Finite Math Examples

$(x - i) (x + 1) (x - 2 i) (x + 2 i)$

Step 1

Expand $(x - i) (x + 1)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 1.1

Apply the distributive property.

$(x (x + 1) - i (x + 1)) (x - 2 i) (x + 2 i)$

Step 1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$(x \cdot x + x \cdot 1 - i (x + 1)) (x - 2 i) (x + 2 i)$

Step 1.3

Apply the distributive property.

$(x \cdot x + x \cdot 1 - i x - i \cdot 1) (x - 2 i) (x + 2 i)$

Step 2

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$(x^{2} + x \cdot 1 - i x - i \cdot 1) (x - 2 i) (x + 2 i)$

Step 2.2

Multiply $x$ by $1$ .

$(x^{2} + x - i x - i \cdot 1) (x - 2 i) (x + 2 i)$

Step 2.3

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$(x^{2} + x - i x - i) (x - 2 i) (x + 2 i)$

Step 3

Expand $(x^{2} + x - i x - i) (x - 2 i)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$(x^{2} x + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x \cdot x + x (- 2 i) - i x \cdot x - i x (- 2 i) - i x - i (- 2 i)) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4

Simplify terms.

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Step 4.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.1.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.1.1.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ .

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Step 4.1.1.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$(x^{2} x^{1} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x \cdot x + x (- 2 i) - i x \cdot x - i x (- 2 i) - i x - i (- 2 i)) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.1.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(x^{2 + 1} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x \cdot x + x (- 2 i) - i x \cdot x - i x (- 2 i) - i x - i (- 2 i)) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.1.2

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x \cdot x + x (- 2 i) - i x \cdot x - i x (- 2 i) - i x - i (- 2 i)) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i x \cdot x - i x (- 2 i) - i x - i (- 2 i)) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.3

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.1.3.1

Move $x$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i (x \cdot x) - i x (- 2 i) - i x - i (- 2 i)) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.3.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i x^{2} - i x (- 2 i) - i x - i (- 2 i)) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.4

Multiply $- i x (- 2 i)$ .

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Step 4.1.4.1

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 1$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i x^{2} + 2 i x i - i x - i (- 2 i)) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.4.2

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i x^{2} + 2 x (i^{1} i) - i x - i (- 2 i)) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.4.3

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i x^{2} + 2 x (i^{1} i^{1}) - i x - i (- 2 i)) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.4.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i x^{2} + 2 x i^{1 + 1} - i x - i (- 2 i)) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.4.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i x^{2} + 2 x i^{2} - i x - i (- 2 i)) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.5

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i x^{2} + 2 x \cdot - 1 - i x - i (- 2 i)) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.6

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i x^{2} - 2 x - i x - i (- 2 i)) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.7

Multiply $- i (- 2 i)$ .

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Step 4.1.7.1

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 1$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i x^{2} - 2 x - i x + 2 i i) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.7.2

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i x^{2} - 2 x - i x + 2 (i^{1} i)) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.7.3

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i x^{2} - 2 x - i x + 2 (i^{1} i^{1})) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.7.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i x^{2} - 2 x - i x + 2 i^{1 + 1}) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.7.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i x^{2} - 2 x - i x + 2 i^{2}) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.8

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i x^{2} - 2 x - i x + 2 \cdot - 1) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.1.9

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} (- 2 i) + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - i x^{2} - 2 x - i x - 2) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.2

Move $i$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - 2 \cdot x^{2} i - 1 x^{2} i - 2 x - i x - 2) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.3

Rewrite $- 1 x^{2}$ as $- x^{2}$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} + x (- 2 i) - 2 x^{2} i - x^{2} i - 2 x - i x - 2) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.4

Move $i$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} - 2 \cdot x i - 1 x i - 2 x^{2} i - x^{2} i - 2 x - 2) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.5

Rewrite $- 1 x$ as $- x$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} - 2 x i - x i - 2 x^{2} i - x^{2} i - 2 x - 2) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.6

Simplify by adding terms.

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Step 4.6.1

Subtract $x i$ from $- 2 x i$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} - 3 x i - 2 x^{2} i - x^{2} i - 2 x - 2) (x + 2 i)$

Step 4.6.2

Subtract $x^{2} i$ from $- 2 x^{2} i$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} - 3 x i - 3 x^{2} i - 2 x - 2) (x + 2 i)$

Step 5

Expand $(x^{3} + x^{2} - 3 x i - 3 x^{2} i - 2 x - 2) (x + 2 i)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$x^{3} x + x^{3} (2 i) + x^{2} x + x^{2} (2 i) - 3 x i x - 3 x i (2 i) - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6

Simplify terms.

