Precalculus Examples

Split Using Partial Fraction Decomposition (x-2)/(x(x^2-4x+5)^2)
Step 1
Decompose the fraction and multiply through by the common denominator.
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Step 1.1
For each factor in the denominator, create a new fraction using the factor as the denominator, and an unknown value as the numerator. Since the factor is 2nd order, terms are required in the numerator. The number of terms required in the numerator is always equal to the order of the factor in the denominator.
Step 1.2
For each factor in the denominator, create a new fraction using the factor as the denominator, and an unknown value as the numerator. Since the factor is 2nd order, terms are required in the numerator. The number of terms required in the numerator is always equal to the order of the factor in the denominator.
Step 1.3
Multiply each fraction in the equation by the denominator of the original expression. In this case, the denominator is .
Step 1.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 1.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 1.5
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 1.5.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.5.2
Divide by .
Step 1.6
Simplify each term.
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Step 1.6.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 1.6.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.6.1.2
Divide by .
Step 1.6.2
Rewrite as .
Step 1.6.3
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 1.6.4
Simplify each term.
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Step 1.6.4.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.4.1.1
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.6.4.1.2
Add and .
Step 1.6.4.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.4.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.4.3.1
Move .
Step 1.6.4.3.2
Multiply by .
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Step 1.6.4.3.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.6.4.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.6.4.3.3
Add and .
Step 1.6.4.4
Move to the left of .
Step 1.6.4.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.4.5.1
Move .
Step 1.6.4.5.2
Multiply by .
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Step 1.6.4.5.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.6.4.5.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.6.4.5.3
Add and .
Step 1.6.4.6
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.4.7
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.4.7.1
Move .
Step 1.6.4.7.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.4.8
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.4.9
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.4.10
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.4.11
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.5
Subtract from .
Step 1.6.6
Add and .
Step 1.6.7
Add and .
Step 1.6.8
Subtract from .
Step 1.6.9
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.10
Simplify.
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Step 1.6.10.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.10.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.10.3
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.10.4
Move to the left of .
Step 1.6.11
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 1.6.11.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.6.11.2
Divide by .
Step 1.6.12
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.13
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.13.1
Move .
Step 1.6.13.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.14
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 1.6.14.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.6.14.2
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 1.6.14.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.14.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.6.14.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 1.6.14.2.4
Divide by .
Step 1.6.15
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.6.16
Simplify.
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Step 1.6.16.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.16.1.1
Multiply by .
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Step 1.6.16.1.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.6.16.1.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.6.16.1.2
Add and .
Step 1.6.16.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.16.3
Move to the left of .
Step 1.6.17
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.17.1
Move .
Step 1.6.17.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.18
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 1.6.19
Simplify each term.
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Step 1.6.19.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.19.1.1
Move .
Step 1.6.19.1.2
Multiply by .
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Step 1.6.19.1.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.6.19.1.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.6.19.1.3
Add and .
Step 1.6.19.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.19.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.19.3.1
Move .
Step 1.6.19.3.2
Multiply by .
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Step 1.6.19.3.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.6.19.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.6.19.3.3
Add and .
Step 1.6.19.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.19.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.6.19.5.1
Move .
Step 1.6.19.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.6.19.6
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.6.19.7
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.7
Simplify the expression.
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Step 1.7.1
Move .
Step 1.7.2
Move .
Step 1.7.3
Move .
Step 1.7.4
Reorder and .
Step 1.7.5
Reorder and .
Step 1.7.6
Move .
Step 1.7.7
Move .
Step 1.7.8
Move .
Step 1.7.9
Move .
Step 1.7.10
Move .
Step 1.7.11
Move .
Step 1.7.12
Move .
Step 1.7.13
Move .
Step 1.7.14
Move .
Step 2
Create equations for the partial fraction variables and use them to set up a system of equations.
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Step 2.1
Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of from each side of the equation. For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.
Step 2.2
Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of from each side of the equation. For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.
Step 2.3
Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of from each side of the equation. For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.
Step 2.4
Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of from each side of the equation. For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.
