Pre-Algebra Examples

$3 {(x + 3)}^{2} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 4} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.1

Rewrite ${(x + 3)}^{2}$ as $(x + 3) (x + 3)$ .

$3 ((x + 3) (x + 3)) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 4} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.2

Expand $(x + 3) (x + 3)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 1.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$3 (x (x + 3) + 3 (x + 3)) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 4} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$3 (x \cdot x + x \cdot 3 + 3 (x + 3)) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 4} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$3 (x \cdot x + x \cdot 3 + 3 x + 3 \cdot 3) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 4} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.3

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 1.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.3.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$3 (x^{2} + x \cdot 3 + 3 x + 3 \cdot 3) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 4} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.3.1.2

Move $3$ to the left of $x$ .

$3 (x^{2} + 3 \cdot x + 3 x + 3 \cdot 3) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 4} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.3.1.3

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$3 (x^{2} + 3 x + 3 x + 9) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 4} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.3.2

Add $3 x$ and $3 x$ .

$3 (x^{2} + 6 x + 9) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 4} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.4

Apply the distributive property.

$(3 x^{2} + 3 (6 x) + 3 \cdot 9) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 4} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.5

Simplify.

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Step 1.5.1

Multiply $6$ by $3$ .

$(3 x^{2} + 18 x + 3 \cdot 9) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 4} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.5.2

Multiply $3$ by $9$ .

$(3 x^{2} + 18 x + 27) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 4} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.6

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$(3 x^{2} + 18 x + 27) \frac{1}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.7

Multiply $3 x^{2} + 18 x + 27$ by $\frac{1}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} + 18 x + 27}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.8

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 1.8.1

Factor $3$ out of $3 x^{2} + 18 x + 27$ .

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Step 1.8.1.1

Factor $3$ out of $3 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{3 (x^{2}) + 18 x + 27}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.8.1.2

Factor $3$ out of $18 x$ .

$\frac{3 (x^{2}) + 3 (6 x) + 27}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.8.1.3

Factor $3$ out of $27$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} + 3 (6 x) + 3 \cdot 9}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.8.1.4

Factor $3$ out of $3 x^{2} + 3 (6 x)$ .

$\frac{3 (x^{2} + 6 x) + 3 \cdot 9}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.8.1.5

Factor $3$ out of $3 (x^{2} + 6 x) + 3 \cdot 9$ .

$\frac{3 (x^{2} + 6 x + 9)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.8.2

Factor using the perfect square rule.

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Step 1.8.2.1

Rewrite $9$ as $3^{2}$ .

$\frac{3 (x^{2} + 6 x + 3^{2})}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.8.2.2

Check that the middle term is two times the product of the numbers being squared in the first term and third term.

$6 x = 2 \cdot x \cdot 3$

Step 1.8.2.3

Rewrite the polynomial.

$\frac{3 (x^{2} + 2 \cdot x \cdot 3 + 3^{2})}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.8.2.4

Factor using the perfect square trinomial rule $a^{2} + 2 a b + b^{2} = {(a + b)}^{2}$ , where $a = x$ and $b = 3$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 {(x + 3)}^{3} {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.9

Use the Binomial Theorem.

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 (x^{3} + 3 x^{2} \cdot 3 + 3 x \cdot 3^{2} + 3^{3}) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.10

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.10.1

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 (x^{3} + 9 x^{2} + 3 x \cdot 3^{2} + 3^{3}) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.10.2

Multiply $3$ by $3^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.10.2.1

Move $3^{2}$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 (x^{3} + 9 x^{2} + 3^{2} \cdot 3 x + 3^{3}) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.10.2.2

Multiply $3^{2}$ by $3$ .

