Precalculus Examples

$f (x) = 2 x^{2} (x - 1) {(x + 2)}^{3} {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1

Simplify and reorder the polynomial.

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Step 1.1

Apply the distributive property.

$(2 x^{2} x + 2 x^{2} \cdot - 1) {(x + 2)}^{3} {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.2

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.2.1

Move $x$ .

$(2 (x \cdot x^{2}) + 2 x^{2} \cdot - 1) {(x + 2)}^{3} {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.2.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 1.2.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$(2 (x^{1} x^{2}) + 2 x^{2} \cdot - 1) {(x + 2)}^{3} {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.2.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(2 x^{1 + 2} + 2 x^{2} \cdot - 1) {(x + 2)}^{3} {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.2.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$(2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} \cdot - 1) {(x + 2)}^{3} {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.3

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$(2 x^{3} - 2 x^{2}) {(x + 2)}^{3} {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.4

Use the Binomial Theorem.

$(2 x^{3} - 2 x^{2}) (x^{3} + 3 x^{2} \cdot 2 + 3 x \cdot 2^{2} + 2^{3}) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.5

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.5.1

Multiply $2$ by $3$ .

$(2 x^{3} - 2 x^{2}) (x^{3} + 6 x^{2} + 3 x \cdot 2^{2} + 2^{3}) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.5.2

Raise $2$ to the power of $2$ .

$(2 x^{3} - 2 x^{2}) (x^{3} + 6 x^{2} + 3 x \cdot 4 + 2^{3}) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.5.3

Multiply $4$ by $3$ .

$(2 x^{3} - 2 x^{2}) (x^{3} + 6 x^{2} + 12 x + 2^{3}) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.5.4

Raise $2$ to the power of $3$ .

$(2 x^{3} - 2 x^{2}) (x^{3} + 6 x^{2} + 12 x + 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.6

Expand $(2 x^{3} - 2 x^{2}) (x^{3} + 6 x^{2} + 12 x + 8)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$(2 x^{3} x^{3} + 2 x^{3} (6 x^{2}) + 2 x^{3} (12 x) + 2 x^{3} \cdot 8 - 2 x^{2} x^{3} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7

Simplify terms.

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Step 1.7.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.7.1.1

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x^{3}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.7.1.1.1

Move $x^{3}$ .

$(2 (x^{3} x^{3}) + 2 x^{3} (6 x^{2}) + 2 x^{3} (12 x) + 2 x^{3} \cdot 8 - 2 x^{2} x^{3} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(2 x^{3 + 3} + 2 x^{3} (6 x^{2}) + 2 x^{3} (12 x) + 2 x^{3} \cdot 8 - 2 x^{2} x^{3} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.1.3

Add $3$ and $3$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 2 x^{3} (6 x^{2}) + 2 x^{3} (12 x) + 2 x^{3} \cdot 8 - 2 x^{2} x^{3} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$(2 x^{6} + 2 \cdot 6 x^{3} x^{2} + 2 x^{3} (12 x) + 2 x^{3} \cdot 8 - 2 x^{2} x^{3} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.3

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.7.1.3.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 2 \cdot 6 (x^{2} x^{3}) + 2 x^{3} (12 x) + 2 x^{3} \cdot 8 - 2 x^{2} x^{3} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.3.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(2 x^{6} + 2 \cdot 6 x^{2 + 3} + 2 x^{3} (12 x) + 2 x^{3} \cdot 8 - 2 x^{2} x^{3} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.3.3

Add $2$ and $3$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 2 \cdot 6 x^{5} + 2 x^{3} (12 x) + 2 x^{3} \cdot 8 - 2 x^{2} x^{3} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.4

Multiply $2$ by $6$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 2 x^{3} (12 x) + 2 x^{3} \cdot 8 - 2 x^{2} x^{3} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.5

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 2 \cdot 12 x^{3} x + 2 x^{3} \cdot 8 - 2 x^{2} x^{3} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.6

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.7.1.6.1

Move $x$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 2 \cdot 12 (x \cdot x^{3}) + 2 x^{3} \cdot 8 - 2 x^{2} x^{3} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.6.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{3}$ .

