Linear Algebra Examples

$[\begin{array}{c} e^{x} & e^{2 x} & e^{3 x} \\ e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array}]$

Step 1

Choose the row or column with the most $0$ elements. If there are no $0$ elements choose any row or column. Multiply every element in row $1$ by its cofactor and add.

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Step 1.1

Consider the corresponding sign chart.

$| \begin{array}{c} + & - & + \\ - & + & - \\ + & - & + \end{array} |$

Step 1.2

The cofactor is the minor with the sign changed if the indices match a $-$ position on the sign chart.

Step 1.3

The minor for $a_{11}$ is the determinant with row $1$ and column $1$ deleted.

$| \begin{array}{c} 2 e^{2 x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ 4 e^{2 x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} |$

Step 1.4

Multiply element $a_{11}$ by its cofactor.

$e^{x} | \begin{array}{c} 2 e^{2 x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ 4 e^{2 x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} |$

Step 1.5

The minor for $a_{12}$ is the determinant with row $1$ and column $2$ deleted.

$| \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ e^{x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} |$

Step 1.6

Multiply element $a_{12}$ by its cofactor.

$- e^{2 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ e^{x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} |$

Step 1.7

The minor for $a_{13}$ is the determinant with row $1$ and column $3$ deleted.

$| \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 1.8

Multiply element $a_{13}$ by its cofactor.

$e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 1.9

Add the terms together.

$e^{x} | \begin{array}{c} 2 e^{2 x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ 4 e^{2 x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} | - e^{2 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ e^{x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} | + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 2

Evaluate $| \begin{array}{c} 2 e^{2 x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ 4 e^{2 x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} |$ .

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Step 2.1

The determinant of a $2 \times 2$ matrix can be found using the formula $| \begin{array}{c} a & b \\ c & d \end{array} | = a d - c b$ .

$e^{x} (2 e^{2 x} (9 e^{3}) - 4 e^{2 x} (3 e^{3 x})) - e^{2 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ e^{x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} | + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 2.2

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.2.1

Multiply $e^{2 x}$ by $e^{3}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.2.1.1

Move $e^{3}$ .

$e^{x} (2 (e^{3} e^{2 x}) \cdot 9 - 4 e^{2 x} (3 e^{3 x})) - e^{2 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ e^{x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} | + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 2.2.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$e^{x} (2 e^{3 + 2 x} \cdot 9 - 4 e^{2 x} (3 e^{3 x})) - e^{2 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ e^{x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} | + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 2.2.2

Multiply $9$ by $2$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 4 e^{2 x} (3 e^{3 x})) - e^{2 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ e^{x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} | + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 2.2.3

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 4 \cdot 3 e^{2 x} e^{3 x}) - e^{2 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ e^{x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} | + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 2.2.4

Multiply $e^{2 x}$ by $e^{3 x}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.2.4.1

Move $e^{3 x}$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 4 \cdot 3 (e^{3 x} e^{2 x})) - e^{2 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ e^{x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} | + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 2.2.4.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 4 \cdot 3 e^{3 x + 2 x}) - e^{2 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ e^{x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} | + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 2.2.4.3

Add $3 x$ and $2 x$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 4 \cdot 3 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ e^{x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} | + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 2.2.5

Multiply $- 4$ by $3$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ e^{x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} | + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 3

Evaluate $| \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 3 e^{3 x} \\ e^{x} & 9 e^{3} \end{array} |$ .

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Step 3.1

The determinant of a $2 \times 2$ matrix can be found using the formula $| \begin{array}{c} a & b \\ c & d \end{array} | = a d - c b$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (e^{x} (9 e^{3}) - e^{x} (3 e^{3 x})) + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 3.2

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.2.1

Multiply $e^{x}$ by $e^{3}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 3.2.1.1

Move $e^{3}$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (e^{3} e^{x} \cdot 9 - e^{x} (3 e^{3 x})) + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 3.2.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (e^{3 + x} \cdot 9 - e^{x} (3 e^{3 x})) + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 3.2.2

Move $9$ to the left of $e^{3 + x}$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 \cdot e^{3 + x} - e^{x} (3 e^{3 x})) + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 3.2.3

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 1 \cdot 3 e^{x} e^{3 x}) + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 3.2.4

Multiply $e^{x}$ by $e^{3 x}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 3.2.4.1

Move $e^{3 x}$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 1 \cdot 3 (e^{3 x} e^{x})) + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 3.2.4.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 1 \cdot 3 e^{3 x + x}) + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 3.2.4.3

Add $3 x$ and $x$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 1 \cdot 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 3.2.5

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} | \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$

Step 4

Evaluate $| \begin{array}{c} e^{x} & 2 e^{2 x} \\ e^{x} & 4 e^{2 x} \end{array} |$ .

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Step 4.1

The determinant of a $2 \times 2$ matrix can be found using the formula $| \begin{array}{c} a & b \\ c & d \end{array} | = a d - c b$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (e^{x} (4 e^{2 x}) - e^{x} (2 e^{2 x}))$

Step 4.2

Simplify the determinant.