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Step 1.10.2.2.1

Raise $3$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 (x^{3} + 9 x^{2} + 3^{2} \cdot 3^{1} x + 3^{3}) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.10.2.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 (x^{3} + 9 x^{2} + 3^{2 + 1} x + 3^{3}) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.10.2.3

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 (x^{3} + 9 x^{2} + 3^{3} x + 3^{3}) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.10.3

Raise $3$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 (x^{3} + 9 x^{2} + 27 x + 3^{3}) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.10.4

Raise $3$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} - 8 (x^{3} + 9 x^{2} + 27 x + 27) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.11

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} + (- 8 x^{3} - 8 (9 x^{2}) - 8 (27 x) - 8 \cdot 27) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.12

Simplify.

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Step 1.12.1

Multiply $9$ by $- 8$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} + (- 8 x^{3} - 72 x^{2} - 8 (27 x) - 8 \cdot 27) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.12.2

Multiply $27$ by $- 8$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} + (- 8 x^{3} - 72 x^{2} - 216 x - 8 \cdot 27) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.12.3

Multiply $- 8$ by $27$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} + (- 8 x^{3} - 72 x^{2} - 216 x - 216) {(2 x - 1)}^{- 5}$

Step 1.13

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} + (- 8 x^{3} - 72 x^{2} - 216 x - 216) \frac{1}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 1.14

Multiply $- 8 x^{3} - 72 x^{2} - 216 x - 216$ by $\frac{1}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} + \frac{- 8 x^{3} - 72 x^{2} - 216 x - 216}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 1.15

Factor $8$ out of $- 8 x^{3} - 72 x^{2} - 216 x - 216$ .

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Step 1.15.1

Factor $8$ out of $- 8 x^{3}$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} + \frac{8 (- x^{3}) - 72 x^{2} - 216 x - 216}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 1.15.2

Factor $8$ out of $- 72 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} + \frac{8 (- x^{3}) + 8 (- 9 x^{2}) - 216 x - 216}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 1.15.3

Factor $8$ out of $- 216 x$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} + \frac{8 (- x^{3}) + 8 (- 9 x^{2}) + 8 (- 27 x) - 216}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 1.15.4

Factor $8$ out of $- 216$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} + \frac{8 (- x^{3}) + 8 (- 9 x^{2}) + 8 (- 27 x) + 8 (- 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 1.15.5

Factor $8$ out of $8 (- x^{3}) + 8 (- 9 x^{2})$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} + \frac{8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2}) + 8 (- 27 x) + 8 (- 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 1.15.6

Factor $8$ out of $8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2}) + 8 (- 27 x)$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} + \frac{8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x) + 8 (- 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 1.15.7

Factor $8$ out of $8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x) + 8 (- 27)$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} + \frac{8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 2

To write $\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2 x - 1}{2 x - 1}$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}} \cdot \frac{2 x - 1}{2 x - 1} + \frac{8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 3

Write each expression with a common denominator of ${(2 x - 1)}^{5}$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 3.1

Multiply $\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2}}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4}}$ by $\frac{2 x - 1}{2 x - 1}$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2} (2 x - 1)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4} (2 x - 1)} + \frac{8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 3.2

Multiply ${(2 x - 1)}^{4}$ by $2 x - 1$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 3.2.1

Multiply ${(2 x - 1)}^{4}$ by $2 x - 1$ .

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Step 3.2.1.1

Raise $2 x - 1$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2} (2 x - 1)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4} {(2 x - 1)}^{1}} + \frac{8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 3.2.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2} (2 x - 1)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{4 + 1}} + \frac{8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 3.2.2

Add $4$ and $1$ .

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2} (2 x - 1)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}} + \frac{8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{2} (2 x - 1) + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 5.1

Rewrite ${(x + 3)}^{2}$ as $(x + 3) (x + 3)$ .

$\frac{3 ((x + 3) (x + 3)) (2 x - 1) + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.2

Expand $(x + 3) (x + 3)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 5.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 (x (x + 3) + 3 (x + 3)) (2 x - 1) + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 (x \cdot x + x \cdot 3 + 3 (x + 3)) (2 x - 1) + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 (x \cdot x + x \cdot 3 + 3 x + 3 \cdot 3) (2 x - 1) + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.3

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 5.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 5.3.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{3 (x^{2} + x \cdot 3 + 3 x + 3 \cdot 3) (2 x - 1) + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.3.1.2

Move $3$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{3 (x^{2} + 3 \cdot x + 3 x + 3 \cdot 3) (2 x - 1) + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.3.1.3

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$\frac{3 (x^{2} + 3 x + 3 x + 9) (2 x - 1) + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.3.2

Add $3 x$ and $3 x$ .