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Step 1.7.1.6.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 2 \cdot 12 (x^{1} x^{3}) + 2 x^{3} \cdot 8 - 2 x^{2} x^{3} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.6.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 2 \cdot 12 x^{1 + 3} + 2 x^{3} \cdot 8 - 2 x^{2} x^{3} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.6.3

Add $1$ and $3$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 2 \cdot 12 x^{4} + 2 x^{3} \cdot 8 - 2 x^{2} x^{3} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.7

Multiply $2$ by $12$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 2 x^{3} \cdot 8 - 2 x^{2} x^{3} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.8

Multiply $8$ by $2$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 2 x^{2} x^{3} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.9

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{3}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.7.1.9.1

Move $x^{3}$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 2 (x^{3} x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.9.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 2 x^{3 + 2} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.9.3

Add $3$ and $2$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 2 x^{5} - 2 x^{2} (6 x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.10

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 2 x^{5} - 2 \cdot 6 x^{2} x^{2} - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.11

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.7.1.11.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 2 x^{5} - 2 \cdot 6 (x^{2} x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.11.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 2 x^{5} - 2 \cdot 6 x^{2 + 2} - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.11.3

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 2 x^{5} - 2 \cdot 6 x^{4} - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.12

Multiply $- 2$ by $6$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 2 x^{5} - 12 x^{4} - 2 x^{2} (12 x) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.13

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 2 x^{5} - 12 x^{4} - 2 \cdot 12 x^{2} x - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.14

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.7.1.14.1

Move $x$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 2 x^{5} - 12 x^{4} - 2 \cdot 12 (x \cdot x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.14.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 1.7.1.14.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 2 x^{5} - 12 x^{4} - 2 \cdot 12 (x^{1} x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.14.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 2 x^{5} - 12 x^{4} - 2 \cdot 12 x^{1 + 2} - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.14.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 2 x^{5} - 12 x^{4} - 2 \cdot 12 x^{3} - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.15

Multiply $- 2$ by $12$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 2 x^{5} - 12 x^{4} - 24 x^{3} - 2 x^{2} \cdot 8) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.16

Multiply $8$ by $- 2$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 12 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 2 x^{5} - 12 x^{4} - 24 x^{3} - 16 x^{2}) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.2

Simplify by adding terms.

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Step 1.7.2.1

Subtract $2 x^{5}$ from $12 x^{5}$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 10 x^{5} + 24 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 12 x^{4} - 24 x^{3} - 16 x^{2}) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.2.2

Subtract $12 x^{4}$ from $24 x^{4}$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} - 24 x^{3} - 16 x^{2}) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.2.3

Subtract $24 x^{3}$ from $16 x^{3}$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2}) {(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$

Step 1.7.2.4

Rewrite ${(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}$ as $(x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2}) ((x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1))$

Step 1.8

Expand $(x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 1.8.1

Apply the distributive property.

$(2 x^{6} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2}) (x^{2} (x^{2} + 1) + 1 (x^{2} + 1))$

Step 1.8.2

Apply the distributive property.

$(2 x^{6} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2}) (x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} \cdot 1 + 1 (x^{2} + 1))$

Step 1.8.3

Apply the distributive property.

