Calculus Examples

$\int_{0}^{2} (2 x - 3) (4 x^{2} + 1) d x$

Step 1

Simplify.

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Step 1.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\int_{0}^{2} 2 x (4 x^{2} + 1) - 3 (4 x^{2} + 1) d x$

Step 1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\int_{0}^{2} 2 x (4 x^{2}) + 2 x \cdot 1 - 3 (4 x^{2} + 1) d x$

Step 1.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\int_{0}^{2} 2 x (4 x^{2}) + 2 x \cdot 1 - 3 (4 x^{2}) - 3 \cdot 1 d x$

Step 1.4

Move $x$ .

$\int_{0}^{2} 2 \cdot 4 x \cdot x^{2} + 2 x \cdot 1 - 3 (4 x^{2}) - 3 \cdot 1 d x$

Step 1.5

Move $x$ .

$\int_{0}^{2} 2 \cdot 4 x \cdot x^{2} + 2 \cdot 1 x - 3 (4 x^{2}) - 3 \cdot 1 d x$

Step 1.6

Multiply $2$ by $4$ .

$\int_{0}^{2} 8 x \cdot x^{2} + 2 \cdot 1 x - 3 \cdot 4 x^{2} - 3 \cdot 1 d x$

Step 1.7

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\int_{0}^{2} 8 (x^{1} x^{2}) + 2 \cdot 1 x - 3 \cdot 4 x^{2} - 3 \cdot 1 d x$

Step 1.8

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\int_{0}^{2} 8 x^{1 + 2} + 2 \cdot 1 x - 3 \cdot 4 x^{2} - 3 \cdot 1 d x$

Step 1.9

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\int_{0}^{2} 8 x^{3} + 2 \cdot 1 x - 3 \cdot 4 x^{2} - 3 \cdot 1 d x$

Step 1.10

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$\int_{0}^{2} 8 x^{3} + 2 x - 3 \cdot 4 x^{2} - 3 \cdot 1 d x$

Step 1.11

Multiply $- 3$ by $4$ .

$\int_{0}^{2} 8 x^{3} + 2 x - 12 x^{2} - 3 \cdot 1 d x$

Step 1.12

Multiply $- 3$ by $1$ .

$\int_{0}^{2} 8 x^{3} + 2 x - 12 x^{2} - 3 d x$

Step 1.13

Move $2 x$ .

$\int_{0}^{2} 8 x^{3} - 12 x^{2} + 2 x - 3 d x$

Step 2

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$\int_{0}^{2} 8 x^{3} d x + \int_{0}^{2} - 12 x^{2} d x + \int_{0}^{2} 2 x d x + \int_{0}^{2} - 3 d x$

Step 3

Since $8$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $8$ out of the integral.

$8 \int_{0}^{2} x^{3} d x + \int_{0}^{2} - 12 x^{2} d x + \int_{0}^{2} 2 x d x + \int_{0}^{2} - 3 d x$

Step 4

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{4} x^{4}$ .

$8 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4}]_{0}^{2}) + \int_{0}^{2} - 12 x^{2} d x + \int_{0}^{2} 2 x d x + \int_{0}^{2} - 3 d x$

Step 5

Combine $\frac{1}{4}$ and $x^{4}$ .

$8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{0}^{2}) + \int_{0}^{2} - 12 x^{2} d x + \int_{0}^{2} 2 x d x + \int_{0}^{2} - 3 d x$

Step 6

Since $- 12$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 12$ out of the integral.

$8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{0}^{2}) - 12 \int_{0}^{2} x^{2} d x + \int_{0}^{2} 2 x d x + \int_{0}^{2} - 3 d x$

Step 7

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} x^{3}$ .

$8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{0}^{2}) - 12 (\frac{1}{3} x^{3}]_{0}^{2}) + \int_{0}^{2} 2 x d x + \int_{0}^{2} - 3 d x$

Step 8

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $x^{3}$ .

$8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{0}^{2}) - 12 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{2}) + \int_{0}^{2} 2 x d x + \int_{0}^{2} - 3 d x$

Step 9

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $2$ out of the integral.

$8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{0}^{2}) - 12 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{2}) + 2 \int_{0}^{2} x d x + \int_{0}^{2} - 3 d x$

Step 10

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{2} x^{2}$ .

$8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{0}^{2}) - 12 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{2}) + 2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{2}]_{0}^{2}) + \int_{0}^{2} - 3 d x$

Step 11

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{0}^{2}) - 12 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{2}) + 2 (\frac{x^{2}}{2}]_{0}^{2}) + \int_{0}^{2} - 3 d x$

Step 12

Apply the constant rule.

$8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{0}^{2}) - 12 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{2}) + 2 (\frac{x^{2}}{2}]_{0}^{2}) + - 3 x]_{0}^{2}$

Step 13

Substitute and simplify.

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Step 13.1

Evaluate $\frac{x^{4}}{4}$ at $2$ and at $0$ .

$8 ((\frac{2^{4}}{4}) - \frac{0^{4}}{4}) - 12 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{0}^{2}) + 2 (\frac{x^{2}}{2}]_{0}^{2}) + - 3 x]_{0}^{2}$

Step 13.2

Evaluate $\frac{x^{3}}{3}$ at $2$ and at $0$ .

$8 (\frac{2^{4}}{4} - \frac{0^{4}}{4}) - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{x^{2}}{2}]_{0}^{2}) + - 3 x]_{0}^{2}$

Step 13.3

Evaluate $\frac{x^{2}}{2}$ at $2$ and at $0$ .

$8 (\frac{2^{4}}{4} - \frac{0^{4}}{4}) - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 ((\frac{2^{2}}{2}) - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) + - 3 x]_{0}^{2}$

Step 13.4

Evaluate $- 3 x$ at $2$ and at $0$ .