$\frac{3 (x^{2} + 6 x + 9) (2 x - 1) + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.4

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(3 x^{2} + 3 (6 x) + 3 \cdot 9) (2 x - 1) + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.5

Simplify.

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Step 5.5.1

Multiply $6$ by $3$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{2} + 18 x + 3 \cdot 9) (2 x - 1) + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.5.2

Multiply $3$ by $9$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{2} + 18 x + 27) (2 x - 1) + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.6

Expand $(3 x^{2} + 18 x + 27) (2 x - 1)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$\frac{3 x^{2} (2 x) + 3 x^{2} \cdot - 1 + 18 x (2 x) + 18 x \cdot - 1 + 27 (2 x) + 27 \cdot - 1 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.7

Simplify each term.

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Step 5.7.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{3 \cdot 2 x^{2} x + 3 x^{2} \cdot - 1 + 18 x (2 x) + 18 x \cdot - 1 + 27 (2 x) + 27 \cdot - 1 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.7.2

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 5.7.2.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{3 \cdot 2 (x \cdot x^{2}) + 3 x^{2} \cdot - 1 + 18 x (2 x) + 18 x \cdot - 1 + 27 (2 x) + 27 \cdot - 1 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.7.2.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 5.7.2.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{3 \cdot 2 (x^{1} x^{2}) + 3 x^{2} \cdot - 1 + 18 x (2 x) + 18 x \cdot - 1 + 27 (2 x) + 27 \cdot - 1 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.7.2.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{3 \cdot 2 x^{1 + 2} + 3 x^{2} \cdot - 1 + 18 x (2 x) + 18 x \cdot - 1 + 27 (2 x) + 27 \cdot - 1 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.7.2.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{3 \cdot 2 x^{3} + 3 x^{2} \cdot - 1 + 18 x (2 x) + 18 x \cdot - 1 + 27 (2 x) + 27 \cdot - 1 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.7.3

Multiply $3$ by $2$ .

$\frac{6 x^{3} + 3 x^{2} \cdot - 1 + 18 x (2 x) + 18 x \cdot - 1 + 27 (2 x) + 27 \cdot - 1 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.7.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$\frac{6 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 18 x (2 x) + 18 x \cdot - 1 + 27 (2 x) + 27 \cdot - 1 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.7.5

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{6 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 18 \cdot 2 x \cdot x + 18 x \cdot - 1 + 27 (2 x) + 27 \cdot - 1 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.7.6

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 5.7.6.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{6 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 18 \cdot 2 (x \cdot x) + 18 x \cdot - 1 + 27 (2 x) + 27 \cdot - 1 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.7.6.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{6 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 18 \cdot 2 x^{2} + 18 x \cdot - 1 + 27 (2 x) + 27 \cdot - 1 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.7.7

Multiply $18$ by $2$ .

$\frac{6 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 36 x^{2} + 18 x \cdot - 1 + 27 (2 x) + 27 \cdot - 1 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.7.8

Multiply $- 1$ by $18$ .

$\frac{6 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 36 x^{2} - 18 x + 27 (2 x) + 27 \cdot - 1 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.7.9

Multiply $2$ by $27$ .

$\frac{6 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 36 x^{2} - 18 x + 54 x + 27 \cdot - 1 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.7.10

Multiply $27$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{6 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 36 x^{2} - 18 x + 54 x - 27 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.8

Add $- 3 x^{2}$ and $36 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{6 x^{3} + 33 x^{2} - 18 x + 54 x - 27 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.9

Add $- 18 x$ and $54 x$ .