Step 2.5
Create an equation for the partial fraction variables by equating the coefficients of the terms not containing . For the equation to be equal, the equivalent coefficients on each side of the equation must be equal.
Step 2.6
Set up the system of equations to find the coefficients of the partial fractions.
Step 3
Solve the system of equations.
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Step 3.1
Solve for in .
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Step 3.1.1
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 3.1.2
Divide each term in by and simplify.
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Step 3.1.2.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 3.1.2.2
Simplify the left side.
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Step 3.1.2.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 3.1.2.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.1.2.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 3.1.2.3
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.1.2.3.1
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.2
Replace all occurrences of with in each equation.
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Step 3.2.1
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.2.2
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.2.2.1
Remove parentheses.
Step 3.2.3
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.2.4
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.2.4.1
Multiply .
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Step 3.2.4.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.2.4.1.2
Combine and .
Step 3.2.4.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 3.2.5
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.2.6
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.2.6.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 3.2.6.1.1
Multiply .
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Step 3.2.6.1.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.2.6.1.1.2
Combine and .
Step 3.2.6.1.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 3.2.6.1.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.2.7
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.2.8
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.2.8.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 3.2.8.1.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 3.2.8.1.1.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 3.2.8.1.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 3.2.8.1.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 3.2.8.1.1.4
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.2.8.1.1.5
Rewrite the expression.
Step 3.2.8.1.2
Combine and .
Step 3.2.8.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 3.3
Solve for in .
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Step 3.3.1
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 3.3.2
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 3.4
Replace all occurrences of with in each equation.
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Step 3.4.1
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.4.2
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.4.2.1
Simplify .
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Step 3.4.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 3.4.2.1.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.4.2.1.1.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.4.2.1.1.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 3.4.2.1.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 3.4.2.1.3
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
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Step 3.4.2.1.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.2.1.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.2.1.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.4.2.1.5
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 3.4.2.1.5.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.2.1.5.2
Add and .
Step 3.4.2.1.6
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.4.3
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.4.4
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.4.4.1
Simplify .
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Step 3.4.4.1.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 3.4.4.1.1.1
Multiply .
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Step 3.4.4.1.1.1.1
Combine and .
Step 3.4.4.1.1.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.4.1.1.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.4.4.1.2
Combine fractions.
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Step 3.4.4.1.2.1
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.4.4.1.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 3.5
Solve for in .
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Step 3.5.1
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 3.5.2
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 3.6
Replace all occurrences of with in each equation.
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Step 3.6.1
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.6.2
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.6.2.1
Simplify .
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Step 3.6.2.1.1
Multiply .
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Step 3.6.2.1.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.6.2.1.1.2
Combine and .
Step 3.6.2.1.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 3.6.2.1.2
Combine fractions.
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Step 3.6.2.1.2.1
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.6.2.1.2.2
Add and .
Step 3.6.2.1.3
Simplify each term.
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Step 3.6.2.1.3.1
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 3.6.2.1.3.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.6.2.1.3.1.2
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 3.6.2.1.3.1.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.6.2.1.3.1.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.6.2.1.3.1.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 3.6.2.1.3.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.6.3
Replace all occurrences of in with .
Step 3.6.4
Simplify the right side.
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Step 3.6.4.1
Simplify .
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Step 3.6.4.1.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 3.6.4.1.1.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 3.6.4.1.1.1.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 3.6.4.1.1.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 3.6.4.1.1.1.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.6.4.1.1.1.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 3.6.4.1.1.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.6.4.1.2
Combine fractions.
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Step 3.6.4.1.2.1
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.6.4.1.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 3.7
Solve for in .
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Step 3.7.1
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 3.7.2
Move all terms not containing to the right side of the equation.
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Step 3.7.2.1
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 3.7.2.2
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 3.7.2.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.7.2.4
Subtract from .
Step 3.7.2.5
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.8
Replace all occurrences of with in each equation.
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Step 3.8.1
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 3.8.2
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 3.9
List all of the solutions.
Step 4
Replace each of the partial fraction coefficients in with the values found for , , , , and .
Step 5
Simplify.
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Step 5.1
Combine and .
Step 5.2
Combine and .