Linear Algebra Examples

$3 (2 x + y) + 5 z = - 1$ , $2 (x - 3 y + 4 z) = - 9$ , $4 (1 + x) = - 3 (z - 3 y)$

Step 1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.1

Apply the distributive property.

$3 (2 x) + 3 y + 5 z = - 1, 2 (x - 3 y + 4 z) = - 9, 4 (1 + x) = - 3 (z - 3 y)$

Step 1.2

Multiply $2$ by $3$ .

$6 x + 3 y + 5 z = - 1, 2 (x - 3 y + 4 z) = - 9, 4 (1 + x) = - 3 (z - 3 y)$

Step 2

Simplify.

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Step 2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$6 x + 3 y + 5 z = - 1, 2 x + 2 (- 3 y) + 2 (4 z) = - 9, 4 (1 + x) = - 3 (z - 3 y)$

Step 2.2

Simplify.

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Step 2.2.1

Multiply $- 3$ by $2$ .

$6 x + 3 y + 5 z = - 1, 2 x - 6 y + 2 (4 z) = - 9, 4 (1 + x) = - 3 (z - 3 y)$

Step 2.2.2

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$6 x + 3 y + 5 z = - 1, 2 x - 6 y + 8 z = - 9, 4 (1 + x) = - 3 (z - 3 y)$

Step 3

Simplify.

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Step 3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$6 x + 3 y + 5 z = - 1, 2 x - 6 y + 8 z = - 9, 4 \cdot 1 + 4 x = - 3 (z - 3 y)$

Step 3.2

Multiply $4$ by $1$ .

$6 x + 3 y + 5 z = - 1, 2 x - 6 y + 8 z = - 9, 4 + 4 x = - 3 (z - 3 y)$

Step 3.3

Apply the distributive property.

$6 x + 3 y + 5 z = - 1, 2 x - 6 y + 8 z = - 9, 4 + 4 x = - 3 z - 3 (- 3 y)$

Step 3.4

Multiply $- 3$ by $- 3$ .

$6 x + 3 y + 5 z = - 1, 2 x - 6 y + 8 z = - 9, 4 + 4 x = - 3 z + 9 y$

Step 4

Subtract $4$ from both sides of the equation.

$6 x + 3 y + 5 z = - 1, 2 x - 6 y + 8 z = - 9, 4 x = - 3 z + 9 y - 4$

Step 5

Move all terms containing variables to the left side of the equation.

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Step 5.1

Add $3 z$ to both sides of the equation.

$6 x + 3 y + 5 z = - 1, 2 x - 6 y + 8 z = - 9, 4 x + 3 z = 9 y - 4$

Step 5.2

Subtract $9 y$ from both sides of the equation.

$6 x + 3 y + 5 z = - 1, 2 x - 6 y + 8 z = - 9, 4 x + 3 z - 9 y = - 4$

Step 6

Write the system of equations in matrix form.

$[\begin{array}{c} 6 & 3 & 5 & - 1 \\ 2 & - 6 & 8 & - 9 \\ 4 & - 9 & 3 & - 4 \end{array}]$

Step 7

Find the reduced row echelon form.

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Step 7.1

Multiply each element of $R_{1}$ by $\frac{1}{6}$ to make the entry at $1, 1$ a $1$ .

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Step 7.1.1

Multiply each element of $R_{1}$ by $\frac{1}{6}$ to make the entry at $1, 1$ a $1$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} \frac{6}{6} & \frac{3}{6} & \frac{5}{6} & \frac{- 1}{6} \\ 2 & - 6 & 8 & - 9 \\ 4 & - 9 & 3 & - 4 \end{array}]$

Step 7.1.2

Simplify $R_{1}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{5}{6} & - \frac{1}{6} \\ 2 & - 6 & 8 & - 9 \\ 4 & - 9 & 3 & - 4 \end{array}]$

Step 7.2

Perform the row operation $R_{2} = R_{2} - 2 R_{1}$ to make the entry at $2, 1$ a $0$ .

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Step 7.2.1

Perform the row operation $R_{2} = R_{2} - 2 R_{1}$ to make the entry at $2, 1$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{5}{6} & - \frac{1}{6} \\ 2 - 2 \cdot 1 & - 6 - 2 (\frac{1}{2}) & 8 - 2 (\frac{5}{6}) & - 9 - 2 (- \frac{1}{6}) \\ 4 & - 9 & 3 & - 4 \end{array}]$

Step 7.2.2

Simplify $R_{2}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{5}{6} & - \frac{1}{6} \\ 0 & - 7 & \frac{19}{3} & - \frac{26}{3} \\ 4 & - 9 & 3 & - 4 \end{array}]$

Step 7.3

Perform the row operation $R_{3} = R_{3} - 4 R_{1}$ to make the entry at $3, 1$ a $0$ .

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Step 7.3.1

Perform the row operation $R_{3} = R_{3} - 4 R_{1}$ to make the entry at $3, 1$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{5}{6} & - \frac{1}{6} \\ 0 & - 7 & \frac{19}{3} & - \frac{26}{3} \\ 4 - 4 \cdot 1 & - 9 - 4 (\frac{1}{2}) & 3 - 4 (\frac{5}{6}) & - 4 - 4 (- \frac{1}{6}) \end{array}]$

Step 7.3.2

Simplify $R_{3}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{5}{6} & - \frac{1}{6} \\ 0 & - 7 & \frac{19}{3} & - \frac{26}{3} \\ 0 & - 11 & - \frac{1}{3} & - \frac{10}{3} \end{array}]$

Step 7.4

Multiply each element of $R_{2}$ by $- \frac{1}{7}$ to make the entry at $2, 2$ a $1$ .

