Calculus Examples

$y = - 5 t^{3} + 4 t^{2} - 3 t + 6$

Step 1

Consider the limit definition of the derivative.

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f (t + h) - f t}{h}$

Step 2

Find the components of the definition.

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Step 2.1

Evaluate the function at $x = t + h$ .

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Step 2.1.1

Replace the variable $t$ with $t + h$ in the expression.

$f (t + h) = - 5 {(t + h)}^{3} + 4 {(t + h)}^{2} - 3 (t + h) + 6$

Step 2.1.2

Simplify the result.

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Step 2.1.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.1.2.1.1

Use the Binomial Theorem.

$f (t + h) = - 5 (t^{3} + 3 t^{2} h + 3 t h^{2} + h^{3}) + 4 {(t + h)}^{2} - 3 (t + h) + 6$

Step 2.1.2.1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$f (t + h) = - 5 t^{3} - 5 (3 t^{2} h) - 5 (3 t h^{2}) - 5 h^{3} + 4 {(t + h)}^{2} - 3 (t + h) + 6$

Step 2.1.2.1.3

Simplify.

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Step 2.1.2.1.3.1

Multiply $3$ by $- 5$ .

$f (t + h) = - 5 t^{3} - 15 (t^{2} h) - 5 (3 t h^{2}) - 5 h^{3} + 4 {(t + h)}^{2} - 3 (t + h) + 6$

Step 2.1.2.1.3.2

Multiply $3$ by $- 5$ .

$f (t + h) = - 5 t^{3} - 15 (t^{2} h) - 15 (t h^{2}) - 5 h^{3} + 4 {(t + h)}^{2} - 3 (t + h) + 6$

Step 2.1.2.1.4

Remove parentheses.

$f (t + h) = - 5 t^{3} - 15 t^{2} h - 15 t h^{2} - 5 h^{3} + 4 {(t + h)}^{2} - 3 (t + h) + 6$

Step 2.1.2.1.5

Rewrite ${(t + h)}^{2}$ as $(t + h) (t + h)$ .

$f (t + h) = - 5 t^{3} - 15 t^{2} h - 15 t h^{2} - 5 h^{3} + 4 ((t + h) (t + h)) - 3 (t + h) + 6$

Step 2.1.2.1.6

Expand $(t + h) (t + h)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.1.2.1.6.1

Apply the distributive property.

$f (t + h) = - 5 t^{3} - 15 t^{2} h - 15 t h^{2} - 5 h^{3} + 4 (t (t + h) + h (t + h)) - 3 (t + h) + 6$

Step 2.1.2.1.6.2

Apply the distributive property.

$f (t + h) = - 5 t^{3} - 15 t^{2} h - 15 t h^{2} - 5 h^{3} + 4 (t \cdot t + t h + h (t + h)) - 3 (t + h) + 6$

Step 2.1.2.1.6.3

Apply the distributive property.

$f (t + h) = - 5 t^{3} - 15 t^{2} h - 15 t h^{2} - 5 h^{3} + 4 (t \cdot t + t h + h t + h \cdot h) - 3 (t + h) + 6$

Step 2.1.2.1.7

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.1.2.1.7.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.1.2.1.7.1.1

Multiply $t$ by $t$ .

$f (t + h) = - 5 t^{3} - 15 t^{2} h - 15 t h^{2} - 5 h^{3} + 4 (t^{2} + t h + h t + h \cdot h) - 3 (t + h) + 6$

Step 2.1.2.1.7.1.2

Multiply $h$ by $h$ .

$f (t + h) = - 5 t^{3} - 15 t^{2} h - 15 t h^{2} - 5 h^{3} + 4 (t^{2} + t h + h t + h^{2}) - 3 (t + h) + 6$

Step 2.1.2.1.7.2

Add $t h$ and $h t$ .

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Step 2.1.2.1.7.2.1

Reorder $t$ and $h$ .

