Pre-Algebra Examples

$\frac{\frac{x - y}{x + y} + \frac{x + y}{x - y}}{\frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 1

Multiply the numerator and denominator of the fraction by $(x + y) (x - y) y x$ .

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Step 1.1

Multiply $\frac{\frac{x - y}{x + y} + \frac{x + y}{x - y}}{\frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{x}}$ by $\frac{(x + y) (x - y) y x}{(x + y) (x - y) y x}$ .

$\frac{(x + y) (x - y) y x}{(x + y) (x - y) y x} \cdot \frac{\frac{x - y}{x + y} + \frac{x + y}{x - y}}{\frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 1.2

Combine.

$\frac{(x + y) (x - y) y x (\frac{x - y}{x + y} + \frac{x + y}{x - y})}{(x + y) (x - y) y x (\frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{x})}$

Step 2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x - y}{x + y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x + y}{x - y}}{(x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3

Simplify by cancelling.

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Step 3.1

Cancel the common factor of $x + y$ .

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Step 3.1.1

Factor $x + y$ out of $(x + y) (x - y) y x$ .

$\frac{(x + y) ((x - y) y x) \frac{x - y}{x + y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x + y}{x - y}}{(x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.1.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{(x + y) ((x - y) y x) \frac{x - y}{x + y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x + y}{x - y}}{(x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.1.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{(x - y) y x (x - y) + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x + y}{x - y}}{(x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.2

Raise $x - y$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{y x ({(x - y)}^{1} (x - y)) + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x + y}{x - y}}{(x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.3

Raise $x - y$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{y x ({(x - y)}^{1} {(x - y)}^{1}) + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x + y}{x - y}}{(x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{1 + 1} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x + y}{x - y}}{(x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x + y}{x - y}}{(x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.6

Cancel the common factor of $x - y$ .

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Step 3.6.1

Factor $x - y$ out of $(x + y) (x - y) y x$ .

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + (x - y) ((x + y) y x) \frac{x + y}{x - y}}{(x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.6.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + (x - y) ((x + y) y x) \frac{x + y}{x - y}}{(x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.6.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + (x + y) y x (x + y)}{(x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.7

Raise $x + y$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x ({(x + y)}^{1} (x + y))}{(x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.8

Raise $x + y$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x ({(x + y)}^{1} {(x + y)}^{1})}{(x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.9

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{1 + 1}}{(x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.10

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{2}}{(x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.11

Cancel the common factor of $y$ .

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Step 3.11.1

Factor $y$ out of $(x + y) (x - y) y x$ .

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{2}}{y ((x + y) (x - y) x) \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.11.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{2}}{y ((x + y) (x - y) x) \frac{x}{y} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.11.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{2}}{(x + y) (x - y) x \cdot x + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.12

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{2}}{(x + y) (x - y) (x^{1} x) + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.13

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{2}}{(x + y) (x - y) (x^{1} x^{1}) + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.14

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{2}}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{1 + 1} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.15

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{2}}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y x \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.16

Cancel the common factor of $x$ .

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Step 3.16.1

Factor $x$ out of $(x + y) (x - y) y x$ .

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{2}}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + x ((x + y) (x - y) y) \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.16.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{2}}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + x ((x + y) (x - y) y) \frac{y}{x}}$

Step 3.16.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{2}}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y \cdot y}$

Step 3.17

Raise $y$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{2}}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) (y^{1} y)}$

Step 3.18

Raise $y$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{2}}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) (y^{1} y^{1})}$

Step 3.19

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{2}}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{1 + 1}}$

Step 3.20

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{2}}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.1

Factor $y x$ out of $y x {(x - y)}^{2} + y x {(x + y)}^{2}$ .

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Step 4.1.1

Factor $y x$ out of $y x {(x - y)}^{2}$ .

$\frac{y x ({(x - y)}^{2}) + y x {(x + y)}^{2}}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.1.2

Factor $y x$ out of $y x {(x + y)}^{2}$ .

$\frac{y x ({(x - y)}^{2}) + y x ({(x + y)}^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.1.3

Factor $y x$ out of $y x ({(x - y)}^{2}) + y x ({(x + y)}^{2})$ .

$\frac{y x ({(x - y)}^{2} + {(x + y)}^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.2

Rewrite ${(x - y)}^{2}$ as $(x - y) (x - y)$ .

$\frac{y x ((x - y) (x - y) + {(x + y)}^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.3

Expand $(x - y) (x - y)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 4.3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{y x (x (x - y) - y (x - y) + {(x + y)}^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.3.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{y x (x \cdot x + x (- y) - y (x - y) + {(x + y)}^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.3.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{y x (x \cdot x + x (- y) - y x - y (- y) + {(x + y)}^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.4

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 4.4.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.4.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{y x (x^{2} + x (- y) - y x - y (- y) + {(x + y)}^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.4.1.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{y x (x^{2} - x y - y x - y (- y) + {(x + y)}^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.4.1.3

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{y x (x^{2} - x y - y x - 1 \cdot - 1 y \cdot y + {(x + y)}^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.4.1.4

Multiply $y$ by $y$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.4.1.4.1

Move $y$ .