$(2 x^{6} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2}) (x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} \cdot 1 + 1 x^{2} + 1 \cdot 1)$

Step 1.9

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 1.9.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.9.1.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.9.1.1.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(2 x^{6} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2}) (x^{2 + 2} + x^{2} \cdot 1 + 1 x^{2} + 1 \cdot 1)$

Step 1.9.1.1.2

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2}) (x^{4} + x^{2} \cdot 1 + 1 x^{2} + 1 \cdot 1)$

Step 1.9.1.2

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $1$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2}) (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1 x^{2} + 1 \cdot 1)$

Step 1.9.1.3

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $1$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2}) (x^{4} + x^{2} + x^{2} + 1 \cdot 1)$

Step 1.9.1.4

Multiply $1$ by $1$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2}) (x^{4} + x^{2} + x^{2} + 1)$

Step 1.9.2

Add $x^{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$(2 x^{6} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2}) (x^{4} + 2 x^{2} + 1)$

Step 1.10

Expand $(2 x^{6} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2}) (x^{4} + 2 x^{2} + 1)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$2 x^{6} x^{4} + 2 x^{6} (2 x^{2}) + 2 x^{6} \cdot 1 + 10 x^{5} x^{4} + 10 x^{5} (2 x^{2}) + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11

Simplify terms.

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Step 1.11.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.11.1.1

Multiply $x^{6}$ by $x^{4}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.11.1.1.1

Move $x^{4}$ .

$2 (x^{4} x^{6}) + 2 x^{6} (2 x^{2}) + 2 x^{6} \cdot 1 + 10 x^{5} x^{4} + 10 x^{5} (2 x^{2}) + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 x^{4 + 6} + 2 x^{6} (2 x^{2}) + 2 x^{6} \cdot 1 + 10 x^{5} x^{4} + 10 x^{5} (2 x^{2}) + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.1.3

Add $4$ and $6$ .

$2 x^{10} + 2 x^{6} (2 x^{2}) + 2 x^{6} \cdot 1 + 10 x^{5} x^{4} + 10 x^{5} (2 x^{2}) + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$2 x^{10} + 2 \cdot 2 x^{6} x^{2} + 2 x^{6} \cdot 1 + 10 x^{5} x^{4} + 10 x^{5} (2 x^{2}) + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.3

Multiply $x^{6}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.11.1.3.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$2 x^{10} + 2 \cdot 2 (x^{2} x^{6}) + 2 x^{6} \cdot 1 + 10 x^{5} x^{4} + 10 x^{5} (2 x^{2}) + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.3.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 x^{10} + 2 \cdot 2 x^{2 + 6} + 2 x^{6} \cdot 1 + 10 x^{5} x^{4} + 10 x^{5} (2 x^{2}) + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.3.3

Add $2$ and $6$ .

$2 x^{10} + 2 \cdot 2 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} \cdot 1 + 10 x^{5} x^{4} + 10 x^{5} (2 x^{2}) + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.4

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} \cdot 1 + 10 x^{5} x^{4} + 10 x^{5} (2 x^{2}) + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.5

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{5} x^{4} + 10 x^{5} (2 x^{2}) + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.6

Multiply $x^{5}$ by $x^{4}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.11.1.6.1

Move $x^{4}$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 (x^{4} x^{5}) + 10 x^{5} (2 x^{2}) + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.6.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{4 + 5} + 10 x^{5} (2 x^{2}) + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.6.3

Add $4$ and $5$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 10 x^{5} (2 x^{2}) + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.7

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 10 \cdot 2 x^{5} x^{2} + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.8

Multiply $x^{5}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.11.1.8.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 10 \cdot 2 (x^{2} x^{5}) + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.8.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 10 \cdot 2 x^{2 + 5} + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.8.3

Add $2$ and $5$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 10 \cdot 2 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.9

Multiply $10$ by $2$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.10

Multiply $10$ by $1$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{4} x^{4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.11

Multiply $x^{4}$ by $x^{4}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.11.1.11.1

Move $x^{4}$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 (x^{4} x^{4}) + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.11.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{4 + 4} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.11.3

Add $4$ and $4$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 12 x^{4} (2 x^{2}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.12

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 12 \cdot 2 x^{4} x^{2} + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.13

