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Calculus Examples
Step 1
Step 1.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2
Evaluate .
Step 1.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.3
Evaluate .
Step 1.3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.4
Simplify each term.
Step 1.4.1
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 1.4.2
Combine and .
Step 2
Step 2.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2
Evaluate .
Step 2.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2.2
Rewrite as .
Step 2.2.3
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 2.2.3.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 2.2.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.2.3.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 2.2.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.2.5
Multiply the exponents in .
Step 2.2.5.1
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 2.2.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.6
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.7
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.2.7.1
Move .
Step 2.2.7.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.2.7.3
Subtract from .
Step 2.2.8
Multiply by .
Step 2.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.4
Simplify.
Step 2.4.1
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 2.4.2
Combine terms.
Step 2.4.2.1
Combine and .
Step 2.4.2.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.4.2.3
Add and .
Step 3
To find the local maximum and minimum values of the function, set the derivative equal to and solve.
Step 4
Step 4.1
Find the first derivative.
Step 4.1.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2
Evaluate .
Step 4.1.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3
Evaluate .
Step 4.1.3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.4
Simplify each term.
Step 4.1.4.1
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 4.1.4.2
Combine and .
Step 4.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5
Step 5.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 5.2
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 5.3
Find the LCD of the terms in the equation.
Step 5.3.1
Finding the LCD of a list of values is the same as finding the LCM of the denominators of those values.
Step 5.3.2
The LCM of one and any expression is the expression.
Step 5.4
Multiply each term in by to eliminate the fractions.
Step 5.4.1
Multiply each term in by .
Step 5.4.2
Simplify the left side.
Step 5.4.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 5.4.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 5.4.2.1.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 5.5
Solve the equation.
Step 5.5.1
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 5.5.2
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 5.5.3
Factor out of .
Step 5.5.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 5.5.3.2
Factor out of .
Step 5.5.3.3
Factor out of .
Step 5.5.4
Divide each term in by and simplify.
Step 5.5.4.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 5.5.4.2
Simplify the left side.
Step 5.5.4.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 5.5.4.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 5.5.4.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 5.5.4.3
Simplify the right side.
Step 5.5.4.3.1
Divide by .
Step 5.5.5
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 5.5.6
Take the specified root of both sides of the equation to eliminate the exponent on the left side.
Step 5.5.7
Simplify .
Step 5.5.7.1
Rewrite as .
Step 5.5.7.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 5.5.7.1.2
Rewrite as .
Step 5.5.7.2
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 6
Step 6.1
Set the denominator in equal to to find where the expression is undefined.
Step 6.2
Solve for .
Step 6.2.1
Take the specified root of both sides of the equation to eliminate the exponent on the left side.
Step 6.2.2
Simplify .
Step 6.2.2.1
Rewrite as .
Step 6.2.2.2
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming real numbers.
Step 7
Critical points to evaluate.
Step 8
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 9
Step 9.1
Simplify the denominator.
Step 9.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 9.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.3
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.5.2
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.6
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 9.1.7
Multiply by .
Step 9.2
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 9.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.2.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 9.2.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.2.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.2.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.3
Multiply by .
Step 9.4
Combine and simplify the denominator.
Step 9.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.4.2
Move .
Step 9.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.4.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 9.4.5
Add and .
Step 9.4.6
Rewrite as .
Step 9.4.6.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 9.4.6.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 9.4.6.3
Combine and .
Step 9.4.6.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 9.4.6.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.4.6.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.4.6.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 9.5
Simplify the numerator.
Step 9.5.1
Rewrite as .
Step 9.5.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.5.3
Rewrite as .
Step 9.5.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.5.3.2
Rewrite as .
Step 9.5.4
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 9.5.5
Multiply by .
Step 9.6
Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.
Step 9.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.6.2
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 9.6.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.6.2.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 9.6.2.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.6.2.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.6.2.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 10
is a local maximum because the value of the second derivative is negative. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local maximum
Step 11
Step 11.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 11.2
Simplify the result.
Step 11.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 11.2.1.1
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 11.2.1.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 11.2.1.2.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 11.2.1.2.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.1.2.3
Rewrite as .
Step 11.2.1.2.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.1.2.5
Rewrite as .
Step 11.2.1.2.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.2.5.2
Rewrite as .
Step 11.2.1.2.6
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 11.2.1.2.7
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.4
Combine and simplify the denominator.
Step 11.2.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.4.2
Move .
Step 11.2.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.1.4.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 11.2.1.4.5
Add and .
Step 11.2.1.4.6
Rewrite as .
Step 11.2.1.4.6.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 11.2.1.4.6.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 11.2.1.4.6.3
Combine and .
Step 11.2.1.4.6.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 11.2.1.4.6.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.1.4.6.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.1.4.6.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 11.2.1.5
Simplify the numerator.
Step 11.2.1.5.1
Rewrite as .
Step 11.2.1.5.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.1.5.3
Rewrite as .
Step 11.2.1.5.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.5.3.2
Rewrite as .
Step 11.2.1.5.4
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 11.2.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.7
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 11.2.1.7.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.7.2
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.7.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.1.7.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.1.8
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 11.2.1.8.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.8.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 11.2.1.8.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.8.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.1.8.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.1.9
Rewrite as .
Step 11.2.1.10
Multiply .
Step 11.2.1.10.1
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.10.2
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 11.2.3
The final answer is .
Step 12
These are the local extrema for .
is a local maxima
Step 13