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Step 4.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.2.1.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (4 e^{x} e^{2 x} - e^{x} (2 e^{2 x}))$

Step 4.2.1.2

Multiply $e^{x}$ by $e^{2 x}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.2.1.2.1

Move $e^{2 x}$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (4 (e^{2 x} e^{x}) - e^{x} (2 e^{2 x}))$

Step 4.2.1.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (4 e^{2 x + x} - e^{x} (2 e^{2 x}))$

Step 4.2.1.2.3

Add $2 x$ and $x$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (4 e^{3 x} - e^{x} (2 e^{2 x}))$

Step 4.2.1.3

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (4 e^{3 x} - 1 \cdot 2 e^{x} e^{2 x})$

Step 4.2.1.4

Multiply $e^{x}$ by $e^{2 x}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.2.1.4.1

Move $e^{2 x}$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (4 e^{3 x} - 1 \cdot 2 (e^{2 x} e^{x}))$

Step 4.2.1.4.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (4 e^{3 x} - 1 \cdot 2 e^{2 x + x})$

Step 4.2.1.4.3

Add $2 x$ and $x$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (4 e^{3 x} - 1 \cdot 2 e^{3 x})$

Step 4.2.1.5

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (4 e^{3 x} - 2 e^{3 x})$

Step 4.2.2

Subtract $2 e^{3 x}$ from $4 e^{3 x}$ .

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5

Simplify the determinant.

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Step 5.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 5.1.1

Apply the distributive property.

$e^{x} (18 e^{3 + 2 x}) + e^{x} (- 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$18 e^{x} e^{3 + 2 x} + e^{x} (- 12 e^{5 x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.3

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$18 e^{x} e^{3 + 2 x} - 12 e^{x} e^{5 x} - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.4

Simplify each term.

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Step 5.1.4.1

Multiply $e^{x}$ by $e^{3 + 2 x}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 5.1.4.1.1

Move $e^{3 + 2 x}$ .

$18 (e^{3 + 2 x} e^{x}) - 12 e^{x} e^{5 x} - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.4.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$18 e^{3 + 2 x + x} - 12 e^{x} e^{5 x} - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.4.1.3

Add $2 x$ and $x$ .

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{x} e^{5 x} - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.4.2

Multiply $e^{x}$ by $e^{5 x}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 5.1.4.2.1

Move $e^{5 x}$ .

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 (e^{5 x} e^{x}) - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.4.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{5 x + x} - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.4.2.3

Add $5 x$ and $x$ .

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x} - 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.5

Apply the distributive property.

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} - e^{2 x} (9 e^{3 + x}) - e^{2 x} (- 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.6

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} - 1 \cdot 9 e^{2 x} e^{3 + x} - e^{2 x} (- 3 e^{4 x}) + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.7

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} - 1 \cdot 9 e^{2 x} e^{3 + x} - 1 \cdot - 3 e^{2 x} e^{4 x} + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.8

Simplify each term.

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Step 5.1.8.1

Multiply $e^{2 x}$ by $e^{3 + x}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 5.1.8.1.1

Move $e^{3 + x}$ .

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} - 1 \cdot 9 (e^{3 + x} e^{2 x}) - 1 \cdot - 3 e^{2 x} e^{4 x} + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.8.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} - 1 \cdot 9 e^{3 + x + 2 x} - 1 \cdot - 3 e^{2 x} e^{4 x} + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.8.1.3

Add $x$ and $2 x$ .

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} - 1 \cdot 9 e^{3 + 3 x} - 1 \cdot - 3 e^{2 x} e^{4 x} + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.8.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $9$ .

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} - 9 e^{3 + 3 x} - 1 \cdot - 3 e^{2 x} e^{4 x} + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.8.3

Multiply $e^{2 x}$ by $e^{4 x}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 5.1.8.3.1

Move $e^{4 x}$ .

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} - 9 e^{3 + 3 x} - 1 \cdot - 3 (e^{4 x} e^{2 x}) + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.8.3.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} - 9 e^{3 + 3 x} - 1 \cdot - 3 e^{4 x + 2 x} + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.8.3.3

Add $4 x$ and $2 x$ .

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} - 9 e^{3 + 3 x} - 1 \cdot - 3 e^{6 x} + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.8.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 3$ .

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} - 9 e^{3 + 3 x} + 3 e^{6 x} + e^{3 x} (2 e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.9

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} - 9 e^{3 + 3 x} + 3 e^{6 x} + 2 e^{3 x} e^{3 x}$

Step 5.1.10

Multiply $e^{3 x}$ by $e^{3 x}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 5.1.10.1

Move $e^{3 x}$ .

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} - 9 e^{3 + 3 x} + 3 e^{6 x} + 2 (e^{3 x} e^{3 x})$

Step 5.1.10.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} - 9 e^{3 + 3 x} + 3 e^{6 x} + 2 e^{3 x + 3 x}$

Step 5.1.10.3

Add $3 x$ and $3 x$ .

$18 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} - 9 e^{3 + 3 x} + 3 e^{6 x} + 2 e^{6 x}$

Step 5.2

Subtract $9 e^{3 + 3 x}$ from $18 e^{3 + 3 x}$ .

$9 e^{3 + 3 x} - 12 e^{6 x} + 3 e^{6 x} + 2 e^{6 x}$

Step 5.3

Add $- 12 e^{6 x}$ and $3 e^{6 x}$ .

$9 e^{3 + 3 x} - 9 e^{6 x} + 2 e^{6 x}$

Step 5.4

Add $- 9 e^{6 x}$ and $2 e^{6 x}$ .

$9 e^{3 + 3 x} - 7 e^{6 x}$