Calculus Examples

Find the Local Maxima and Minima x^(4/5)(x-6)^2
Step 1
Write as a function.
Step 2
Find the first derivative of the function.
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Step 2.1
Rewrite as .
Step 2.2
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 2.2.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.2.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.2.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.3
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 2.3.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 2.3.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.3.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.3.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.3.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.4
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.5
Differentiate.
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Step 2.5.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.5.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.5.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.5.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.5.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.6
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.5.7
Add and .
Step 2.5.8
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.6
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.7
Combine and .
Step 2.8
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.9
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 2.9.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.10
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.11
Combine and .
Step 2.12
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 2.13
Simplify.
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Step 2.13.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.13.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.13.3
Combine terms.
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Step 2.13.3.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 2.13.3.1.1
Move .
Step 2.13.3.1.2
Multiply by .
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Step 2.13.3.1.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.13.3.1.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.13.3.1.3
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 2.13.3.1.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.13.3.1.5
Add and .
Step 2.13.3.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.13.3.3
Move to the left of .
Step 2.13.3.4
Combine and .
Step 2.13.3.5
Move to the left of .
Step 2.13.3.6
Move to the numerator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 2.13.3.7
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 2.13.3.7.1
Move .
Step 2.13.3.7.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.13.3.7.3
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.13.3.7.4
Combine and .
Step 2.13.3.7.5
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.13.3.7.6
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 2.13.3.7.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.13.3.7.6.2
Add and .
Step 2.13.3.8
Combine and .
Step 2.13.3.9
Multiply by .
Step 2.13.3.10
Combine and .
Step 2.13.3.11
Move to the left of .
Step 2.13.3.12
Move to the numerator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 2.13.3.13
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 2.13.3.13.1
Move .
Step 2.13.3.13.2
Multiply by .
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Step 2.13.3.13.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.13.3.13.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.13.3.13.3
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 2.13.3.13.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.13.3.13.5
Add and .
Step 2.13.3.14
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.13.3.15
Combine and .
Step 2.13.3.16
Multiply by .
Step 2.13.3.17
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.13.3.18
Combine and .
Step 2.13.3.19
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.13.3.20
Multiply by .
Step 2.13.3.21
Add and .
Step 2.13.3.22
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.13.3.23
Combine and .
Step 2.13.3.24
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.13.3.25
Multiply by .
Step 2.13.3.26
Subtract from .
Step 2.13.3.27
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.13.4
Reorder terms.
Step 3
Find the second derivative of the function.
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Step 3.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.2
Evaluate .
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Step 3.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 3.2.3
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 3.2.4
Combine and .
Step 3.2.5
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.2.6
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 3.2.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.2.6.2
Subtract from .
Step 3.2.7
Combine and .
Step 3.2.8
Multiply by .
Step 3.2.9
Multiply by .
Step 3.2.10
Multiply by .
Step 3.3
Evaluate .
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Step 3.3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.3.2
Rewrite as .
Step 3.3.3
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
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Step 3.3.3.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 3.3.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 3.3.3.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 3.3.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 3.3.5
Multiply the exponents in .
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Step 3.3.5.1
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 3.3.5.2
Combine and .
Step 3.3.5.3
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.3.6
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 3.3.7
Combine and .
Step 3.3.8
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.3.9
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 3.3.9.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.3.9.2
Subtract from .
Step 3.3.10
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.3.11
Combine and .
Step 3.3.12
Combine and .
Step 3.3.13
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 3.3.13.1
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.3.13.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.3.13.3
Subtract from .
Step 3.3.13.4
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.3.14
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 3.3.15
Multiply by .
Step 3.3.16
Multiply by .
Step 3.4
Evaluate .
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Step 3.4.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.4.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 3.4.3
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 3.4.4
Combine and .
Step 3.4.5
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.4.6
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 3.4.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.6.2
Subtract from .
Step 3.4.7
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.4.8
Combine and .
Step 3.4.9
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.10
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.11
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.12
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 4
To find the local maximum and minimum values of the function, set the derivative equal to and solve.
Step 5
Find the first derivative.
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Step 5.1
Find the first derivative.
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Step 5.1.1
Rewrite as .
Step 5.1.2
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 5.1.2.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 5.1.2.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 5.1.2.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 5.1.3
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 5.1.3.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 5.1.3.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.3.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 5.1.3.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.3.2
Subtract from .
Step 5.1.4
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 5.1.5
Differentiate.