$f (t + h) = - 5 t^{3} - 15 t^{2} h - 15 t h^{2} - 5 h^{3} + 4 (t^{2} + h t + h t + h^{2}) - 3 (t + h) + 6$

Step 2.1.2.1.7.2.2

Add $h t$ and $h t$ .

$f (t + h) = - 5 t^{3} - 15 t^{2} h - 15 t h^{2} - 5 h^{3} + 4 (t^{2} + 2 h t + h^{2}) - 3 (t + h) + 6$

Step 2.1.2.1.8

Apply the distributive property.

$f (t + h) = - 5 t^{3} - 15 t^{2} h - 15 t h^{2} - 5 h^{3} + 4 t^{2} + 4 (2 h t) + 4 h^{2} - 3 (t + h) + 6$

Step 2.1.2.1.9

Multiply $2$ by $4$ .

$f (t + h) = - 5 t^{3} - 15 t^{2} h - 15 t h^{2} - 5 h^{3} + 4 t^{2} + 8 (h t) + 4 h^{2} - 3 (t + h) + 6$

Step 2.1.2.1.10

Apply the distributive property.

$f (t + h) = - 5 t^{3} - 15 t^{2} h - 15 t h^{2} - 5 h^{3} + 4 t^{2} + 8 h t + 4 h^{2} - 3 t - 3 h + 6$

Step 2.1.2.2

The final answer is $- 5 t^{3} - 15 t^{2} h - 15 t h^{2} - 5 h^{3} + 4 t^{2} + 8 h t + 4 h^{2} - 3 t - 3 h + 6$ .

$- 5 t^{3} - 15 t^{2} h - 15 t h^{2} - 5 h^{3} + 4 t^{2} + 8 h t + 4 h^{2} - 3 t - 3 h + 6$

Step 2.2

Reorder.

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Step 2.2.1

Move $t^{2}$ .

$- 5 t^{3} - 15 h t^{2} - 15 t h^{2} - 5 h^{3} + 4 t^{2} + 8 h t + 4 h^{2} - 3 t - 3 h + 6$

Step 2.2.2

Move $t$ .

$- 5 t^{3} - 15 h t^{2} - 15 h^{2} t - 5 h^{3} + 4 t^{2} + 8 h t + 4 h^{2} - 3 t - 3 h + 6$

Step 2.2.3

Move $- 3 t$ .

$- 5 t^{3} - 15 h t^{2} - 15 h^{2} t - 5 h^{3} + 4 t^{2} + 8 h t + 4 h^{2} - 3 h - 3 t + 6$

Step 2.2.4

Move $4 t^{2}$ .

$- 5 t^{3} - 15 h t^{2} - 15 h^{2} t - 5 h^{3} + 8 h t + 4 h^{2} + 4 t^{2} - 3 h - 3 t + 6$

Step 2.2.5

Move $8 h t$ .

$- 5 t^{3} - 15 h t^{2} - 15 h^{2} t - 5 h^{3} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t + 4 t^{2} - 3 h - 3 t + 6$

Step 2.2.6

Move $- 5 t^{3}$ .

$- 15 h t^{2} - 15 h^{2} t - 5 h^{3} - 5 t^{3} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t + 4 t^{2} - 3 h - 3 t + 6$

Step 2.2.7

Move $- 15 h t^{2}$ .

$- 15 h^{2} t - 5 h^{3} - 15 h t^{2} - 5 t^{3} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t + 4 t^{2} - 3 h - 3 t + 6$

Step 2.2.8

Reorder $- 15 h^{2} t$ and $- 5 h^{3}$ .

$- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} - 5 t^{3} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t + 4 t^{2} - 3 h - 3 t + 6$

Step 2.3

Find the components of the definition.

$f (t + h) = - 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} - 5 t^{3} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t + 4 t^{2} - 3 h - 3 t + 6$

$f (t) = - 5 t^{3} + 4 t^{2} - 3 t + 6$

$f (t + h) = - 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} - 5 t^{3} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t + 4 t^{2} - 3 h - 3 t + 6$

$f (t) = - 5 t^{3} + 4 t^{2} - 3 t + 6$

Step 3

Plug in the components.

