Pre-Algebra Examples

$f (x) = x^{2} + 4 x - y$

Step 1

Find the properties of the given parabola.

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Step 1.1

Rewrite the equation in vertex form.

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Step 1.1.1

Isolate $y$ to the left side of the equation.

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Step 1.1.1.1

Move all terms containing $y$ to the left side of the equation.

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Step 1.1.1.1.1

Add $y$ to both sides of the equation.

$y + y = x^{2} + 4 x$

Step 1.1.1.1.2

Add $y$ and $y$ .

$2 y = x^{2} + 4 x$

Step 1.1.1.2

Divide each term in $2 y = x^{2} + 4 x$ by $2$ and simplify.

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Step 1.1.1.2.1

Divide each term in $2 y = x^{2} + 4 x$ by $2$ .

$\frac{2 y}{2} = \frac{x^{2}}{2} + \frac{4 x}{2}$

Step 1.1.1.2.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 1.1.1.2.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 1.1.1.2.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 y}{2} = \frac{x^{2}}{2} + \frac{4 x}{2}$

Step 1.1.1.2.2.1.2

Divide $y$ by $1$ .

$y = \frac{x^{2}}{2} + \frac{4 x}{2}$

Step 1.1.1.2.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 1.1.1.2.3.1

Cancel the common factor of $4$ and $2$ .

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Step 1.1.1.2.3.1.1

Factor $2$ out of $4 x$ .

$y = \frac{x^{2}}{2} + \frac{2 (2 x)}{2}$

Step 1.1.1.2.3.1.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 1.1.1.2.3.1.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$y = \frac{x^{2}}{2} + \frac{2 (2 x)}{2 (1)}$

Step 1.1.1.2.3.1.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$y = \frac{x^{2}}{2} + \frac{2 (2 x)}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 1.1.1.2.3.1.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$y = \frac{x^{2}}{2} + \frac{2 x}{1}$

Step 1.1.1.2.3.1.2.4

Divide $2 x$ by $1$ .

$y = \frac{x^{2}}{2} + 2 x$

Step 1.1.2

Complete the square for $\frac{x^{2}}{2} + 2 x$ .

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Step 1.1.2.1

Use the form $a x^{2} + b x + c$ , to find the values of $a$ , $b$ , and $c$ .

$a = \frac{1}{2}$

$b = 2$

$c = 0$

Step 1.1.2.2

Consider the vertex form of a parabola.

$a {(x + d)}^{2} + e$

Step 1.1.2.3

Find the value of $d$ using the formula $d = \frac{b}{2 a}$ .

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Step 1.1.2.3.1

Substitute the values of $a$ and $b$ into the formula $d = \frac{b}{2 a}$ .

$d = \frac{2}{2 (\frac{1}{2})}$

Step 1.1.2.3.2

Simplify the right side.

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Step 1.1.2.3.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 1.1.2.3.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$d = \frac{2}{2 (\frac{1}{2})}$

Step 1.1.2.3.2.1.2

Rewrite the expression.

$d = \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}}$

Step 1.1.2.3.2.2

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$d = 1 \cdot 2$

Step 1.1.2.3.2.3

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$d = 2$

Step 1.1.2.4

Find the value of $e$ using the formula $e = c - \frac{b^{2}}{4 a}$ .

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Step 1.1.2.4.1

Substitute the values of $c$ , $b$ and $a$ into the formula $e = c - \frac{b^{2}}{4 a}$ .

$e = 0 - \frac{2^{2}}{4 (\frac{1}{2})}$

Step 1.1.2.4.2

Simplify the right side.

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Step 1.1.2.4.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.1.2.4.2.1.1

Raise $2$ to the power of $2$ .

$e = 0 - \frac{4}{4 (\frac{1}{2})}$

Step 1.1.2.4.2.1.2

Combine $4$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$e = 0 - \frac{4}{\frac{4}{2}}$

Step 1.1.2.4.2.1.3

Divide $4$ by $2$ .

$e = 0 - \frac{4}{2}$

Step 1.1.2.4.2.1.4

Divide $4$ by $2$ .