$\frac{6 x^{3} + 33 x^{2} + 36 x - 27 + 8 (- x^{3} - 9 x^{2} - 27 x - 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.10

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{6 x^{3} + 33 x^{2} + 36 x - 27 + 8 (- x^{3}) + 8 (- 9 x^{2}) + 8 (- 27 x) + 8 \cdot - 27}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.11

Simplify.

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Step 5.11.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $8$ .

$\frac{6 x^{3} + 33 x^{2} + 36 x - 27 - 8 x^{3} + 8 (- 9 x^{2}) + 8 (- 27 x) + 8 \cdot - 27}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.11.2

Multiply $- 9$ by $8$ .

$\frac{6 x^{3} + 33 x^{2} + 36 x - 27 - 8 x^{3} - 72 x^{2} + 8 (- 27 x) + 8 \cdot - 27}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.11.3

Multiply $- 27$ by $8$ .

$\frac{6 x^{3} + 33 x^{2} + 36 x - 27 - 8 x^{3} - 72 x^{2} - 216 x + 8 \cdot - 27}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.11.4

Multiply $8$ by $- 27$ .

$\frac{6 x^{3} + 33 x^{2} + 36 x - 27 - 8 x^{3} - 72 x^{2} - 216 x - 216}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.12

Subtract $8 x^{3}$ from $6 x^{3}$ .

$\frac{- 2 x^{3} + 33 x^{2} + 36 x - 27 - 72 x^{2} - 216 x - 216}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.13

Subtract $72 x^{2}$ from $33 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{- 2 x^{3} - 39 x^{2} + 36 x - 27 - 216 x - 216}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.14

Subtract $216 x$ from $36 x$ .

$\frac{- 2 x^{3} - 39 x^{2} - 180 x - 27 - 216}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.15

Subtract $216$ from $- 27$ .

$\frac{- 2 x^{3} - 39 x^{2} - 180 x - 243}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.16

Rewrite $- 2 x^{3} - 39 x^{2} - 180 x - 243$ in a factored form.

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Step 5.16.1

Factor $- 2 x^{3} - 39 x^{2} - 180 x - 243$ using the rational roots test.

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Step 5.16.1.1

If a polynomial function has integer coefficients, then every rational zero will have the form $\frac{p}{q}$ where $p$ is a factor of the constant and $q$ is a factor of the leading coefficient.

$p = \pm 1, \pm 243, \pm 3, \pm 81, \pm 9, \pm 27$

$q = \pm 1, \pm 2$

Step 5.16.1.2

Find every combination of $\pm \frac{p}{q}$ . These are the possible roots of the polynomial function.

$\pm 1, \pm 0.5, \pm 243, \pm 121.5, \pm 3, \pm 1.5, \pm 81, \pm 40.5, \pm 9, \pm 4.5, \pm 27, \pm 13.5$

Step 5.16.1.3

Substitute $- 3$ and simplify the expression. In this case, the expression is equal to $0$ so $- 3$ is a root of the polynomial.

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Step 5.16.1.3.1

Substitute $- 3$ into the polynomial.

$- 2 {(- 3)}^{3} - 39 {(- 3)}^{2} - 180 \cdot - 3 - 243$

Step 5.16.1.3.2

Raise $- 3$ to the power of $3$ .

$- 2 \cdot - 27 - 39 {(- 3)}^{2} - 180 \cdot - 3 - 243$

Step 5.16.1.3.3

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 27$ .

$54 - 39 {(- 3)}^{2} - 180 \cdot - 3 - 243$

Step 5.16.1.3.4

Raise $- 3$ to the power of $2$ .

$54 - 39 \cdot 9 - 180 \cdot - 3 - 243$

Step 5.16.1.3.5

Multiply $- 39$ by $9$ .

$54 - 351 - 180 \cdot - 3 - 243$

Step 5.16.1.3.6

Subtract $351$ from $54$ .

$- 297 - 180 \cdot - 3 - 243$

Step 5.16.1.3.7

Multiply $- 180$ by $- 3$ .

$- 297 + 540 - 243$

Step 5.16.1.3.8

Add $- 297$ and $540$ .

