Finite Math Examples

{(3 x - 2)}^{5}

${(3 x - 2)}^{5}$

Step 1

Pascal's Triangle can be displayed as such:

1

$1$

1 - 1

$1 - 1$

1 - 2 - 1

$1 - 2 - 1$

1 - 3 - 3 - 1

$1 - 3 - 3 - 1$

1 - 4 - 6 - 4 - 1

$1 - 4 - 6 - 4 - 1$

1 - 5 - 10 - 10 - 5 - 1

$1 - 5 - 10 - 10 - 5 - 1$

The triangle can be used to calculate the coefficients of the expansion of

{(a + b)}^{n}

${(a + b)}^{n}$ by taking the exponent

n

$n$ and adding

1

$1$ . The coefficients will correspond with line

n + 1

$n + 1$ of the triangle. For

{(3 x - 2)}^{5}

${(3 x - 2)}^{5}$ ,

n = 5

$n = 5$ so the coefficients of the expansion will correspond with line

6

$6$ .

Step 2

The expansion follows the rule

{(a + b)}^{n} = c_{0} a^{n} b^{0} + c_{1} a^{n - 1} b^{1} + c_{n - 1} a^{1} b^{n - 1} + c_{n} a^{0} b^{n}

${(a + b)}^{n} = c_{0} a^{n} b^{0} + c_{1} a^{n - 1} b^{1} + c_{n - 1} a^{1} b^{n - 1} + c_{n} a^{0} b^{n}$ . The values of the coefficients, from the triangle, are

1 - 5 - 10 - 10 - 5 - 1

$1 - 5 - 10 - 10 - 5 - 1$ .

1 a^{5} b^{0} + 5 a^{4} b + 10 a^{3} b^{2} + 10 a^{2} b^{3} + 5 a b^{4} + 1 a^{0} b^{5}

$1 a^{5} b^{0} + 5 a^{4} b + 10 a^{3} b^{2} + 10 a^{2} b^{3} + 5 a b^{4} + 1 a^{0} b^{5}$

Step 3

Substitute the actual values of

a

$a$

3 x

$3 x$ and

b

$b$

- 2

$- 2$ into the expression.

1 {(3 x)}^{5} {(- 2)}^{0} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$1 {(3 x)}^{5} {(- 2)}^{0} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.1

Multiply

{(3 x)}^{5}

${(3 x)}^{5}$ by

1

$1$ .

{(3 x)}^{5} {(- 2)}^{0} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

${(3 x)}^{5} {(- 2)}^{0} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.2

Apply the product rule to

3 x

$3 x$ .

3^{5} x^{5} {(- 2)}^{0} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$3^{5} x^{5} {(- 2)}^{0} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.3

Raise

3

$3$ to the power of

5

$5$ .

243 x^{5} {(- 2)}^{0} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} {(- 2)}^{0} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.4

Anything raised to

0

$0$ is

1

$1$ .

243 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} \cdot 1 + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.5

Multiply

243

$243$ by

1

$1$ .

243 x^{5} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} + 5 {(3 x)}^{4} {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.6

Apply the product rule to

3 x

$3 x$ .

243 x^{5} + 5 (3^{4} x^{4}) {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} + 5 (3^{4} x^{4}) {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.7

Raise

3

$3$ to the power of

4

$4$ .

243 x^{5} + 5 (81 x^{4}) {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} + 5 (81 x^{4}) {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.8

Multiply

81

$81$ by

5

$5$ .

243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} {(- 2)}^{1} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.9

Evaluate the exponent.

243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} \cdot - 2 + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} + 405 x^{4} \cdot - 2 + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.10

Multiply

- 2

$- 2$ by

405

$405$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 10 {(3 x)}^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.11

Apply the product rule to

3 x

$3 x$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 10 (3^{3} x^{3}) {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 10 (3^{3} x^{3}) {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.12

Raise

3

$3$ to the power of

3

$3$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 10 (27 x^{3}) {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 10 (27 x^{3}) {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.13

Multiply

27

$27$ by

10

$10$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 270 x^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 270 x^{3} {(- 2)}^{2} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.14

Raise

- 2

$- 2$ to the power of

2

$2$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 270 x^{3} \cdot 4 + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 270 x^{3} \cdot 4 + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.15

Multiply

4

$4$ by

270

$270$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} + 10 {(3 x)}^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.16

Apply the product rule to

3 x

$3 x$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} + 10 (3^{2} x^{2}) {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} + 10 (3^{2} x^{2}) {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.17

Raise

3

$3$ to the power of

2

$2$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} + 10 (9 x^{2}) {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} + 10 (9 x^{2}) {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.18

Multiply

9

$9$ by

10

$10$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} + 90 x^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} + 90 x^{2} {(- 2)}^{3} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.19

Raise

- 2

$- 2$ to the power of

3

$3$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} + 90 x^{2} \cdot - 8 + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} + 90 x^{2} \cdot - 8 + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.20

Multiply

- 8

$- 8$ by

90

$90$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 5 {(3 x)}^{1} {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.21

Simplify.

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 5 (3 x) {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 5 (3 x) {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.22

Multiply

3

$3$ by

5

$5$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 15 x {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 15 x {(- 2)}^{4} + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.23

Raise

- 2

$- 2$ to the power of

4

$4$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 15 x \cdot 16 + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 15 x \cdot 16 + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.24

Multiply

16

$16$ by

15

$15$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x + 1 {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.25

Multiply

{(3 x)}^{0}

${(3 x)}^{0}$ by

1

$1$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x + {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x + {(3 x)}^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.26

Apply the product rule to

3 x

$3 x$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x + 3^{0} x^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x + 3^{0} x^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.27

Anything raised to

0

$0$ is

1

$1$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x + 1 x^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x + 1 x^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.28

Multiply

x^{0}

$x^{0}$ by

1

$1$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x + x^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x + x^{0} {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.29

Anything raised to

0

$0$ is

1

$1$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x + 1 {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x + 1 {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.30

Multiply

{(- 2)}^{5}

${(- 2)}^{5}$ by

1

$1$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x + {(- 2)}^{5}

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x + {(- 2)}^{5}$

Step 4.31

Raise

- 2

$- 2$ to the power of

5

$5$ .

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x - 32

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x - 32$

243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x - 32

$243 x^{5} - 810 x^{4} + 1080 x^{3} - 720 x^{2} + 240 x - 32$