Multiply $x^{4}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.11.1.13.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 12 \cdot 2 (x^{2} x^{4}) + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.13.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 12 \cdot 2 x^{2 + 4} + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.13.3

Add $2$ and $4$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 12 \cdot 2 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.14

Multiply $12$ by $2$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} \cdot 1 - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.15

Multiply $12$ by $1$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{3} x^{4} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.16

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x^{4}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.11.1.16.1

Move $x^{4}$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 (x^{4} x^{3}) - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.16.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{4 + 3} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.16.3

Add $4$ and $3$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 8 x^{3} (2 x^{2}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.17

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 8 \cdot 2 x^{3} x^{2} - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.18

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.11.1.18.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 8 \cdot 2 (x^{2} x^{3}) - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.18.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 8 \cdot 2 x^{2 + 3} - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.18.3

Add $2$ and $3$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 8 \cdot 2 x^{5} - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.19

Multiply $- 8$ by $2$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 16 x^{5} - 8 x^{3} \cdot 1 - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.20

Multiply $- 8$ by $1$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 16 x^{5} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2} x^{4} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.21

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{4}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.11.1.21.1

Move $x^{4}$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 16 x^{5} - 8 x^{3} - 16 (x^{4} x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.21.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 16 x^{5} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{4 + 2} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.21.3

Add $4$ and $2$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 16 x^{5} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{6} - 16 x^{2} (2 x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.22

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 16 x^{5} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{6} - 16 \cdot 2 x^{2} x^{2} - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.23

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.11.1.23.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 16 x^{5} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{6} - 16 \cdot 2 (x^{2} x^{2}) - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.23.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 16 x^{5} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{6} - 16 \cdot 2 x^{2 + 2} - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.23.3

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 16 x^{5} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{6} - 16 \cdot 2 x^{4} - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.24

Multiply $- 16$ by $2$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 16 x^{5} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{6} - 32 x^{4} - 16 x^{2} \cdot 1$

Step 1.11.1.25

Multiply $- 16$ by $1$ .

$2 x^{10} + 4 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 12 x^{8} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 16 x^{5} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{6} - 32 x^{4} - 16 x^{2}$

Step 1.11.2

Simplify by adding terms.

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Step 1.11.2.1

Add $4 x^{8}$ and $12 x^{8}$ .

$2 x^{10} + 16 x^{8} + 2 x^{6} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 24 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 16 x^{5} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{6} - 32 x^{4} - 16 x^{2}$

Step 1.11.2.2

Add $2 x^{6}$ and $24 x^{6}$ .

$2 x^{10} + 16 x^{8} + 10 x^{9} + 20 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 26 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{7} - 16 x^{5} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{6} - 32 x^{4} - 16 x^{2}$

Step 1.11.2.3

Subtract $8 x^{7}$ from $20 x^{7}$ .

$2 x^{10} + 16 x^{8} + 10 x^{9} + 12 x^{7} + 10 x^{5} + 26 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 16 x^{5} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{6} - 32 x^{4} - 16 x^{2}$

Step 1.11.2.4

Subtract $16 x^{5}$ from $10 x^{5}$ .

$2 x^{10} + 16 x^{8} + 10 x^{9} + 12 x^{7} - 6 x^{5} + 26 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{6} - 32 x^{4} - 16 x^{2}$

Step 1.11.2.5

Subtract $16 x^{6}$ from $26 x^{6}$ .

$2 x^{10} + 16 x^{8} + 10 x^{9} + 12 x^{7} - 6 x^{5} + 10 x^{6} + 12 x^{4} - 8 x^{3} - 32 x^{4} - 16 x^{2}$

Step 1.11.2.6

Subtract $32 x^{4}$ from $12 x^{4}$ .

$2 x^{10} + 16 x^{8} + 10 x^{9} + 12 x^{7} - 6 x^{5} + 10 x^{6} - 20 x^{4} - 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2}$

Step 2

The largest exponent is the degree of the polynomial.

$10$