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Step 5.1.5.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5.1.5.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 5.1.5.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5.1.5.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 5.1.5.5
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.5.6
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5.1.5.7
Add and .
Step 5.1.5.8
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 5.1.6
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 5.1.7
Combine and .
Step 5.1.8
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 5.1.9
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 5.1.9.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.9.2
Subtract from .
Step 5.1.10
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 5.1.11
Combine and .
Step 5.1.12
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 5.1.13
Simplify.
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Step 5.1.13.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 5.1.13.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 5.1.13.3
Combine terms.
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Step 5.1.13.3.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 5.1.13.3.1.1
Move .
Step 5.1.13.3.1.2
Multiply by .
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Step 5.1.13.3.1.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.1.13.3.1.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 5.1.13.3.1.3
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 5.1.13.3.1.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 5.1.13.3.1.5
Add and .
Step 5.1.13.3.2
Move to the left of .
Step 5.1.13.3.3
Move to the left of .
Step 5.1.13.3.4
Combine and .
Step 5.1.13.3.5
Move to the left of .
Step 5.1.13.3.6
Move to the numerator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 5.1.13.3.7
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 5.1.13.3.7.1
Move .
Step 5.1.13.3.7.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 5.1.13.3.7.3
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 5.1.13.3.7.4
Combine and .
Step 5.1.13.3.7.5
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 5.1.13.3.7.6
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 5.1.13.3.7.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.13.3.7.6.2
Add and .
Step 5.1.13.3.8
Combine and .
Step 5.1.13.3.9
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.13.3.10
Combine and .
Step 5.1.13.3.11
Move to the left of .
Step 5.1.13.3.12
Move to the numerator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 5.1.13.3.13
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 5.1.13.3.13.1
Move .
Step 5.1.13.3.13.2
Multiply by .
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Step 5.1.13.3.13.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.1.13.3.13.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 5.1.13.3.13.3
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 5.1.13.3.13.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 5.1.13.3.13.5
Add and .
Step 5.1.13.3.14
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 5.1.13.3.15
Combine and .
Step 5.1.13.3.16
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.13.3.17
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 5.1.13.3.18
Combine and .
Step 5.1.13.3.19
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 5.1.13.3.20
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.13.3.21
Add and .
Step 5.1.13.3.22
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 5.1.13.3.23
Combine and .
Step 5.1.13.3.24
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 5.1.13.3.25
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.13.3.26
Subtract from .
Step 5.1.13.3.27
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 5.1.13.4
Reorder terms.
Step 5.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 6
Set the first derivative equal to then solve the equation .
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Step 6.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 6.2
Find the LCD of the terms in the equation.
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Step 6.2.1
Finding the LCD of a list of values is the same as finding the LCM of the denominators of those values.
Step 6.2.2
Since contains both numbers and variables, there are two steps to find the LCM. Find LCM for the numeric part then find LCM for the variable part .
Step 6.2.3
The LCM is the smallest positive number that all of the numbers divide into evenly.
1. List the prime factors of each number.
2. Multiply each factor the greatest number of times it occurs in either number.
Step 6.2.4
Since has no factors besides and .
is a prime number
Step 6.2.5
The number is not a prime number because it only has one positive factor, which is itself.
Not prime
Step 6.2.6
The LCM of is the result of multiplying all prime factors the greatest number of times they occur in either number.
Step 6.2.7
The LCM of is the result of multiplying all prime factors the greatest number of times they occur in either term.
Step 6.2.8
The LCM for is the numeric part multiplied by the variable part.
Step 6.3
Multiply each term in by to eliminate the fractions.
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Step 6.3.1
Multiply each term in by .
Step 6.3.2
Simplify the left side.
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Step 6.3.2.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 6.3.2.1.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 6.3.2.1.2
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 6.3.2.1.2.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 6.3.2.1.2.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 6.3.2.1.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 6.3.2.1.3.1
Move .
Step 6.3.2.1.3.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 6.3.2.1.3.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 6.3.2.1.3.4
Add and .
Step 6.3.2.1.3.5
Divide by .
Step 6.3.2.1.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 6.3.2.1.5
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 6.3.2.1.5.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 6.3.2.1.5.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 6.3.2.1.6
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 6.3.2.1.6.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 6.3.2.1.6.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 6.3.2.1.7
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 6.3.2.1.7.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 6.3.2.1.7.2
Factor out of .
Step 6.3.2.1.7.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 6.3.2.1.7.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 6.3.2.1.8
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 6.3.2.1.8.1
Move .