$e = 0 - 1 \cdot 2$

Step 1.1.2.4.2.1.5

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$e = 0 - 2$

Step 1.1.2.4.2.2

Subtract $2$ from $0$ .

$e = - 2$

Step 1.1.2.5

Substitute the values of $a$ , $d$ , and $e$ into the vertex form $\frac{1}{2} {(x + 2)}^{2} - 2$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(x + 2)}^{2} - 2$

Step 1.1.3

Set $y$ equal to the new right side.

$y = \frac{1}{2} \cdot {(x + 2)}^{2} - 2$

Step 1.2

Use the vertex form, $y = a {(x - h)}^{2} + k$ , to determine the values of $a$ , $h$ , and $k$ .

$a = \frac{1}{2}$

$h = - 2$

$k = - 2$

Step 1.3

Since the value of $a$ is positive, the parabola opens up.

Opens Up

Step 1.4

Find the vertex $(h, k)$ .

$(- 2, - 2)$

Step 1.5

Find $p$ , the distance from the vertex to the focus.

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Step 1.5.1

Find the distance from the vertex to a focus of the parabola by using the following formula.

$\frac{1}{4 a}$

Step 1.5.2

Substitute the value of $a$ into the formula.

$\frac{1}{4 \cdot \frac{1}{2}}$

Step 1.5.3

Simplify.

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Step 1.5.3.1

Combine $4$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{\frac{4}{2}}$

Step 1.5.3.2

Divide $4$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{2}$

Step 1.6

Find the focus.

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Step 1.6.1

The focus of a parabola can be found by adding $p$ to the y-coordinate $k$ if the parabola opens up or down.

$(h, k + p)$

Step 1.6.2

Substitute the known values of $h$ , $p$ , and $k$ into the formula and simplify.

$(- 2, - \frac{3}{2})$

Step 1.7

Find the axis of symmetry by finding the line that passes through the vertex and the focus.

$x = - 2$

Step 1.8

Find the directrix.

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Step 1.8.1

The directrix of a parabola is the horizontal line found by subtracting $p$ from the y-coordinate $k$ of the vertex if the parabola opens up or down.

$y = k - p$

Step 1.8.2

Substitute the known values of $p$ and $k$ into the formula and simplify.

$y = - \frac{5}{2}$

Step 1.9

Use the properties of the parabola to analyze and graph the parabola.

Direction: Opens Up

Vertex: $(- 2, - 2)$

Focus: $(- 2, - \frac{3}{2})$

Axis of Symmetry: $x = - 2$

Directrix: $y = - \frac{5}{2}$

Direction: Opens Up

Vertex: $(- 2, - 2)$

Focus: $(- 2, - \frac{3}{2})$

Axis of Symmetry: $x = - 2$

Directrix: $y = - \frac{5}{2}$

Step 2

Select a few $x$ values, and plug them into the equation to find the corresponding $y$ values. The $x$ values should be selected around the vertex.

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Step 2.1

Replace the variable $x$ with $- 4$ in the expression.

$f (- 4) = \frac{{(- 4)}^{2}}{2} + 2 (- 4)$

Step 2.2

Simplify the result.

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Step 2.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.2.1.1

Raise $- 4$ to the power of $2$ .

$f (- 4) = \frac{16}{2} + 2 (- 4)$

Step 2.2.1.2

Divide $16$ by $2$ .

$f (- 4) = 8 + 2 (- 4)$

Step 2.2.1.3

Multiply $2$ by $- 4$ .

$f (- 4) = 8 - 8$

Step 2.2.2

Subtract $8$ from $8$ .

$f (- 4) = 0$

Step 2.2.3

The final answer is $0$ .

$0$

Step 2.3

The $y$ value at $x = - 4$ is $0$ .

$y = 0$

Step 2.4

Replace the variable $x$ with $- 3$ in the expression.

$f (- 3) = \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2} + 2 (- 3)$

Step 2.5

Simplify the result.

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Step 2.5.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.5.1.1

Raise $- 3$ to the power of $2$ .

