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Calculus Examples
Step 1
Step 1.1
Find the first derivative.
Step 1.1.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 1.1.2
Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that is where and .
Step 1.1.3
Multiply the exponents in .
Step 1.1.3.1
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 1.1.3.2
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 1.1.3.2.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.1.3.2.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 1.1.4
Simplify.
Step 1.1.5
Differentiate.
Step 1.1.5.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.5.2
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.5.3
Add and .
Step 1.1.5.4
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.5.5
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.1.5.6
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.6
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 1.1.6.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 1.1.6.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.1.6.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 1.1.7
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 1.1.8
Combine and .
Step 1.1.9
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 1.1.10
Simplify the numerator.
Step 1.1.10.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.10.2
Subtract from .
Step 1.1.11
Combine fractions.
Step 1.1.11.1
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 1.1.11.2
Combine and .
Step 1.1.11.3
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 1.1.12
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.13
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.14
Add and .
Step 1.1.15
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.16
Multiply.
Step 1.1.16.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.16.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.17
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.1.18
Simplify terms.
Step 1.1.18.1
Combine and .
Step 1.1.18.2
Combine and .
Step 1.1.18.3
Move to the left of .
Step 1.1.18.4
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.1.18.5
Rewrite the expression.
Step 1.1.19
Simplify.
Step 1.1.19.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 1.1.19.1.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.1.19.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.19.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 1.1.19.1.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.1.19.1.3.2
Factor out of .
Step 1.1.19.1.3.3
Factor out of .
Step 1.1.19.1.4
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 1.1.19.1.5
Combine and .
Step 1.1.19.1.6
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 1.1.19.1.7
Reorder terms.
Step 1.1.19.1.8
Rewrite in a factored form.
Step 1.1.19.1.8.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.1.19.1.8.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.1.19.1.8.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 1.1.19.1.8.2
Combine exponents.
Step 1.1.19.1.8.2.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 1.1.19.1.8.2.1.1
Move .
Step 1.1.19.1.8.2.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.1.19.1.8.2.1.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 1.1.19.1.8.2.1.4
Add and .
Step 1.1.19.1.8.2.1.5
Divide by .
Step 1.1.19.1.8.2.2
Simplify .
Step 1.1.19.1.9
Simplify the numerator.
Step 1.1.19.1.9.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.1.19.1.9.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.19.1.9.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.19.1.9.4
Add and .
Step 1.1.19.1.9.5
Subtract from .
Step 1.1.19.2
Combine terms.
Step 1.1.19.2.1
Rewrite as a product.
Step 1.1.19.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.19.2.3
Reorder terms.
Step 1.1.19.2.4
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 1.1.19.2.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.19.2.4.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.1.19.2.4.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.1.19.2.4.2
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 1.1.19.2.4.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 1.1.19.2.4.4
Add and .
Step 1.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2
Step 2.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 2.2
Set the numerator equal to zero.
Step 2.3
Solve the equation for .
Step 2.3.1
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 2.3.2
Set equal to .
Step 2.3.3
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 2.3.3.1
Set equal to .
Step 2.3.3.2
Solve for .
Step 2.3.3.2.1
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 2.3.3.2.2
Take the specified root of both sides of the equation to eliminate the exponent on the left side.
Step 2.3.3.2.3
Simplify .
Step 2.3.3.2.3.1
Rewrite as .
Step 2.3.3.2.3.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.3.2.3.1.2
Rewrite as .
Step 2.3.3.2.3.2
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 2.3.3.2.4
The complete solution is the result of both the positive and negative portions of the solution.
Step 2.3.3.2.4.1
First, use the positive value of the to find the first solution.
Step 2.3.3.2.4.2
Next, use the negative value of the to find the second solution.
Step 2.3.3.2.4.3
The complete solution is the result of both the positive and negative portions of the solution.
Step 2.3.4
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 3
Step 3.1
Apply the rule to rewrite the exponentiation as a radical.
Step 3.2
Set the denominator in equal to to find where the expression is undefined.
Step 3.3
Solve for .
Step 3.3.1
To remove the radical on the left side of the equation, square both sides of the equation.
Step 3.3.2
Simplify each side of the equation.
Step 3.3.2.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 3.3.2.2
Simplify the left side.
Step 3.3.2.2.1
Multiply the exponents in .
Step 3.3.2.2.1.1
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 3.3.2.2.1.2
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 3.3.2.2.1.2.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.3.2.2.1.2.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 3.3.2.3
Simplify the right side.
Step 3.3.2.3.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 3.3.3
Solve for .