Step 6.3.2.1.8.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 6.3.2.1.8.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 6.3.2.1.8.4
Add and .
Step 6.3.2.1.8.5
Divide by .
Step 6.3.2.1.9
Simplify .
Step 6.3.3
Simplify the right side.
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Step 6.3.3.1
Multiply .
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Step 6.3.3.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.3.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.4
Solve the equation.
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Step 6.4.1
Factor the left side of the equation.
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Step 6.4.1.1
Factor out of .
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Step 6.4.1.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 6.4.1.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 6.4.1.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 6.4.1.1.4
Factor out of .
Step 6.4.1.1.5
Factor out of .
Step 6.4.1.2
Factor.
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Step 6.4.1.2.1
Factor by grouping.
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Step 6.4.1.2.1.1
Reorder terms.
Step 6.4.1.2.1.2
For a polynomial of the form , rewrite the middle term as a sum of two terms whose product is and whose sum is .
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Step 6.4.1.2.1.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 6.4.1.2.1.2.2
Rewrite as plus
Step 6.4.1.2.1.2.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 6.4.1.2.1.3
Factor out the greatest common factor from each group.
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Step 6.4.1.2.1.3.1
Group the first two terms and the last two terms.
Step 6.4.1.2.1.3.2
Factor out the greatest common factor (GCF) from each group.
Step 6.4.1.2.1.4
Factor the polynomial by factoring out the greatest common factor, .
Step 6.4.1.2.2
Remove unnecessary parentheses.
Step 6.4.2
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 6.4.3
Set equal to and solve for .
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Step 6.4.3.1
Set equal to .
Step 6.4.3.2
Solve for .
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Step 6.4.3.2.1
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 6.4.3.2.2
Divide each term in by and simplify.
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Step 6.4.3.2.2.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 6.4.3.2.2.2
Simplify the left side.
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Step 6.4.3.2.2.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 6.4.3.2.2.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 6.4.3.2.2.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 6.4.4
Set equal to and solve for .
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Step 6.4.4.1
Set equal to .
Step 6.4.4.2
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 6.4.5
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 7
Find the values where the derivative is undefined.
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Step 7.1
Convert expressions with fractional exponents to radicals.
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Step 7.1.1
Apply the rule to rewrite the exponentiation as a radical.
Step 7.1.2
Apply the rule to rewrite the exponentiation as a radical.
Step 7.1.3
Apply the rule to rewrite the exponentiation as a radical.
Step 7.1.4
Anything raised to is the base itself.
Step 7.2
Set the denominator in equal to to find where the expression is undefined.
Step 7.3
Solve for .
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Step 7.3.1
To remove the radical on the left side of the equation, raise both sides of the equation to the power of .
Step 7.3.2
Simplify each side of the equation.
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Step 7.3.2.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 7.3.2.2
Simplify the left side.
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Step 7.3.2.2.1
Simplify .
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Step 7.3.2.2.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 7.3.2.2.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 7.3.2.2.1.3
Multiply the exponents in .
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Step 7.3.2.2.1.3.1
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 7.3.2.2.1.3.2
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 7.3.2.2.1.3.2.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 7.3.2.2.1.3.2.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 7.3.2.2.1.4
Simplify.
Step 7.3.2.3
Simplify the right side.
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Step 7.3.2.3.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 7.3.3
Divide each term in by and simplify.
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Step 7.3.3.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 7.3.3.2
Simplify the left side.
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Step 7.3.3.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 7.3.3.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 7.3.3.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 7.3.3.3
Simplify the right side.
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Step 7.3.3.3.1
Divide by .
Step 8
Critical points to evaluate.
Step 9
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 10
Evaluate the second derivative.
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Step 10.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 10.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 10.1.2
Combine and .
Step 10.1.3
Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.
Step 10.1.4
Combine.
Step 10.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.6
Move to the left of .
Step 10.1.7
Apply the product rule to .
Step 10.1.8
Combine and .
Step 10.1.9
Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.
Step 10.1.10
Combine and .
Step 10.1.11
Apply the product rule to .
Step 10.1.12
Combine and .
Step 10.1.13
Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.
Step 10.1.14
Combine and .
Step 10.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 10.3
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
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Step 10.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 10.3.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 10.3.2.1
Move .
Step 10.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 10.3.2.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 10.3.2.4
Add and .
Step 10.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 10.5
Simplify each term.