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} - 5 t^{3} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t + 4 t^{2} - 3 h - 3 t + 6 - (- 5 t^{3} + 4 t^{2} - 3 t + 6)}{h}$

Step 4

Simplify.

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Step 4.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.1.1

Apply the distributive property.

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} - 5 t^{3} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t + 4 t^{2} - 3 h - 3 t + 6 - (- 5 t^{3}) - (4 t^{2}) - (- 3 t) - 1 \cdot 6}{h}$

Step 4.1.2

Simplify.

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Step 4.1.2.1

Multiply $- 5$ by $- 1$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} - 5 t^{3} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t + 4 t^{2} - 3 h - 3 t + 6 + 5 t^{3} - (4 t^{2}) - (- 3 t) - 1 \cdot 6}{h}$

Step 4.1.2.2

Multiply $4$ by $- 1$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} - 5 t^{3} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t + 4 t^{2} - 3 h - 3 t + 6 + 5 t^{3} - 4 t^{2} - (- 3 t) - 1 \cdot 6}{h}$

Step 4.1.2.3

Multiply $- 3$ by $- 1$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} - 5 t^{3} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t + 4 t^{2} - 3 h - 3 t + 6 + 5 t^{3} - 4 t^{2} + 3 t - 1 \cdot 6}{h}$

Step 4.1.2.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $6$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} - 5 t^{3} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t + 4 t^{2} - 3 h - 3 t + 6 + 5 t^{3} - 4 t^{2} + 3 t - 6}{h}$

Step 4.1.3

Add $- 5 t^{3}$ and $5 t^{3}$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t + 4 t^{2} - 3 h - 3 t + 6 + 0 - 4 t^{2} + 3 t - 6}{h}$

Step 4.1.4

Add $- 5 h^{3}$ and $0$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t + 4 t^{2} - 3 h - 3 t + 6 - 4 t^{2} + 3 t - 6}{h}$

Step 4.1.5

Subtract $4 t^{2}$ from $4 t^{2}$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t - 3 h - 3 t + 6 + 0 + 3 t - 6}{h}$

Step 4.1.6

Add $- 5 h^{3}$ and $0$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t - 3 h - 3 t + 6 + 3 t - 6}{h}$

Step 4.1.7

Add $- 3 t$ and $3 t$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t - 3 h + 0 + 6 - 6}{h}$

Step 4.1.8

Add $- 5 h^{3}$ and $0$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t - 3 h + 6 - 6}{h}$

Step 4.1.9

Subtract $6$ from $6$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t - 3 h + 0}{h}$

Step 4.1.10

Add $- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t - 3 h$ and $0$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t - 3 h}{h}$

Step 4.1.11

Factor $h$ out of $- 5 h^{3} - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t - 3 h$ .

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Step 4.1.11.1

Factor $h$ out of $- 5 h^{3}$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{h (- 5 h^{2}) - 15 h^{2} t - 15 h t^{2} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t - 3 h}{h}$

Step 4.1.11.2

Factor $h$ out of $- 15 h^{2} t$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{h (- 5 h^{2}) + h (- 15 h t) - 15 h t^{2} + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t - 3 h}{h}$

Step 4.1.11.3

Factor $h$ out of $- 15 h t^{2}$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{h (- 5 h^{2}) + h (- 15 h t) + h (- 15 t^{2}) + 4 h^{2} + 8 h t - 3 h}{h}$

Step 4.1.11.4

Factor $h$ out of $4 h^{2}$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{h (- 5 h^{2}) + h (- 15 h t) + h (- 15 t^{2}) + h (4 h) + 8 h t - 3 h}{h}$

Step 4.1.11.5

Factor $h$ out of $8 h t$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{h (- 5 h^{2}) + h (- 15 h t) + h (- 15 t^{2}) + h (4 h) + h (8 t) - 3 h}{h}$

