Linear Algebra Examples

$x - z + 3 y = 4$ , $z = 3 y$ , $y - x = 5 z$

Step 1

Subtract $3 y$ from both sides of the equation.

$x - z + 3 y = 4, z - 3 y = 0, y - x = 5 z$

Step 2

Subtract $5 z$ from both sides of the equation.

$x - z + 3 y = 4, z - 3 y = 0, y - x - 5 z = 0$

Step 3

Write the system of equations in matrix form.

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 3 & - 1 & 4 \\ 0 & - 3 & 1 & 0 \\ - 1 & 1 & - 5 & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 4

Find the reduced row echelon form.

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.1

Perform the row operation $R_{3} = R_{3} + R_{1}$ to make the entry at $3, 1$ a $0$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.1.1

Perform the row operation $R_{3} = R_{3} + R_{1}$ to make the entry at $3, 1$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 3 & - 1 & 4 \\ 0 & - 3 & 1 & 0 \\ - 1 + 1 \cdot 1 & 1 + 1 \cdot 3 & - 5 - 1 & 0 + 1 \cdot 4 \end{array}]$

Step 4.1.2

Simplify $R_{3}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 3 & - 1 & 4 \\ 0 & - 3 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 4 & - 6 & 4 \end{array}]$

Step 4.2

Multiply each element of $R_{2}$ by $- \frac{1}{3}$ to make the entry at $2, 2$ a $1$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.2.1

Multiply each element of $R_{2}$ by $- \frac{1}{3}$ to make the entry at $2, 2$ a $1$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 3 & - 1 & 4 \\ - \frac{1}{3} \cdot 0 & - \frac{1}{3} \cdot - 3 & - \frac{1}{3} \cdot 1 & - \frac{1}{3} \cdot 0 \\ 0 & 4 & - 6 & 4 \end{array}]$

Step 4.2.2

Simplify $R_{2}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 3 & - 1 & 4 \\ 0 & 1 & - \frac{1}{3} & 0 \\ 0 & 4 & - 6 & 4 \end{array}]$

Step 4.3

Perform the row operation $R_{3} = R_{3} - 4 R_{2}$ to make the entry at $3, 2$ a $0$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.3.1

Perform the row operation $R_{3} = R_{3} - 4 R_{2}$ to make the entry at $3, 2$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 3 & - 1 & 4 \\ 0 & 1 & - \frac{1}{3} & 0 \\ 0 - 4 \cdot 0 & 4 - 4 \cdot 1 & - 6 - 4 (- \frac{1}{3}) & 4 - 4 \cdot 0 \end{array}]$

Step 4.3.2

Simplify $R_{3}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 3 & - 1 & 4 \\ 0 & 1 & - \frac{1}{3} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & - \frac{14}{3} & 4 \end{array}]$

Step 4.4

Multiply each element of $R_{3}$ by $- \frac{3}{14}$ to make the entry at $3, 3$ a $1$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.4.1

Multiply each element of $R_{3}$ by $- \frac{3}{14}$ to make the entry at $3, 3$ a $1$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 3 & - 1 & 4 \\ 0 & 1 & - \frac{1}{3} & 0 \\ - \frac{3}{14} \cdot 0 & - \frac{3}{14} \cdot 0 & - \frac{3}{14} (- \frac{14}{3}) & - \frac{3}{14} \cdot 4 \end{array}]$

Step 4.4.2

Simplify $R_{3}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 3 & - 1 & 4 \\ 0 & 1 & - \frac{1}{3} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & - \frac{6}{7} \end{array}]$

Step 4.5

Perform the row operation $R_{2} = R_{2} + \frac{1}{3} R_{3}$ to make the entry at $2, 3$ a $0$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.5.1

Perform the row operation $R_{2} = R_{2} + \frac{1}{3} R_{3}$ to make the entry at $2, 3$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 3 & - 1 & 4 \\ 0 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot 0 & 1 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot 0 & - \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{3} \cdot 1 & 0 + \frac{1}{3} (- \frac{6}{7}) \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & - \frac{6}{7} \end{array}]$

Step 4.5.2

Simplify $R_{2}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 3 & - 1 & 4 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & - \frac{2}{7} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & - \frac{6}{7} \end{array}]$

Step 4.6

Perform the row operation $R_{1} = R_{1} + R_{3}$ to make the entry at $1, 3$ a $0$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.6.1

Perform the row operation $R_{1} = R_{1} + R_{3}$ to make the entry at $1, 3$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 + 0 & 3 + 0 & - 1 + 1 \cdot 1 & 4 - \frac{6}{7} \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & - \frac{2}{7} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & - \frac{6}{7} \end{array}]$

Step 4.6.2

Simplify $R_{1}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 3 & 0 & \frac{22}{7} \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & - \frac{2}{7} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & - \frac{6}{7} \end{array}]$

Step 4.7

Perform the row operation $R_{1} = R_{1} - 3 R_{2}$ to make the entry at $1, 2$ a $0$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.7.1

Perform the row operation $R_{1} = R_{1} - 3 R_{2}$ to make the entry at $1, 2$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 - 3 \cdot 0 & 3 - 3 \cdot 1 & 0 - 3 \cdot 0 & \frac{22}{7} - 3 (- \frac{2}{7}) \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & - \frac{2}{7} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & - \frac{6}{7} \end{array}]$

Step 4.7.2

Simplify $R_{1}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 0 & 0 & 4 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & - \frac{2}{7} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & - \frac{6}{7} \end{array}]$

Step 5

Use the result matrix to declare the final solutions to the system of equations.

$x = 4$

$y = - \frac{2}{7}$

$z = - \frac{6}{7}$

Step 6

The solution is the set of ordered pairs that makes the system true.

$(4, - \frac{2}{7}, - \frac{6}{7})$

Step 7

Decompose a solution vector by re-arranging each equation represented in the row-reduced form of the augmented matrix by solving for the dependent variable in each row yields the vector equality.

$X = [\begin{array}{c} x \\ y \\ z \end{array}] = [\begin{array}{c} 4 \\ - \frac{2}{7} \\ - \frac{6}{7} \end{array}]$