Pre-Algebra Examples

$(5 b^{5} + 10 b^{4} + 15 b^{3} + 5 b^{2} + 10 b + 4) \div (b + 1)$

Step 1

Set up the polynomials to be divided. If there is not a term for every exponent, insert one with a value of $0$ .

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

Step 2

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $5 b^{5}$ by the highest order term in divisor $b$ .

$5 b^{4}$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

Step 3

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$5 b^{4}$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

Step 4

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $5 b^{5} + 5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{4}$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

Step 5

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$5 b^{4}$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

Step 6

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

$5 b^{4}$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

Step 7

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $5 b^{4}$ by the highest order term in divisor $b$ .

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

Step 8

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

Step 9

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $5 b^{4} + 5 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

Step 10

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{3}$

Step 11

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

Step 12

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $10 b^{3}$ by the highest order term in divisor $b$ .

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

Step 13

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

Step 14

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $10 b^{3} + 10 b^{2}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

Step 15

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b^{2}$

Step 16

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

Step 17

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $- 5 b^{2}$ by the highest order term in divisor $b$ .

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

Step 18

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$5 b^{2}$

$5 b$

Step 19

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $- 5 b^{2} - 5 b$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$5 b^{2}$

$5 b$

Step 20

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$5 b^{2}$

$5 b$

$15 b$

Step 21

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$5 b^{2}$

$5 b$

$15 b$

$4$

Step 22

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $15 b$ by the highest order term in divisor $b$ .

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b$

$15$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$5 b^{2}$

$5 b$

$15 b$

$4$

Step 23

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b$

$15$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$5 b^{2}$

$5 b$

$15 b$

$4$

$15 b$

$15$

Step 24

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $15 b + 15$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b$

$15$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$5 b^{2}$

$5 b$

$15 b$

$4$

$15 b$

$15$

Step 25

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b$

$15$

$b$

$1$

$5 b^{5}$

$10 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$4$

$5 b^{5}$

$5 b^{4}$

$15 b^{3}$

$5 b^{4}$

$5 b^{3}$

$10 b^{3}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b^{3}$

$10 b^{2}$

$5 b^{2}$

$10 b$

$5 b^{2}$

$5 b$

$15 b$

$4$

$15 b$

$15$

$11$

Step 26

The final answer is the quotient plus the remainder over the divisor.

$5 b^{4} + 5 b^{3} + 10 b^{2} - 5 b + 15 - \frac{11}{b + 1}$