$\frac{y x (x^{2} - x y - y x - 1 \cdot - 1 (y \cdot y) + {(x + y)}^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.4.1.4.2

Multiply $y$ by $y$ .

$\frac{y x (x^{2} - x y - y x - 1 \cdot - 1 y^{2} + {(x + y)}^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.4.1.5

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{y x (x^{2} - x y - y x + 1 y^{2} + {(x + y)}^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.4.1.6

Multiply $y^{2}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{y x (x^{2} - x y - y x + y^{2} + {(x + y)}^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.4.2

Subtract $y x$ from $- x y$ .

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Step 4.4.2.1

Move $y$ .

$\frac{y x (x^{2} - x y - 1 x y + y^{2} + {(x + y)}^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.4.2.2

Subtract $x y$ from $- x y$ .

$\frac{y x (x^{2} - 2 x y + y^{2} + {(x + y)}^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.5

Rewrite ${(x + y)}^{2}$ as $(x + y) (x + y)$ .

$\frac{y x (x^{2} - 2 x y + y^{2} + (x + y) (x + y))}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.6

Expand $(x + y) (x + y)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 4.6.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{y x (x^{2} - 2 x y + y^{2} + x (x + y) + y (x + y))}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.6.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{y x (x^{2} - 2 x y + y^{2} + x \cdot x + x y + y (x + y))}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.6.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{y x (x^{2} - 2 x y + y^{2} + x \cdot x + x y + y x + y \cdot y)}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.7

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 4.7.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.7.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{y x (x^{2} - 2 x y + y^{2} + x^{2} + x y + y x + y \cdot y)}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.7.1.2

Multiply $y$ by $y$ .

$\frac{y x (x^{2} - 2 x y + y^{2} + x^{2} + x y + y x + y^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.7.2

Add $x y$ and $y x$ .

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Step 4.7.2.1

Reorder $y$ and $x$ .

$\frac{y x (x^{2} - 2 x y + y^{2} + x^{2} + x y + x y + y^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.7.2.2

Add $x y$ and $x y$ .

$\frac{y x (x^{2} - 2 x y + y^{2} + x^{2} + 2 x y + y^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.8

Add $x^{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{y x (2 x^{2} - 2 x y + y^{2} + 2 x y + y^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.9

Add $- 2 x y$ and $2 x y$ .

$\frac{y x (2 x^{2} + y^{2} + 0 + y^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.10

Add $2 x^{2}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{y x (2 x^{2} + y^{2} + y^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.11

Add $y^{2}$ and $y^{2}$ .

$\frac{y x (2 x^{2} + 2 y^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.12

Factor $2$ out of $2 x^{2} + 2 y^{2}$ .

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Step 4.12.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{y x (2 (x^{2}) + 2 y^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.12.2

Factor $2$ out of $2 y^{2}$ .

$\frac{y x (2 (x^{2}) + 2 (y^{2}))}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 4.12.3

Factor $2$ out of $2 (x^{2}) + 2 (y^{2})$ .

$\frac{y x (2 (x^{2} + y^{2}))}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

$\frac{y x \cdot 2 (x^{2} + y^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 5

Simplify terms.

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Step 5.1

Factor $(x + y) (x - y)$ out of $(x + y) (x - y) x^{2} + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}$ .

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Step 5.1.1

Factor $(x + y) (x - y)$ out of $(x + y) (x - y) x^{2}$ .

$\frac{y x \cdot 2 (x^{2} + y^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) (x^{2}) + (x + y) (x - y) y^{2}}$

Step 5.1.2

Factor $(x + y) (x - y)$ out of $(x + y) (x - y) y^{2}$ .

$\frac{y x \cdot 2 (x^{2} + y^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) (x^{2}) + (x + y) (x - y) (y^{2})}$

Step 5.1.3

Factor $(x + y) (x - y)$ out of $(x + y) (x - y) (x^{2}) + (x + y) (x - y) (y^{2})$ .

$\frac{y x \cdot 2 (x^{2} + y^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) (x^{2} + y^{2})}$

Step 5.2

Cancel the common factor of $x^{2} + y^{2}$ .

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Step 5.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{y x \cdot 2 (x^{2} + y^{2})}{(x + y) (x - y) (x^{2} + y^{2})}$

Step 5.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{y x \cdot 2}{(x + y) (x - y)}$

Step 5.3

Move $2$ to the left of $y x$ .

$\frac{2 y x}{(x + y) (x - y)}$