Calculus Examples

$- \csc^{2} (\frac{π}{3})$

Step 1

The exact value of $\csc (\frac{π}{3})$ is $\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}$ .

$- {(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}})}^{2}$

Step 2

Multiply $\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}}$ .

$- {(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}})}^{2}$

Step 3

Combine and simplify the denominator.

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Step 3.1

Multiply $\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}}$ .

$- {(\frac{2 \sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3} \sqrt{3}})}^{2}$

Step 3.2

Raise $\sqrt{3}$ to the power of $1$ .

$- {(\frac{2 \sqrt{3}}{{\sqrt{3}}^{1} \sqrt{3}})}^{2}$

Step 3.3

Raise $\sqrt{3}$ to the power of $1$ .

$- {(\frac{2 \sqrt{3}}{{\sqrt{3}}^{1} {\sqrt{3}}^{1}})}^{2}$

Step 3.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$- {(\frac{2 \sqrt{3}}{{\sqrt{3}}^{1 + 1}})}^{2}$

Step 3.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$- {(\frac{2 \sqrt{3}}{{\sqrt{3}}^{2}})}^{2}$

Step 3.6

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{2}$ as $3$ .

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Step 3.6.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3}$ as $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$- {(\frac{2 \sqrt{3}}{{(3^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}})}^{2}$

Step 3.6.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$- {(\frac{2 \sqrt{3}}{3^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}})}^{2}$

Step 3.6.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$- {(\frac{2 \sqrt{3}}{3^{\frac{2}{2}}})}^{2}$

Step 3.6.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 3.6.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$- {(\frac{2 \sqrt{3}}{3^{\frac{2}{2}}})}^{2}$

Step 3.6.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$- {(\frac{2 \sqrt{3}}{3^{1}})}^{2}$

Step 3.6.5

Evaluate the exponent.

$- {(\frac{2 \sqrt{3}}{3})}^{2}$

Step 4

Use the power rule ${(a b)}^{n} = a^{n} b^{n}$ to distribute the exponent.

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Step 4.1

Apply the product rule to $\frac{2 \sqrt{3}}{3}$ .

$- \frac{{(2 \sqrt{3})}^{2}}{3^{2}}$

Step 4.2

Apply the product rule to $2 \sqrt{3}$ .

$- \frac{2^{2} {\sqrt{3}}^{2}}{3^{2}}$

Step 5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 5.1

Raise $2$ to the power of $2$ .

$- \frac{4 {\sqrt{3}}^{2}}{3^{2}}$

Step 5.2

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{2}$ as $3$ .

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Step 5.2.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3}$ as $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$- \frac{4 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}{3^{2}}$

Step 5.2.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$- \frac{4 \cdot 3^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}{3^{2}}$

Step 5.2.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$- \frac{4 \cdot 3^{\frac{2}{2}}}{3^{2}}$

Step 5.2.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 5.2.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$- \frac{4 \cdot 3^{\frac{2}{2}}}{3^{2}}$

Step 5.2.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$- \frac{4 \cdot 3^{1}}{3^{2}}$

Step 5.2.5

Evaluate the exponent.

$- \frac{4 \cdot 3}{3^{2}}$

Step 6

Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.

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Step 6.1

Raise $3$ to the power of $2$ .

$- \frac{4 \cdot 3}{9}$

Step 6.2

Multiply $4$ by $3$ .

$- \frac{12}{9}$

Step 6.3

Cancel the common factor of $12$ and $9$ .

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Step 6.3.1

Factor $3$ out of $12$ .

$- \frac{3 (4)}{9}$

Step 6.3.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 6.3.2.1

Factor $3$ out of $9$ .

$- \frac{3 \cdot 4}{3 \cdot 3}$

Step 6.3.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$- \frac{3 \cdot 4}{3 \cdot 3}$

Step 6.3.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$- \frac{4}{3}$

Step 7

The result can be shown in multiple forms.

Exact Form:

$- \frac{4}{3}$

Decimal Form:

$- 1.\overline{3}$

Mixed Number Form:

$- 1 \frac{1}{3}$