Step 3.3.3.1
Factor the left side of the equation.
Step 3.3.3.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.3.3.1.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.3.3.1.1.2
Rewrite as .
Step 3.3.3.1.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 3.3.3.1.2
Rewrite as .
Step 3.3.3.1.3
Factor.
Step 3.3.3.1.3.1
Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, where and .
Step 3.3.3.1.3.2
Remove unnecessary parentheses.
Step 3.3.3.1.4
Apply the product rule to .
Step 3.3.3.1.5
Apply the product rule to .
Step 3.3.3.2
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 3.3.3.3
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 3.3.3.3.1
Set equal to .
Step 3.3.3.3.2
Solve for .
Step 3.3.3.3.2.1
Set the equal to .
Step 3.3.3.3.2.2
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 3.3.3.4
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 3.3.3.4.1
Set equal to .
Step 3.3.3.4.2
Solve for .
Step 3.3.3.4.2.1
Set the equal to .
Step 3.3.3.4.2.2
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 3.3.3.5
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 3.4
Set the radicand in less than to find where the expression is undefined.
Step 3.5
Solve for .
Step 3.5.1
Take the specified root of both sides of the inequality to eliminate the exponent on the left side.
Step 3.5.2
Simplify the equation.
Step 3.5.2.1
Simplify the left side.
Step 3.5.2.1.1
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 3.5.2.2
Simplify the right side.
Step 3.5.2.2.1
Simplify .
Step 3.5.2.2.1.1
Rewrite as .
Step 3.5.2.2.1.2
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 3.5.3
Subtract from both sides of the inequality.
Step 3.5.4
Divide each term in by and simplify.
Step 3.5.4.1
Divide each term in by . When multiplying or dividing both sides of an inequality by a negative value, flip the direction of the inequality sign.
Step 3.5.4.2
Simplify the left side.
Step 3.5.4.2.1
Dividing two negative values results in a positive value.
Step 3.5.4.2.2
Divide by .
Step 3.5.4.3
Simplify the right side.
Step 3.5.4.3.1
Divide by .
Step 3.5.5
Take the specified root of both sides of the inequality to eliminate the exponent on the left side.
Step 3.5.6
Simplify the equation.
Step 3.5.6.1
Simplify the left side.
Step 3.5.6.1.1
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 3.5.6.2
Simplify the right side.
Step 3.5.6.2.1
Simplify .
Step 3.5.6.2.1.1
Rewrite as .
Step 3.5.6.2.1.2
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 3.5.6.2.1.3
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 3.5.7
Write as a piecewise.
Step 3.5.7.1
To find the interval for the first piece, find where the inside of the absolute value is non-negative.
Step 3.5.7.2
In the piece where is non-negative, remove the absolute value.
Step 3.5.7.3
To find the interval for the second piece, find where the inside of the absolute value is negative.
Step 3.5.7.4
In the piece where is negative, remove the absolute value and multiply by .
Step 3.5.7.5
Write as a piecewise.
Step 3.5.8
Find the intersection of and .
Step 3.5.9
Divide each term in by and simplify.
Step 3.5.9.1
Divide each term in by . When multiplying or dividing both sides of an inequality by a negative value, flip the direction of the inequality sign.
Step 3.5.9.2
Simplify the left side.
Step 3.5.9.2.1
Dividing two negative values results in a positive value.
Step 3.5.9.2.2
Divide by .
Step 3.5.9.3
Simplify the right side.
Step 3.5.9.3.1
Divide by .
Step 3.5.10
Find the union of the solutions.
or
or
Step 3.6
The equation is undefined where the denominator equals , the argument of a square root is less than , or the argument of a logarithm is less than or equal to .
Step 4
Step 4.1
Evaluate at .
Step 4.1.1
Substitute for .
Step 4.1.2
Simplify.
Step 4.1.2.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 4.1.2.1.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 4.1.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.1.3
Add and .
Step 4.1.2.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 4.1.2.2.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 4.1.2.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.2.3
Add and .
Step 4.1.2.2.4
Rewrite as .
Step 4.1.2.2.5
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 4.1.2.3
Divide by .
Step 4.2
Evaluate at .
Step 4.2.1
Substitute for .
Step 4.2.2
Simplify.
Step 4.2.2.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 4.2.2.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 4.2.2.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.2.2.1.3
Rewrite as .
Step 4.2.2.1.3.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 4.2.2.1.3.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 4.2.2.1.3.3
Combine and .
Step 4.2.2.1.3.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 4.2.2.1.3.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.2.2.1.3.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.2.2.1.3.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 4.2.2.1.4
Multiply .