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Step 7.4.1

Multiply each element of $R_{2}$ by $- \frac{1}{7}$ to make the entry at $2, 2$ a $1$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{5}{6} & - \frac{1}{6} \\ - \frac{1}{7} \cdot 0 & - \frac{1}{7} \cdot - 7 & - \frac{1}{7} \cdot \frac{19}{3} & - \frac{1}{7} (- \frac{26}{3}) \\ 0 & - 11 & - \frac{1}{3} & - \frac{10}{3} \end{array}]$

Step 7.4.2

Simplify $R_{2}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{5}{6} & - \frac{1}{6} \\ 0 & 1 & - \frac{19}{21} & \frac{26}{21} \\ 0 & - 11 & - \frac{1}{3} & - \frac{10}{3} \end{array}]$

Step 7.5

Perform the row operation $R_{3} = R_{3} + 11 R_{2}$ to make the entry at $3, 2$ a $0$ .

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Step 7.5.1

Perform the row operation $R_{3} = R_{3} + 11 R_{2}$ to make the entry at $3, 2$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{5}{6} & - \frac{1}{6} \\ 0 & 1 & - \frac{19}{21} & \frac{26}{21} \\ 0 + 11 \cdot 0 & - 11 + 11 \cdot 1 & - \frac{1}{3} + 11 (- \frac{19}{21}) & - \frac{10}{3} + 11 (\frac{26}{21}) \end{array}]$

Step 7.5.2

Simplify $R_{3}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{5}{6} & - \frac{1}{6} \\ 0 & 1 & - \frac{19}{21} & \frac{26}{21} \\ 0 & 0 & - \frac{72}{7} & \frac{72}{7} \end{array}]$

Step 7.6

Multiply each element of $R_{3}$ by $- \frac{7}{72}$ to make the entry at $3, 3$ a $1$ .

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Step 7.6.1

Multiply each element of $R_{3}$ by $- \frac{7}{72}$ to make the entry at $3, 3$ a $1$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{5}{6} & - \frac{1}{6} \\ 0 & 1 & - \frac{19}{21} & \frac{26}{21} \\ - \frac{7}{72} \cdot 0 & - \frac{7}{72} \cdot 0 & - \frac{7}{72} (- \frac{72}{7}) & - \frac{7}{72} \cdot \frac{72}{7} \end{array}]$

Step 7.6.2

Simplify $R_{3}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{5}{6} & - \frac{1}{6} \\ 0 & 1 & - \frac{19}{21} & \frac{26}{21} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & - 1 \end{array}]$

Step 7.7

Perform the row operation $R_{2} = R_{2} + \frac{19}{21} R_{3}$ to make the entry at $2, 3$ a $0$ .

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Step 7.7.1

Perform the row operation $R_{2} = R_{2} + \frac{19}{21} R_{3}$ to make the entry at $2, 3$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{5}{6} & - \frac{1}{6} \\ 0 + \frac{19}{21} \cdot 0 & 1 + \frac{19}{21} \cdot 0 & - \frac{19}{21} + \frac{19}{21} \cdot 1 & \frac{26}{21} + \frac{19}{21} \cdot - 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & - 1 \end{array}]$

Step 7.7.2

Simplify $R_{2}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{5}{6} & - \frac{1}{6} \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & \frac{1}{3} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & - 1 \end{array}]$

Step 7.8

Perform the row operation $R_{1} = R_{1} - \frac{5}{6} R_{3}$ to make the entry at $1, 3$ a $0$ .

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Step 7.8.1

Perform the row operation $R_{1} = R_{1} - \frac{5}{6} R_{3}$ to make the entry at $1, 3$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 - \frac{5}{6} \cdot 0 & \frac{1}{2} - \frac{5}{6} \cdot 0 & \frac{5}{6} - \frac{5}{6} \cdot 1 & - \frac{1}{6} - \frac{5}{6} \cdot - 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & \frac{1}{3} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & - 1 \end{array}]$

Step 7.8.2

Simplify $R_{1}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & 0 & \frac{2}{3} \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & \frac{1}{3} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & - 1 \end{array}]$

Step 7.9

Perform the row operation $R_{1} = R_{1} - \frac{1}{2} R_{2}$ to make the entry at $1, 2$ a $0$ .

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Step 7.9.1

Perform the row operation $R_{1} = R_{1} - \frac{1}{2} R_{2}$ to make the entry at $1, 2$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 0 & \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 & 0 - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 0 & \frac{2}{3} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{3} \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & \frac{1}{3} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & - 1 \end{array}]$

Step 7.9.2

Simplify $R_{1}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{2} \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & \frac{1}{3} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & - 1 \end{array}]$

Step 8

Use the result matrix to declare the final solutions to the system of equations.

$x = \frac{1}{2}$

$y = \frac{1}{3}$

$z = - 1$

Step 9

The solution is the set of ordered pairs that makes the system true.

$(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{3}, - 1)$

Step 10

Decompose a solution vector by re-arranging each equation represented in the row-reduced form of the augmented matrix by solving for the dependent variable in each row yields the vector equality.

$X = [\begin{array}{c} x \\ y \\ z \end{array}] = [\begin{array}{c} \frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{1}{3} \\ - 1 \end{array}]$