Step 4.1.11.6

Factor $h$ out of $- 3 h$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{h (- 5 h^{2}) + h (- 15 h t) + h (- 15 t^{2}) + h (4 h) + h (8 t) + h \cdot - 3}{h}$

Step 4.1.11.7

Factor $h$ out of $h (- 5 h^{2}) + h (- 15 h t)$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{h (- 5 h^{2} - 15 h t) + h (- 15 t^{2}) + h (4 h) + h (8 t) + h \cdot - 3}{h}$

Step 4.1.11.8

Factor $h$ out of $h (- 5 h^{2} - 15 h t) + h (- 15 t^{2})$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{h (- 5 h^{2} - 15 h t - 15 t^{2}) + h (4 h) + h (8 t) + h \cdot - 3}{h}$

Step 4.1.11.9

Factor $h$ out of $h (- 5 h^{2} - 15 h t - 15 t^{2}) + h (4 h)$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{h (- 5 h^{2} - 15 h t - 15 t^{2} + 4 h) + h (8 t) + h \cdot - 3}{h}$

Step 4.1.11.10

Factor $h$ out of $h (- 5 h^{2} - 15 h t - 15 t^{2} + 4 h) + h (8 t)$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{h (- 5 h^{2} - 15 h t - 15 t^{2} + 4 h + 8 t) + h \cdot - 3}{h}$

Step 4.1.11.11

Factor $h$ out of $h (- 5 h^{2} - 15 h t - 15 t^{2} + 4 h + 8 t) + h \cdot - 3$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{h (- 5 h^{2} - 15 h t - 15 t^{2} + 4 h + 8 t - 3)}{h}$

Step 4.2

Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.

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Step 4.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $h$ .

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Step 4.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{h (- 5 h^{2} - 15 h t - 15 t^{2} + 4 h + 8 t - 3)}{h}$

Step 4.2.1.2

Divide $- 5 h^{2} - 15 h t - 15 t^{2} + 4 h + 8 t - 3$ by $1$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} - 5 h^{2} - 15 h t - 15 t^{2} + 4 h + 8 t - 3$

Step 4.2.2

Simplify the expression.

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Step 4.2.2.1

Move $h$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} - 5 h^{2} - 15 t h - 15 t^{2} + 4 h + 8 t - 3$

Step 4.2.2.2

Move $4 h$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} - 5 h^{2} - 15 t h - 15 t^{2} + 8 t + 4 h - 3$

Step 4.2.2.3

Move $- 5 h^{2}$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} - 15 t h - 15 t^{2} - 5 h^{2} + 8 t + 4 h - 3$

Step 4.2.2.4

Reorder $- 15 t h$ and $- 15 t^{2}$ .

$f' (t) = lim_{h \to 0} - 15 t^{2} - 15 t h - 5 h^{2} + 8 t + 4 h - 3$

Step 5

Split the limit using the Sum of Limits Rule on the limit as $h$ approaches $0$ .

$- lim_{h \to 0} 15 t^{2} - lim_{h \to 0} 15 t h - lim_{h \to 0} 5 h^{2} + lim_{h \to 0} 8 t + lim_{h \to 0} 4 h - lim_{h \to 0} 3$

Step 6

Evaluate the limit of $15 t^{2}$ which is constant as $h$ approaches $0$ .

$- 15 t^{2} - lim_{h \to 0} 15 t h - lim_{h \to 0} 5 h^{2} + lim_{h \to 0} 8 t + lim_{h \to 0} 4 h - lim_{h \to 0} 3$

Step 7

Move the term $15 t$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $h$ .

$- 15 t^{2} - 1 \cdot 15 t lim_{h \to 0} h - lim_{h \to 0} 5 h^{2} + lim_{h \to 0} 8 t + lim_{h \to 0} 4 h - lim_{h \to 0} 3$

Step 8

Move the term $5$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $h$ .

$- 15 t^{2} - 1 \cdot 15 t lim_{h \to 0} h - 5 lim_{h \to 0} h^{2} + lim_{h \to 0} 8 t + lim_{h \to 0} 4 h - lim_{h \to 0} 3$

Step 9

Move the exponent $2$ from $h^{2}$ outside the limit using the Limits Power Rule.