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Step 10.5.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 10.5.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 10.5.1.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 10.5.2
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 10.5.2.1
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 10.5.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 11
is a local maximum because the value of the second derivative is negative. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local maximum
Step 12
Find the y-value when .
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Step 12.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 12.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 12.2.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 12.2.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 12.2.3
Combine and .
Step 12.2.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 12.2.5
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 12.2.5.1
Multiply by .
Step 12.2.5.2
Subtract from .
Step 12.2.6
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 12.2.7
Use the power rule to distribute the exponent.
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Step 12.2.7.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 12.2.7.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 12.2.8
Simplify the expression.
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Step 12.2.8.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 12.2.8.2
Multiply by .
Step 12.2.9
Combine.
Step 12.2.10
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 12.2.10.1
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 12.2.10.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 12.2.10.3
Combine and .
Step 12.2.10.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 12.2.10.5
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 12.2.10.5.1
Multiply by .
Step 12.2.10.5.2
Add and .
Step 12.2.11
Raise to the power of .
Step 12.2.12
Move to the left of .
Step 12.2.13
The final answer is .
Step 13
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 14
Evaluate the second derivative.
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Step 14.1
Remove parentheses.
Step 14.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 14.3
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
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Step 14.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 14.3.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 14.3.2.1
Move .
Step 14.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 14.3.2.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 14.3.2.4
Add and .
Step 14.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 14.5
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 14.5.1
Divide by .
Step 14.5.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 14.5.3
Multiply by .
Step 14.5.4
Subtract from .
Step 14.6
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 15
is a local minimum because the value of the second derivative is positive. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local minimum
Step 16
Find the y-value when .
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Step 16.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 16.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 16.2.1
Subtract from .
Step 16.2.2
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 16.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.4
The final answer is .
Step 17
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 18
Evaluate the second derivative.
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Step 18.1
Simplify the expression.
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Step 18.1.1
Rewrite as .
Step 18.1.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 18.2
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 18.2.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 18.2.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 18.3
Simplify the expression.
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Step 18.3.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 18.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 18.3.3
The expression contains a division by . The expression is undefined.
Undefined
Step 18.4
The expression contains a division by . The expression is undefined.
Undefined
Undefined
Step 19
Since there is at least one point with or undefined second derivative, apply the first derivative test.
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Step 19.1
Split into separate intervals around the values that make the first derivative or undefined.
Step 19.2
Substitute any number, such as , from the interval in the first derivative to check if the result is negative or positive.
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Step 19.2.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 19.2.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 19.2.2.1
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 19.2.2.2
The final answer is .
Step 19.3
Substitute any number, such as , from the interval in the first derivative to check if the result is negative or positive.
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Step 19.3.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 19.3.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 19.3.2.1
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 19.3.2.2
Simplify each term.
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Step 19.3.2.2.1
One to any power is one.
Step 19.3.2.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 19.3.2.2.3
One to any power is one.
Step 19.3.2.2.4
Multiply by .
Step 19.3.2.3
Subtract from .
Step 19.3.2.4
Simplify each term.
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Step 19.3.2.4.1
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 19.3.2.4.2
One to any power is one.
Step 19.3.2.4.3
Multiply by .
Step 19.3.2.5
Combine fractions.
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Step 19.3.2.5.1
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 19.3.2.5.2
Simplify the expression.
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Step 19.3.2.5.2.1
Add and .
Step 19.3.2.5.2.2
Divide by .
Step 19.3.2.6
The final answer is .
Step 19.4
Substitute any number, such as , from the interval in the first derivative to check if the result is negative or positive.
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Step 19.4.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 19.4.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 19.4.2.1
Remove parentheses.
Step 19.4.2.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 19.4.2.3
The final answer is .
Step 19.5
Substitute any number, such as , from the interval in the first derivative to check if the result is negative or positive.
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Step 19.5.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 19.5.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 19.5.2.1
Remove parentheses.
Step 19.5.2.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 19.5.2.3
The final answer is .
Step 19.6
Since the first derivative changed signs from negative to positive around , then is a local minimum.
is a local minimum
Step 19.7
Since the first derivative changed signs from positive to negative around , then is a local maximum.
is a local maximum
Step 19.8
Since the first derivative changed signs from negative to positive around , then is a local minimum.
is a local minimum
Step 19.9
These are the local extrema for .
is a local minimum
is a local maximum
is a local minimum
is a local minimum
is a local maximum
is a local minimum
Step 20