) \cdot 2}$

Step 14

The result can be shown in multiple forms.

Exact Form:

$- \sqrt{3 - 2 \sqrt{2}} - \sqrt{(3 - 2 \sqrt{2}) \cdot 2}$

Decimal Form:

$- 1.000000000000 \dots$