Pre-Algebra Examples

$\frac{x^{5} - 14 x^{4} - 145 x + 87}{x + 3}$

Step 1

Set up the polynomials to be divided. If there is not a term for every exponent, insert one with a value of $0$ .

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

Step 2

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $x^{5}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

$x^{4}$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

Step 3

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$x^{4}$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

Step 4

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $x^{5} + 3 x^{4}$

$x^{4}$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

Step 5

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$x^{4}$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

Step 6

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

$x^{4}$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

Step 7

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $- 17 x^{4}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

Step 8

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

Step 9

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $- 17 x^{4} - 51 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

Step 10

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

Step 11

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

Step 12

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $51 x^{3}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$51 x^{2}$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

Step 13

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$51 x^{2}$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$51 x^{3}$

$153 x^{2}$

Step 14

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $51 x^{3} + 153 x^{2}$

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$51 x^{2}$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$51 x^{3}$

$153 x^{2}$

Step 15

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$51 x^{2}$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$51 x^{3}$

$153 x^{2}$

Step 16

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$51 x^{2}$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$51 x^{3}$

$153 x^{2}$

$145 x$

Step 17

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $- 153 x^{2}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$51 x^{2}$

$153 x$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$51 x^{3}$

$153 x^{2}$

$145 x$

Step 18

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$51 x^{2}$

$153 x$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$51 x^{3}$

$153 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$153 x^{2}$

$459 x$

Step 19

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $- 153 x^{2} - 459 x$

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$51 x^{2}$

$153 x$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$51 x^{3}$

$153 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$153 x^{2}$

$459 x$

Step 20

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$51 x^{2}$

$153 x$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$51 x^{3}$

$153 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$153 x^{2}$

$459 x$

$314 x$

Step 21

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$51 x^{2}$

$153 x$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$51 x^{3}$

$153 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$153 x^{2}$

$459 x$

$314 x$

$87$

Step 22

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $314 x$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$51 x^{2}$

$153 x$

$314$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$51 x^{3}$

$153 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$153 x^{2}$

$459 x$

$314 x$

$87$

Step 23

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$51 x^{2}$

$153 x$

$314$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$51 x^{3}$

$153 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$153 x^{2}$

$459 x$

$314 x$

$87$

$314 x$

$942$

Step 24

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $314 x + 942$

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$51 x^{2}$

$153 x$

$314$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$51 x^{3}$

$153 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$153 x^{2}$

$459 x$

$314 x$

$87$

$314 x$

$942$

Step 25

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$x^{4}$

$17 x^{3}$

$51 x^{2}$

$153 x$

$314$

$x$

$3$

$x^{5}$

$14 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$87$

$x^{5}$

$3 x^{4}$

$17 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$17 x^{4}$

$51 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$51 x^{3}$

$153 x^{2}$

$145 x$

$153 x^{2}$

$459 x$

$314 x$

$87$

$314 x$

$942$

$855$

Step 26

The final answer is the quotient plus the remainder over the divisor.

$x^{4} - 17 x^{3} + 51 x^{2} - 153 x + 314 - \frac{855}{x + 3}$