$- 15 t^{2} - 1 \cdot 15 t lim_{h \to 0} h - 5 {(lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2} + lim_{h \to 0} 8 t + lim_{h \to 0} 4 h - lim_{h \to 0} 3$

Step 10

Evaluate the limit of $8 t$ which is constant as $h$ approaches $0$ .

$- 15 t^{2} - 1 \cdot 15 t lim_{h \to 0} h - 5 {(lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2} + 8 t + lim_{h \to 0} 4 h - lim_{h \to 0} 3$

Step 11

Move the term $4$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $h$ .

$- 15 t^{2} - 1 \cdot 15 t lim_{h \to 0} h - 5 {(lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2} + 8 t + 4 lim_{h \to 0} h - lim_{h \to 0} 3$

Step 12

Evaluate the limit of $3$ which is constant as $h$ approaches $0$ .

$- 15 t^{2} - 1 \cdot 15 t lim_{h \to 0} h - 5 {(lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2} + 8 t + 4 lim_{h \to 0} h - 1 \cdot 3$

Step 13

Evaluate the limits by plugging in $0$ for all occurrences of $h$ .

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Step 13.1

Evaluate the limit of $h$ by plugging in $0$ for $h$ .

$- 15 t^{2} - 1 \cdot 15 t \cdot 0 - 5 {(lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2} + 8 t + 4 lim_{h \to 0} h - 1 \cdot 3$

Step 13.2

Evaluate the limit of $h$ by plugging in $0$ for $h$ .

$- 15 t^{2} - 1 \cdot 15 t \cdot 0 - 5 \cdot 0^{2} + 8 t + 4 lim_{h \to 0} h - 1 \cdot 3$

Step 13.3

Evaluate the limit of $h$ by plugging in $0$ for $h$ .

$- 15 t^{2} - 1 \cdot 15 t \cdot 0 - 5 \cdot 0^{2} + 8 t + 4 \cdot 0 - 1 \cdot 3$

Step 14

Simplify the answer.

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Step 14.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 14.1.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $15$ .

$- 15 t^{2} - 15 t \cdot 0 - 5 \cdot 0^{2} + 8 t + 4 \cdot 0 - 1 \cdot 3$

Step 14.1.2

Multiply $- 15 t \cdot 0$ .

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Step 14.1.2.1

Multiply $0$ by $- 15$ .

$- 15 t^{2} + 0 t - 5 \cdot 0^{2} + 8 t + 4 \cdot 0 - 1 \cdot 3$

Step 14.1.2.2

Multiply $0$ by $t$ .

$- 15 t^{2} + 0 - 5 \cdot 0^{2} + 8 t + 4 \cdot 0 - 1 \cdot 3$

Step 14.1.3

Raising $0$ to any positive power yields $0$ .

$- 15 t^{2} + 0 - 5 \cdot 0 + 8 t + 4 \cdot 0 - 1 \cdot 3$

Step 14.1.4

Multiply $- 5$ by $0$ .

$- 15 t^{2} + 0 + 0 + 8 t + 4 \cdot 0 - 1 \cdot 3$

Step 14.1.5

Multiply $4$ by $0$ .

$- 15 t^{2} + 0 + 0 + 8 t + 0 - 1 \cdot 3$

Step 14.1.6

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$- 15 t^{2} + 0 + 0 + 8 t + 0 - 3$

Step 14.2

Combine the opposite terms in $- 15 t^{2} + 0 + 0 + 8 t + 0 - 3$ .

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Step 14.2.1

Add $- 15 t^{2}$ and $0$ .

$- 15 t^{2} + 0 + 8 t + 0 - 3$

Step 14.2.2

Add $- 15 t^{2}$ and $0$ .

$- 15 t^{2} + 8 t + 0 - 3$

Step 14.2.3

Add $- 15 t^{2} + 8 t$ and $0$ .

$- 15 t^{2} + 8 t - 3$

Step 15