$8 (\frac{2^{4}}{4} - \frac{0^{4}}{4}) - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) + - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5

Simplify.

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Step 13.5.1

Raise $2$ to the power of $4$ .

$8 (\frac{16}{4} - \frac{0^{4}}{4}) - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.2

Cancel the common factor of $16$ and $4$ .

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Step 13.5.2.1

Factor $4$ out of $16$ .

$8 (\frac{4 \cdot 4}{4} - \frac{0^{4}}{4}) - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.2.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 13.5.2.2.1

Factor $4$ out of $4$ .

$8 (\frac{4 \cdot 4}{4 (1)} - \frac{0^{4}}{4}) - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.2.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$8 (\frac{4 \cdot 4}{4 \cdot 1} - \frac{0^{4}}{4}) - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.2.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$8 (\frac{4}{1} - \frac{0^{4}}{4}) - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.2.2.4

Divide $4$ by $1$ .

$8 (4 - \frac{0^{4}}{4}) - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.3

Raising $0$ to any positive power yields $0$ .

$8 (4 - \frac{0}{4}) - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.4

Cancel the common factor of $0$ and $4$ .

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Step 13.5.4.1

Factor $4$ out of $0$ .

$8 (4 - \frac{4 (0)}{4}) - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.4.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 13.5.4.2.1

Factor $4$ out of $4$ .

$8 (4 - \frac{4 \cdot 0}{4 \cdot 1}) - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.4.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$8 (4 - \frac{4 \cdot 0}{4 \cdot 1}) - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.4.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$8 (4 - \frac{0}{1}) - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.4.2.4

Divide $0$ by $1$ .

$8 (4 - 0) - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.5

Multiply $- 1$ by $0$ .

$8 (4 + 0) - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.6

Add $4$ and $0$ .

$8 \cdot 4 - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.7

Multiply $8$ by $4$ .

$32 - 12 (\frac{2^{3}}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.8

Raise $2$ to the power of $3$ .

$32 - 12 (\frac{8}{3} - \frac{0^{3}}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.9

Raising $0$ to any positive power yields $0$ .

$32 - 12 (\frac{8}{3} - \frac{0}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.10

Cancel the common factor of $0$ and $3$ .

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Step 13.5.10.1

Factor $3$ out of $0$ .

$32 - 12 (\frac{8}{3} - \frac{3 (0)}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.10.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 13.5.10.2.1

Factor $3$ out of $3$ .

$32 - 12 (\frac{8}{3} - \frac{3 \cdot 0}{3 \cdot 1}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.10.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$32 - 12 (\frac{8}{3} - \frac{3 \cdot 0}{3 \cdot 1}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.10.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$32 - 12 (\frac{8}{3} - \frac{0}{1}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.10.2.4

Divide $0$ by $1$ .

$32 - 12 (\frac{8}{3} - 0) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.11

Multiply $- 1$ by $0$ .

$32 - 12 (\frac{8}{3} + 0) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.12

Add $\frac{8}{3}$ and $0$ .

$32 - 12 (\frac{8}{3}) + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.13

Combine $- 12$ and $\frac{8}{3}$ .

$32 + \frac{- 12 \cdot 8}{3} + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.14

Multiply $- 12$ by $8$ .

$32 + \frac{- 96}{3} + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.15

Cancel the common factor of $- 96$ and $3$ .

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Step 13.5.15.1

Factor $3$ out of $- 96$ .

$32 + \frac{3 \cdot - 32}{3} + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.15.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 13.5.15.2.1

Factor $3$ out of $3$ .

$32 + \frac{3 \cdot - 32}{3 (1)} + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.15.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$32 + \frac{3 \cdot - 32}{3 \cdot 1} + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.15.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$32 + \frac{- 32}{1} + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.15.2.4

Divide $- 32$ by $1$ .

$32 - 32 + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.16

Subtract $32$ from $32$ .

$0 + 2 (\frac{2^{2}}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.17

Raise $2$ to the power of $2$ .

$0 + 2 (\frac{4}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.18

Cancel the common factor of $4$ and $2$ .

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Step 13.5.18.1

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$0 + 2 (\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.18.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 13.5.18.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$0 + 2 (\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 (1)} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.18.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$0 + 2 (\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 \cdot 1} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.18.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$0 + 2 (\frac{2}{1} - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.18.2.4

Divide $2$ by $1$ .

$0 + 2 (2 - \frac{0^{2}}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.19

Raising $0$ to any positive power yields $0$ .

$0 + 2 (2 - \frac{0}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.20

Cancel the common factor of $0$ and $2$ .

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Step 13.5.20.1

Factor $2$ out of $0$ .

$0 + 2 (2 - \frac{2 (0)}{2}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.20.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 13.5.20.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$0 + 2 (2 - \frac{2 \cdot 0}{2 \cdot 1}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.20.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$0 + 2 (2 - \frac{2 \cdot 0}{2 \cdot 1}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.20.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$0 + 2 (2 - \frac{0}{1}) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.20.2.4

Divide $0$ by $1$ .

$0 + 2 (2 - 0) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.21

Multiply $- 1$ by $0$ .

$0 + 2 (2 + 0) - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.22

Add $2$ and $0$ .

$0 + 2 \cdot 2 - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.23

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$0 + 4 - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.24

Add $0$ and $4$ .

$4 - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.25

Multiply $- 3$ by $2$ .

$4 - 6 + 3 \cdot 0$

Step 13.5.26

Multiply $3$ by $0$ .

$4 - 6 + 0$

Step 13.5.27

Add $- 6$ and $0$ .

$4 - 6$

Step 13.5.28

Subtract $6$ from $4$ .

$- 2$

Step 14