$243 - 243$

Step 5.16.1.3.9

Subtract $243$ from $243$ .

$0$

Step 5.16.1.4

Since $- 3$ is a known root, divide the polynomial by $x + 3$ to find the quotient polynomial. This polynomial can then be used to find the remaining roots.

$\frac{- 2 x^{3} - 39 x^{2} - 180 x - 243}{x + 3}$

Step 5.16.1.5

Divide $- 2 x^{3} - 39 x^{2} - 180 x - 243$ by $x + 3$ .

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Step 5.16.1.5.1

Set up the polynomials to be divided. If there is not a term for every exponent, insert one with a value of $0$ .

$x$

$3$

$2 x^{3}$

$39 x^{2}$

$180 x$

$243$

Step 5.16.1.5.2

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $- 2 x^{3}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

				-	$2 x^{2}$
	$x$	+	$3$	-	$2 x^{3}$	-	$39 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$	-	$243$

Step 5.16.1.5.3

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

			-	$2 x^{2}$
$x$	+	$3$	-	$2 x^{3}$	-	$39 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$	-	$243$
			-	$2 x^{3}$	-	$6 x^{2}$

Step 5.16.1.5.4

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $- 2 x^{3} - 6 x^{2}$

			-	$2 x^{2}$
$x$	+	$3$	-	$2 x^{3}$	-	$39 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$	-	$243$
			+	$2 x^{3}$	+	$6 x^{2}$

Step 5.16.1.5.5

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

			-	$2 x^{2}$
$x$	+	$3$	-	$2 x^{3}$	-	$39 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$	-	$243$
			+	$2 x^{3}$	+	$6 x^{2}$
					-	$33 x^{2}$

Step 5.16.1.5.6

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

			-	$2 x^{2}$
$x$	+	$3$	-	$2 x^{3}$	-	$39 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$	-	$243$
			+	$2 x^{3}$	+	$6 x^{2}$
					-	$33 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$

Step 5.16.1.5.7

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $- 33 x^{2}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

			-	$2 x^{2}$	-	$33 x$
$x$	+	$3$	-	$2 x^{3}$	-	$39 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$	-	$243$
			+	$2 x^{3}$	+	$6 x^{2}$
					-	$33 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$

Step 5.16.1.5.8

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

			-	$2 x^{2}$	-	$33 x$
$x$	+	$3$	-	$2 x^{3}$	-	$39 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$	-	$243$
			+	$2 x^{3}$	+	$6 x^{2}$
					-	$33 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$
					-	$33 x^{2}$	-	$99 x$

Step 5.16.1.5.9

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $- 33 x^{2} - 99 x$

			-	$2 x^{2}$	-	$33 x$
$x$	+	$3$	-	$2 x^{3}$	-	$39 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$	-	$243$
			+	$2 x^{3}$	+	$6 x^{2}$
					-	$33 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$
					+	$33 x^{2}$	+	$99 x$

Step 5.16.1.5.10

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

			-	$2 x^{2}$	-	$33 x$
$x$	+	$3$	-	$2 x^{3}$	-	$39 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$	-	$243$
			+	$2 x^{3}$	+	$6 x^{2}$
					-	$33 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$
					+	$33 x^{2}$	+	$99 x$
							-	$81 x$

Step 5.16.1.5.11

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

			-	$2 x^{2}$	-	$33 x$
$x$	+	$3$	-	$2 x^{3}$	-	$39 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$	-	$243$
			+	$2 x^{3}$	+	$6 x^{2}$
					-	$33 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$
					+	$33 x^{2}$	+	$99 x$
							-	$81 x$	-	$243$

Step 5.16.1.5.12

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $- 81 x$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

			-	$2 x^{2}$	-	$33 x$	-	$81$
$x$	+	$3$	-	$2 x^{3}$	-	$39 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$	-	$243$
			+	$2 x^{3}$	+	$6 x^{2}$
					-	$33 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$
					+	$33 x^{2}$	+	$99 x$
							-	$81 x$	-	$243$