$f (- 3) = \frac{9}{2} + 2 (- 3)$

Step 2.5.1.2

Multiply $2$ by $- 3$ .

$f (- 3) = \frac{9}{2} - 6$

Step 2.5.2

To write $- 6$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (- 3) = \frac{9}{2} - 6 \cdot \frac{2}{2}$

Step 2.5.3

Combine $- 6$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (- 3) = \frac{9}{2} + \frac{- 6 \cdot 2}{2}$

Step 2.5.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$f (- 3) = \frac{9 - 6 \cdot 2}{2}$

Step 2.5.5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 2.5.5.1

Multiply $- 6$ by $2$ .

$f (- 3) = \frac{9 - 12}{2}$

Step 2.5.5.2

Subtract $12$ from $9$ .

$f (- 3) = \frac{- 3}{2}$

Step 2.5.6

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$f (- 3) = - \frac{3}{2}$

Step 2.5.7

The final answer is $- \frac{3}{2}$ .

$- \frac{3}{2}$

Step 2.6

The $y$ value at $x = - 3$ is $- \frac{3}{2}$ .

$y = - \frac{3}{2}$

Step 2.7

Replace the variable $x$ with $0$ in the expression.

$f (0) = \frac{{(0)}^{2}}{2} + 2 (0)$

Step 2.8

Simplify the result.

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Step 2.8.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.8.1.1

Raising $0$ to any positive power yields $0$ .

$f (0) = \frac{0}{2} + 2 (0)$

Step 2.8.1.2

Divide $0$ by $2$ .

$f (0) = 0 + 2 (0)$

Step 2.8.1.3

Multiply $2$ by $0$ .

$f (0) = 0 + 0$

Step 2.8.2

Add $0$ and $0$ .

$f (0) = 0$

Step 2.8.3

The final answer is $0$ .

$0$

Step 2.9

The $y$ value at $x = 0$ is $0$ .

$y = 0$

Step 2.10

Replace the variable $x$ with $- 1$ in the expression.

$f (- 1) = \frac{{(- 1)}^{2}}{2} + 2 (- 1)$

Step 2.11

Simplify the result.

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Step 2.11.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.11.1.1

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$f (- 1) = \frac{1}{2} + 2 (- 1)$

Step 2.11.1.2

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$f (- 1) = \frac{1}{2} - 2$

Step 2.11.2

To write $- 2$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (- 1) = \frac{1}{2} - 2 \cdot \frac{2}{2}$

Step 2.11.3

Combine $- 2$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (- 1) = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 2 \cdot 2}{2}$

Step 2.11.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$f (- 1) = \frac{1 - 2 \cdot 2}{2}$

Step 2.11.5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 2.11.5.1

Multiply $- 2$ by $2$ .

$f (- 1) = \frac{1 - 4}{2}$

Step 2.11.5.2

Subtract $4$ from $1$ .

$f (- 1) = \frac{- 3}{2}$

Step 2.11.6

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$f (- 1) = - \frac{3}{2}$

Step 2.11.7

The final answer is $- \frac{3}{2}$ .

$- \frac{3}{2}$

Step 2.12

The $y$ value at $x = - 1$ is $- \frac{3}{2}$ .

$y = - \frac{3}{2}$

Step 2.13

Graph the parabola using its properties and the selected points.

$\begin{array}{c} x & y \\ - 4 & 0 \\ - 3 & - \frac{3}{2} \\ - 2 & - 2 \\ - 1 & - \frac{3}{2} \\ 0 & 0 \end{array}$

Step 3

Graph the parabola using its properties and the selected points.

Direction: Opens Up

Vertex: $(- 2, - 2)$

Focus: $(- 2, - \frac{3}{2})$

Axis of Symmetry: $x = - 2$

Directrix: $y = - \frac{5}{2}$

$\begin{array}{c} x & y \\ - 4 & 0 \\ - 3 & - \frac{3}{2} \\ - 2 & - 2 \\ - 1 & - \frac{3}{2} \\ 0 & 0 \end{array}$

Step 4