Step 4.2.2.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.1.5
Subtract from .
Step 4.2.2.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 4.2.2.2.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 4.2.2.2.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.2.2.2.3
Rewrite as .
Step 4.2.2.2.3.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 4.2.2.2.3.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 4.2.2.2.3.3
Combine and .
Step 4.2.2.2.3.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 4.2.2.2.3.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.2.2.2.3.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.2.2.2.3.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 4.2.2.2.4
Multiply .
Step 4.2.2.2.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.2.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.2.5
Subtract from .
Step 4.2.2.2.6
Rewrite as .
Step 4.2.2.2.7
Rewrite as .
Step 4.2.2.2.8
Rewrite as .
Step 4.2.2.2.9
Rewrite as .
Step 4.2.2.2.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.2.2.2.9.2
Rewrite as .
Step 4.2.2.2.10
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 4.2.2.2.11
Move to the left of .
Step 4.2.2.3
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 4.2.2.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.2.2.3.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 4.2.2.3.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.2.2.3.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.2.2.3.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.2.2.4
Multiply the numerator and denominator of by the conjugate of to make the denominator real.
Step 4.2.2.5
Multiply.
Step 4.2.2.5.1
Combine.
Step 4.2.2.5.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 4.2.2.5.2.1
Add parentheses.
Step 4.2.2.5.2.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.2.2.5.2.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.2.2.5.2.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 4.2.2.5.2.5
Add and .
Step 4.2.2.5.2.6
Rewrite as .
Step 4.2.2.6
Multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.7
Dividing two negative values results in a positive value.
Step 4.2.2.8
Factor out of .
Step 4.2.2.9
Factor out of .
Step 4.2.2.10
Separate fractions.
Step 4.2.2.11
Divide by .
Step 4.2.2.12
Divide by .
Step 4.3
Evaluate at .
Step 4.3.1
Substitute for .
Step 4.3.2
Simplify.
Step 4.3.2.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 4.3.2.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 4.3.2.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.3.2.1.3
Rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.1.3.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.1.3.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 4.3.2.1.3.3
Combine and .
Step 4.3.2.1.3.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 4.3.2.1.3.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.3.2.1.3.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.3.2.1.3.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 4.3.2.1.4
Multiply .
Step 4.3.2.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.1.5
Subtract from .
Step 4.3.2.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 4.3.2.2.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 4.3.2.2.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.3.2.2.3
Rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.2.3.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.2.3.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 4.3.2.2.3.3
Combine and .
Step 4.3.2.2.3.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 4.3.2.2.3.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.3.2.2.3.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.3.2.2.3.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 4.3.2.2.4
Multiply .
Step 4.3.2.2.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.2.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.2.5
Subtract from .
Step 4.3.2.2.6
Rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.2.7
Rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.2.8
Rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.2.9
Rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.2.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.3.2.2.9.2
Rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.2.10
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 4.3.2.2.11
Move to the left of .
Step 4.3.2.3
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 4.3.2.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.3.2.3.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 4.3.2.3.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.3.2.3.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.3.2.3.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.3.2.4
Multiply the numerator and denominator of by the conjugate of to make the denominator real.
Step 4.3.2.5
Multiply.
Step 4.3.2.5.1
Combine.
Step 4.3.2.5.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 4.3.2.5.2.1
Add parentheses.
Step 4.3.2.5.2.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.3.2.5.2.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.3.2.5.2.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 4.3.2.5.2.5
Add and .
Step 4.3.2.5.2.6
Rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.6
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.7
Dividing two negative values results in a positive value.
Step 4.3.2.8
Factor out of .
Step 4.3.2.9
Factor out of .
Step 4.3.2.10
Separate fractions.
Step 4.3.2.11
Divide by .
Step 4.3.2.12
Divide by .
Step 4.4
Evaluate at .
Step 4.4.1
Substitute for .
Step 4.4.2
Simplify.
Step 4.4.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.4.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.4.2.3
Subtract from .
Step 4.4.2.4
Rewrite as .
Step 4.4.2.5
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 4.4.2.6
The expression contains a division by . The expression is undefined.
Undefined
Undefined
Undefined
Step 4.5
Evaluate at .
Step 4.5.1
Substitute for .
Step 4.5.2
Simplify.
Step 4.5.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.5.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.5.2.3
Subtract from .
Step 4.5.2.4
Rewrite as .
Step 4.5.2.5
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 4.5.2.6
The expression contains a division by . The expression is undefined.
Undefined
Undefined
Undefined
Step 4.6
List all of the points.
Step 5