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Step 6.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 6.1.1

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 6.1.1.1

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x$ .

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Step 6.1.1.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{3} x^{1} + x^{3} (2 i) + x^{2} x + x^{2} (2 i) - 3 x i x - 3 x i (2 i) - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.1.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{3 + 1} + x^{3} (2 i) + x^{2} x + x^{2} (2 i) - 3 x i x - 3 x i (2 i) - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.1.2

Add $3$ and $1$ .

$x^{4} + x^{3} (2 i) + x^{2} x + x^{2} (2 i) - 3 x i x - 3 x i (2 i) - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.2

Move $2$ to the left of $x^{3}$ .

$x^{4} + 2 \cdot x^{3} i + x^{2} x + x^{2} (2 i) - 3 x i x - 3 x i (2 i) - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.3

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 6.1.3.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ .

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Step 6.1.3.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{2} x^{1} + x^{2} (2 i) - 3 x i x - 3 x i (2 i) - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.3.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{2 + 1} + x^{2} (2 i) - 3 x i x - 3 x i (2 i) - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.3.2

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + x^{2} (2 i) - 3 x i x - 3 x i (2 i) - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.4

Move $2$ to the left of $x^{2}$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 \cdot x^{2} i - 3 x i x - 3 x i (2 i) - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.5

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 6.1.5.1

Move $x$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 (x \cdot x) i - 3 x i (2 i) - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.5.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i - 3 x i (2 i) - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.6

Multiply $- 3 x i (2 i)$ .

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Step 6.1.6.1

Multiply $2$ by $- 3$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i - 6 x i i - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.6.2

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i - 6 x (i^{1} i) - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.6.3

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i - 6 x (i^{1} i^{1}) - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.6.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i - 6 x i^{1 + 1} - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.6.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i - 6 x i^{2} - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.7

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i - 6 x \cdot - 1 - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.8

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 6$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x - 3 x^{2} i x - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.9

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 6.1.9.1

Move $x$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x - 3 (x \cdot x^{2}) i - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.9.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 6.1.9.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x - 3 (x^{1} x^{2}) i - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.9.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x - 3 x^{1 + 2} i - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.9.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x - 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{2} i (2 i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.10

Multiply $- 3 x^{2} i (2 i)$ .

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Step 6.1.10.1

Multiply $2$ by $- 3$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x - 3 x^{3} i - 6 x^{2} i i - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.10.2

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x - 3 x^{3} i - 6 x^{2} (i^{1} i) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.10.3

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x - 3 x^{3} i - 6 x^{2} (i^{1} i^{1}) - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.10.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x - 3 x^{3} i - 6 x^{2} i^{1 + 1} - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.10.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x - 3 x^{3} i - 6 x^{2} i^{2} - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.11

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x - 3 x^{3} i - 6 x^{2} \cdot - 1 - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.12

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 6$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x - 3 x^{3} i + 6 x^{2} - 2 x \cdot x - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.13

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 6.1.13.1

Move $x$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x - 3 x^{3} i + 6 x^{2} - 2 (x \cdot x) - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.13.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x - 3 x^{3} i + 6 x^{2} - 2 x^{2} - 2 x (2 i) - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.14

Multiply $2$ by $- 2$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x - 3 x^{3} i + 6 x^{2} - 2 x^{2} - 4 x i - 2 x - 2 (2 i)$

Step 6.1.15

Multiply $2$ by $- 2$ .

$x^{4} + 2 x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x - 3 x^{3} i + 6 x^{2} - 2 x^{2} - 4 x i - 2 x - 4 i$

Step 6.2

Simplify by adding terms.

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Step 6.2.1

Subtract $3 x^{3} i$ from $2 x^{3} i$ .

$x^{4} - x^{3} i + x^{3} + 2 x^{2} i - 3 x^{2} i + 6 x + 6 x^{2} - 2 x^{2} - 4 x i - 2 x - 4 i$

Step 6.2.2

Subtract $3 x^{2} i$ from $2 x^{2} i$ .

$x^{4} - x^{3} i + x^{3} - x^{2} i + 6 x + 6 x^{2} - 2 x^{2} - 4 x i - 2 x - 4 i$

Step 6.2.3

Subtract $2 x$ from $6 x$ .

$x^{4} - x^{3} i + x^{3} - x^{2} i + 6 x^{2} - 2 x^{2} - 4 x i + 4 x - 4 i$

Step 6.2.4

Subtract $2 x^{2}$ from $6 x^{2}$ .

$x^{4} - x^{3} i + x^{3} - x^{2} i + 4 x^{2} - 4 x i + 4 x - 4 i$