Step 5.16.1.5.13

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

			-	$2 x^{2}$	-	$33 x$	-	$81$
$x$	+	$3$	-	$2 x^{3}$	-	$39 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$	-	$243$
			+	$2 x^{3}$	+	$6 x^{2}$
					-	$33 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$
					+	$33 x^{2}$	+	$99 x$
							-	$81 x$	-	$243$
							-	$81 x$	-	$243$

Step 5.16.1.5.14

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $- 81 x - 243$

			-	$2 x^{2}$	-	$33 x$	-	$81$
$x$	+	$3$	-	$2 x^{3}$	-	$39 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$	-	$243$
			+	$2 x^{3}$	+	$6 x^{2}$
					-	$33 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$
					+	$33 x^{2}$	+	$99 x$
							-	$81 x$	-	$243$
							+	$81 x$	+	$243$

Step 5.16.1.5.15

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

			-	$2 x^{2}$	-	$33 x$	-	$81$
$x$	+	$3$	-	$2 x^{3}$	-	$39 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$	-	$243$
			+	$2 x^{3}$	+	$6 x^{2}$
					-	$33 x^{2}$	-	$180 x$
					+	$33 x^{2}$	+	$99 x$
							-	$81 x$	-	$243$
							+	$81 x$	+	$243$
										$0$

Step 5.16.1.5.16

Since the remander is $0$ , the final answer is the quotient.

$- 2 x^{2} - 33 x - 81$

Step 5.16.1.6

Write $- 2 x^{3} - 39 x^{2} - 180 x - 243$ as a set of factors.

$\frac{(x + 3) (- 2 x^{2} - 33 x - 81)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.16.2

Factor by grouping.

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Step 5.16.2.1

For a polynomial of the form $a x^{2} + b x + c$ , rewrite the middle term as a sum of two terms whose product is $a \cdot c = - 2 \cdot - 81 = 162$ and whose sum is $b = - 33$ .

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Step 5.16.2.1.1

Factor $- 33$ out of $- 33 x$ .

$\frac{(x + 3) (- 2 x^{2} - 33 (x) - 81)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.16.2.1.2

Rewrite $- 33$ as $- 6$ plus $- 27$

$\frac{(x + 3) (- 2 x^{2} + (- 6 - 27) x - 81)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.16.2.1.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(x + 3) (- 2 x^{2} - 6 x - 27 x - 81)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.16.2.2

Factor out the greatest common factor from each group.

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Step 5.16.2.2.1

Group the first two terms and the last two terms.

$\frac{(x + 3) ((- 2 x^{2} - 6 x) - 27 x - 81)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.16.2.2.2

Factor out the greatest common factor (GCF) from each group.

$\frac{(x + 3) (2 x (- x - 3) + 27 (- x - 3))}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.16.2.3

Factor the polynomial by factoring out the greatest common factor, $- x - 3$ .

$\frac{(x + 3) ((- x - 3) (2 x + 27))}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

$\frac{(x + 3) (- x - 3) (2 x + 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.17

Combine exponents.

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Step 5.17.1

Factor $- 1$ out of $x$ .

$\frac{(- 1 (- x) + 3) (- x - 3) (2 x + 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.17.2

Rewrite $3$ as $- 1 (- 3)$ .

$\frac{(- 1 (- x) - 1 (- 3)) (- x - 3) (2 x + 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.17.3

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 1 (- x) - 1 (- 3)$ .

$\frac{- 1 (- x - 3) (- x - 3) (2 x + 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.17.4

Raise $- x - 3$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- 1 ({(- x - 3)}^{1} (- x - 3)) (2 x + 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.17.5

Raise $- x - 3$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- 1 ({(- x - 3)}^{1} {(- x - 3)}^{1}) (2 x + 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.17.6

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- 1 {(- x - 3)}^{1 + 1} (2 x + 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 5.17.7

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{- 1 {(- x - 3)}^{2} (2 x + 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$

Step 6

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{{(- x - 3)}^{2} (2 x + 27)}{{(2 x - 1)}^{5}}$