Pre-Algebra Examples

$\frac{x^{5} - 8 x^{4} + 10 x^{3} + 14 x^{2} + 61 x - 30}{x^{2} - 5 x + 3}$

Step 1

Set up the polynomials to be divided. If there is not a term for every exponent, insert one with a value of $0$ .

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

Step 2

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $x^{5}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x^{2}$ .

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

Step 3

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

Step 4

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $x^{5} - 5 x^{4} + 3 x^{3}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

Step 5

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

$3 x^{4}$

$7 x^{3}$

Step 6

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

$3 x^{4}$

$7 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

Step 7

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $- 3 x^{4}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x^{2}$ .

$x^{3}$

$3 x^{2}$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

$3 x^{4}$

$7 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

Step 8

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$x^{3}$

$3 x^{2}$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

$3 x^{4}$

$7 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$3 x^{4}$

$15 x^{3}$

$9 x^{2}$

Step 9

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $- 3 x^{4} + 15 x^{3} - 9 x^{2}$

$x^{3}$

$3 x^{2}$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

$3 x^{4}$

$7 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$3 x^{4}$

$15 x^{3}$

$9 x^{2}$

Step 10

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$x^{3}$

$3 x^{2}$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

$3 x^{4}$

$7 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$3 x^{4}$

$15 x^{3}$

$9 x^{2}$

$8 x^{3}$

$23 x^{2}$

Step 11

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

$x^{3}$

$3 x^{2}$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

$3 x^{4}$

$7 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$3 x^{4}$

$15 x^{3}$

$9 x^{2}$

$8 x^{3}$

$23 x^{2}$

$61 x$

Step 12

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $- 8 x^{3}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x^{2}$ .

$x^{3}$

$3 x^{2}$

$8 x$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

$3 x^{4}$

$7 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$3 x^{4}$

$15 x^{3}$

$9 x^{2}$

$8 x^{3}$

$23 x^{2}$

$61 x$

Step 13

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$x^{3}$

$3 x^{2}$

$8 x$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

$3 x^{4}$

$7 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$3 x^{4}$

$15 x^{3}$

$9 x^{2}$

$8 x^{3}$

$23 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$8 x^{3}$

$40 x^{2}$

$24 x$

Step 14

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $- 8 x^{3} + 40 x^{2} - 24 x$

$x^{3}$

$3 x^{2}$

$8 x$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

$3 x^{4}$

$7 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$3 x^{4}$

$15 x^{3}$

$9 x^{2}$

$8 x^{3}$

$23 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$8 x^{3}$

$40 x^{2}$

$24 x$

Step 15

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$x^{3}$

$3 x^{2}$

$8 x$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

$3 x^{4}$

$7 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$3 x^{4}$

$15 x^{3}$

$9 x^{2}$

$8 x^{3}$

$23 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$8 x^{3}$

$40 x^{2}$

$24 x$

$17 x^{2}$

$85 x$

Step 16

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

$x^{3}$

$3 x^{2}$

$8 x$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

$3 x^{4}$

$7 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$3 x^{4}$

$15 x^{3}$

$9 x^{2}$

$8 x^{3}$

$23 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$8 x^{3}$

$40 x^{2}$

$24 x$

$17 x^{2}$

$85 x$

$30$

Step 17

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $- 17 x^{2}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x^{2}$ .

$x^{3}$

$3 x^{2}$

$8 x$

$17$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

$3 x^{4}$

$7 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$3 x^{4}$

$15 x^{3}$

$9 x^{2}$

$8 x^{3}$

$23 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$8 x^{3}$

$40 x^{2}$

$24 x$

$17 x^{2}$

$85 x$

$30$

Step 18

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$x^{3}$

$3 x^{2}$

$8 x$

$17$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

$3 x^{4}$

$7 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$3 x^{4}$

$15 x^{3}$

$9 x^{2}$

$8 x^{3}$

$23 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$8 x^{3}$

$40 x^{2}$

$24 x$

$17 x^{2}$

$85 x$

$30$

$17 x^{2}$

$85 x$

$51$

Step 19

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $- 17 x^{2} + 85 x - 51$

$x^{3}$

$3 x^{2}$

$8 x$

$17$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

$3 x^{4}$

$7 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$3 x^{4}$

$15 x^{3}$

$9 x^{2}$

$8 x^{3}$

$23 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$8 x^{3}$

$40 x^{2}$

$24 x$

$17 x^{2}$

$85 x$

$30$

$17 x^{2}$

$85 x$

$51$

Step 20

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$x^{3}$

$3 x^{2}$

$8 x$

$17$

$x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$8 x^{4}$

$10 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$30$

$x^{5}$

$5 x^{4}$

$3 x^{3}$

$3 x^{4}$

$7 x^{3}$

$14 x^{2}$

$3 x^{4}$

$15 x^{3}$

$9 x^{2}$

$8 x^{3}$

$23 x^{2}$

$61 x$

$8 x^{3}$

$40 x^{2}$

$24 x$

$17 x^{2}$

$85 x$

$30$

$17 x^{2}$

$85 x$

$51$

$21$

Step 21

The final answer is the quotient plus the remainder over the divisor.

$x^{3} - 3 x^{2} - 8 x - 17 + \frac{21}{x^{2} - 5 x + 3}$